This document provides an overview of the male and female reproductive systems. It discusses the organization and functions of the male reproductive system, including the testes, ducts, accessory sex glands, and supporting structures. It describes the testes in more detail, including their anatomy, lobules containing seminiferous tubules, and roles of sertoli and Leydig cells in sperm production and testosterone secretion. The female reproductive system and fields of gynecology, andrology, obstetrics, and neonatology are also briefly mentioned.

1. Ms.Anu Sebastian: B.Pharm; M.Pharm
Assistant Professor,
Dept. Of Pharmacology
Nirmala College Of Pharmacy
Muvattupuzha,Ernakulam,Kerala

2.  The reproductive system or genital system is a system
of organs within an organism which work together for
the purpose of reproduction.
FUNCTIONS OF REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 Development of secondary sexual characters.
 Production of gamates.
 Production of hormones.
 Production of offspring by fertilization

3.  GYNECOLOGY: Study of female reproductive system(organs,
hormones & diseases).
 ANDROLOGY : The branch of medicine concerned with male
reproductive system(health, particularly male infertility &
sexual dysfunction).
 OBSTETRICS: specially concerning pregnancy and parturition
 NEONATOLOGY: study and treatment of the newborn child.

4. ORGANIZATION OF REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
1) Primary sex organs: Gonads
 Testes in males
 Ovaries in females
2) Accessory sex organs
 Accessory sex glands: Produce substances that protect & facilitate
the transport of gamates.
 Ducts: Assists in delivery & joining of gamates.
3) Supporting structures: assists in delivery & joining of gamates.

5. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM-Organization
1) Testes: Production of sperm & secretion of hormones.
2) System of ducts: store, matures, transport & deliver sperm.
a) Ductus deferens
b) Ejaculatory ducts
c) Urethra
3) Accessory sex glands: Production of semen
a) Seminal Vesicles
b) Prostate gland
c) Bulbourethral gland
4) Supporting structures
a) Scrotum
b) Penis

7. FUNCTIONS OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 Testes: Produce sperm & male sex hormone
testosterone.
 Ducts: Transport, store & assist in maturation of
sperm
 Accessory sex glannds: Secrete Semen
 Penis : Contains the urethra , which act as a passage
way for the ejaculation of semen & excretion of urine.

8. TESTES/TESTECLES
 These are paired oval glands.
 Length -5cm, Diameter -2.5 cm,weight -10-15 g.
 It starts developing in the abdomen descend to scrotum through inguinal
canal.
Anatomy
 Covered by
A) Externally : It is covered by Tunica vaginalis which is made up o f serous
membrane.
B) Internally : It is covered by Tunica albugenia ,made up of dense irregular
connective tissue.

9.  Inward extension of tunica albugenia forms septums which divide
testes into series of internal compartments called Lobules.
 Each testes is having 200-300 lobules.
 Each lobule contains 2-3 mumber of tightly coiled tubules called
Seminiferous tubules.
 Site of sperm production is in the seminiferous tubule.
 There are 2 types of cells in the seminiferous tubule .
A) Spermatogenic cells: Produce sperm
B) Sertoli cells/sustentacular cells:-Present between spermatogenic
cells.They extend from basement membrane to lumen.

13. Functions Of sertoli Cells
 Forms Blood –Testis barrier
 Nourishes spermatocytes, spermatids & sperm
 Phagocytosis of excess cytoplasm of spermatid
 Control the movements of spermatogenic cells
 Release of sperm into the lumen
 Produce a fluid for the transport of sperm
 Mediate the actions of testosterone & FSH
 The cluster of cells present between adjacent seminiferous tubule is known as
Leydig cells.
 The leydig cells secrete testosterone.

14. THANK YOU