The document appears to be an exam for a course on Geographic Information Systems (GIS). It contains 20 multiple choice questions testing students' knowledge of key concepts in GIS including data representation, data collection techniques, spatial analysis functions, image interpretation, classification approaches, and remote sensing platforms and resolutions. The exam has two sections - a 20 question multiple choice section and a longer answer section requiring students to define terms, differentiate concepts, and apply their knowledge to examples and scenarios.

1. KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
End Semester Examination
2013
Level : BE Course : CIEG 302
Year : III Semester : I
Exam. Roll No: Time: 30 mins F.M.: 10
Registration No: Date:
SECTION “A”
[200.5=10]
1. What is the most suitable computer representation for “Air quality”?
a. TIN b. Area c. Polygon d. Point
2. Mean average temperatures (like 100
C, 200
C, 300
C) have to be represented in a map. The
measurement scale of these temperature data is…
a. Nominal b. Ordinal c. Interval d. Ratio
3. What is the name of the process that produces digital vector data using line-following
software?
a. Manual digitizing
b. Semi-automatic digitizing
c. Scanning
d. Magnetic digitizing
4. If you have to digitize geological maps with complex legend, which of the following will be
optimal digitizing technique.
a. Fully automatic digitizing
b. Semi-automatic digitizing
c. Manual digitizing
d. Magnetic digitizing
5. To visualize population density per municipality of a district in a map, the following visual
variable is suitable.
a. Value/lightness b. Colour c. Size d. Orientation
6. Measurements can be performed on both raster and vector datasets. One example of a
measurement operation is „bounding box calculation‟. Bounding boxes are:
a. Used to calculate polygon areas
b. Used to calculate distance between points on a polygon
c. Used to compute polygons intersect
d. Typically used in buffer analysis operations
7. For the parcel data given below, which is the correct relation schema for creating table in a
database?
Pid Area Perimeter Landuse Surveyed
3461 173981.47 1699.88 Industrial 12-08-2013
3467 68944.95 1063.35 Residential 24-04-2013
a. Parcel(Pid:real, Area:integer, Perimeter:real, Landuse:string, Surveyed:string)
b. Parcel(Pid:real, Area:integer, Perimeter:real, Landuse:string, Surveyed:date)
c. Parcel(Pid:integer, Area:real, Perimeter:real, Landuse:string, Surveyed:date)
d. Parcel(Pid:integer, Area:real, Perimeter:real, Landuse:string, Surveyed:date)
Marks Scored:

2. 8. The best scale indication on a map that is used for navigation in a digital environment is:
a. Fraction (e.g. 1:100.000) only
b. Fraction (e.g. 1:100.000) and scale bar.
c. Scale bar only.
d. No scale indication at all.
9. What is the name of overlay operation shown in figure below:
a. Clip b. Overwrite c. Buffer d. Mask
10. What would be a typical topological relationship for a following question? Find all the
parcels that border the road.
a. ... is disjoint from...
b. ... overlaps...
c. ... meets...
d. ... is covered by...
11. Why is photon used in EM energy?
a. To quantify the amount of energy measured by sensor
b. To characterize the wavelength and frequency of EM energy
c. To visualize the EM spectrum
d. To show relation of two bands
12. Atmospheric window lies between the following wave ranges
a. 0.4-2µm b. 3 and 5 µm c. 8-14µm d. 6-8µm
13. You make a false colour composite of three bands-NIR (red channel), Red (green channel)
and Green (blue). An area appearing red in the image corresponds to
a. Urban area
b. Vegetated area
c. Green vegetated area
d. Yellow agricultural area
14. A satellite over a geostationary orbit
a. Is stationary and does not revolve
b. Passes the equator at local time
c. Is stationary for a surface of earth
d. Is oblique to earth surface
15. In order to analyze the prefeasibility study of the hydropower development, a sensor with
follow characteristics is preferred
a. Higher temporal resolution
b. Moderate spatial resolution
c. High spatial resolution
d. Higher spectral resolution
16. Which of the following is not a method of energy scattering in the atmosphere?
a. Amalgamated scattering
b. Non-selective scattering
c. Mie scattering
d. Raleigh scattering
17. Feature space can be defined as a multidimensional
a. Plot of a pixel values at different wave band
b. Plot of different pixel values of same band
c. Plot of two pixel values at different wave band
d. None of above

3. 18. Pixels based approach of image classification uses
a. Spectral, Spatial, Contextual and Thematic information
b. Spectral and Spatial information
c. Spectral, Spatial and Contextual information
d. Spectral information
19. A context in image interpretation
a. Reduces image interpretation elements in image analysis
b. Reduces the details of object to be interpreted
c. Provides clue to restrict and implement image interpretation elements
d. Reduces data from hard disk
20. Which of the following are the distortions present in remotely sensed images
a. Radiometric b. Geometric c. Noise d. All of above

4. KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
End Semester Examination
2013
Level : BE Course : CIEG 302
Year : III Semester : I
Time : 2 hrs. 30 mins F.M. : 40
______________________________________________________________________________
SECTION “B”
Attempt all questions
1. Write advantages and disadvantages of regular tessellations and irregular tessellations. The
region quadtree is an example of an irregular tessellation. Use the 8 x 8 raster below to finish
the quadtree by placing the correct symbols in the correct position. [3+2]
2. Rasterization of vector data is sometimes required in data preparation. What reasons may
exist for this? If it is needed, the raster resolution must be carefully selected. Argue why.
[3+2]
3. What are differences between thematic map and topographic map? Describe a number of
ways in which a three-dimensional terrain can be represented on a flat map display.
[2.5+2.5]
4. Define spatial analysis. Classify and explain analytical functions of a GIS. [1+4]
5. What are the elements of visual image interpretation? How would you differentiate the
following features from image using visual image interpretation elements? These features
appear similar in image. [2+3]
a. House and road
b. Small lake and shadow
c. Forest and grassland
6. Differentiate the absolute and relative classification approach. Describe the unsupervised
classification approach. [2+3]
7. Define the spectral, spatial and temporal resolution in terms of feature representation. [5]
8. What do you understand by satellite platform? Differentiate the whiskbroom and pushbroom
scanning mechanism. [2+3]

5. Answers CIEG 302
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. C
5. A
6. C
7. D
8. C
9. B
10. C

6. 11. A
12. A
13. C
14. C
15. B
16. A
17. A
18. D
19. C
20. D