This document provides an overview of the key female reproductive organs, including their location, structure, blood and nerve supply, and functions. It describes the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina and their histology. The ovaries produce eggs and hormones, the fallopian tubes aid fertilization and early embryo transport, the uterus nourishes and protects the developing embryo and allows birth, and the vagina serves as a birth canal and menstrual flow exit. Clinical issues like salpingitis, tying of tubes, and vaginitis are also mentioned.

1. Presented by
Khazima

2. Contents
 Female reproductive organs
 Diagram
 Location
 Relations
 Parts
 Histology
 Blood supply
 Nerve supply
 Lymphatic supply
 Functions
 Histology
 Clinical significance

3. Female reproductive organs
 Female reproductive system compromises:
Primary sex organs
Pair of ovaries
Accessory sex organs
System of genital ducts: fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix
&vagina
External genitalia: labia majora, labia minora, clitoris

4. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN

5. OVARY
location
Ovaries are bilateral pair of flattened,egg
shaped,intraperitoneal disc,reside within the true
pelvis
Measuring 1.5 0.75in
Attached to the back of the broad ligament by
mesovarium

6. Structural relation
Superior pole
Covered by the fimbriae of fallopian tube
Attached to the suspensory ligament of ovary
Inferior pole
Directed towards the body of uterus
Has a connection there by way of ligament of the ovary .
This ligament progresses as round ligament secures each
ovary to cornu of uterus

7. Blood supply

8. OVARY
Arterial supply
 Ovarian artery arise from abdominal aorta at the level
of 1st lumbar vertebrae
Venous supply
 Ovarian vein drains into the inferior vena cava on right
side and into the left renal vein on the left side.

9. OVARY
Lymph drainage
 Para aortic nodes at the level of 1st lumbar vertebra
Nerve supply
 Nerve supply to the ovary is derived from the aortic
plexus & accompanies the ovarian artery

10. OVARY
Functions
 Production of female germ cells
 Production of ova
 Production of female sex organs estrogen &
progesterone in the mature female

11. FALLOPIAN TUBE

12. FALLOPIAN TUBE OR UTERINE
TUBE
Location and trajectory:
The two fallopian tubes are about 10 cm long from the
superior border
They connect the peritoneal cavity with uterine cavity

13. FALLOPIAN OR UTERINE TUBE
Parts:
 The uterine tube is divided into four parts;
Infundibulum;
 Distal end of the tube
 Funnel shaped
 Opens into peritoneal cavity at the abdominal ostium
 Several Finger like projections called Fimbriae

14. FALLOPIAN OR UTERINE TUBE
Intramural;
Is the segment that pierces the uterine wall
Ampulla;
Longest part of the tube
Diameter of 1cm and 5cm length
Thin wall, folded luminal surface
Fertilization takes place within the lumen

15. FALLOPIAN OR UTERINE TUBE
Isthmus;
Rounded muscular part of fallopian tube
Narrowest part of the tube
It is 3cm long & between 1 to 5mm wide

16. FALLOPIAN OR UTERINE TUBE
Functions :
 Fertilization
 Nourishment
 Transportation

17. FALLOPIAN OR UTERINE TUBE
 Arteries
Uterine artery
Ovarian artery
 Venous drainage
Uterine veins
Ovarian veins
 Lymph drainage
Para aortic
Internal Iliac lymph node

18. FALLOPIAN TUBE OR UTERINE
TUBE
 Nerve supply
Sympathetic nerves arise from spinal ligament T10- L12
Parasympathetic nerves supply the medial half of the
tube derived from pelvic splanchnic nerves
Lateral half of the tube are derived from vagus nerves

19. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Salpingitis
 Inflammation of the fallopian tube
 Usually results from the bacterial infection
Ligation or tying
 Effective surgical method to control birth rate
 Prevents fertilization of oocytes

21. UTERUS
Location:
 Hollow , pear shaped organ
 Thick muscular wall
 Also called womb
 The uterus is about 8cm long

22. UTERUS
Parts
It is divided into 3 parts
 Fundus:
Lies above the entrance of uterine tube
 Body
Lies below the entrance of uterine tube
 Cervix
Narrow part of the uterus
It pierces the anterior wall of vagina
Two orifices:
Internal orifice to isthmus
External orifice to vagina

25. Relations
Anteriorly
 Uterovesical pouch
 Vaginal cervix
 Supravaginal cervix
Posteriorly
 Rectouterine pouch( pouch of douglas) with coils of
ileum
Laterally
 Supravaginal cervix
 Vaginal cervix

26. UTERUS
Arterial supply
Uterine artery
Ovarian artery
Venous supply
Through uterine venous plexus into internal iliac vein

27. UTERUS
Nerve supply
 Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves from
branches of inferior hypogastric plexus
 Lymph drainage
 Fundus:paraortic
 Cornu:superficial inguinal
 Body:external iliac
 Cervix : cervical lymphatics

28. HISTOLOGY
Three layers of tissues:
Mucosa(endometrium)
 Lined with simple columnar epithelium
 Contain numerous tubular glands
 Followed by cell rich connective tissue layer called
lamina propria
 From puberty to menopause, it goes extensive changes
during menstrual cycle

29. HISTOLOGY
Myometrium
 Thick layer
Comprises of three smooth muscles layers
Vascular layer
Subvascular layer
Supravascular layer
Perimetrium
 Equals the peritonium
 Surrounded by thin connective tissue layer

30. FUNCTIONS
 Implantation
 Nourishment
 Pushing out baby during birth through muscle
contraction
 Menstrual cycle

32. VAGINA
Location
 Fibromuscular tube
 Anterior wall;7.5 cm long
 Posterior wall:8 to 10 cm long
 Extends from vulva to uterus

33. Relations
Anteriorly
 Closely related to the bladder above and to urethra below
Posteriorly
 Rectouterine pouch ( pouch of douglas )
 Ampulla of rectum
 Perineal body
Laterally
Ureter
Levator ani
Urogenital diaphragm
Bulb of vestibule

35. VAGINA
Arterial supply
 Vaginal artery
 Internal iliac artery
Venous supply
 Vaginal veins form plexus around the vagina that drain
into internal iliac vein

36. VAGINA
Lymph drainage
 External iliac nodes
 Internal iliac nodes
 Superficial inguinal nodes
Nerve supply
 Inferior hypogastric plexuses

37. FUNCTION
• Not only the female genital organ
• Serves as the excretory duct for the menstrual flow
• Forms part of birth canal

38. Clinical significance
vaginitis
 Inflammation of vagina
Sexually transmitted infections (STI)
 Caused by:
 HIV
 Human papillomavirus
 Genital herpes