Relief shaping (1)
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The document discusses various landforms shaped by erosion and depositional processes. It describes features formed by rivers like valleys, canyons, waterfalls, and rapids as well as coastal landforms such as cliffs, beaches, barrier islands, and lagoons. Glacial landforms are also outlined including cirque and U-shaped valleys, moraines, and glacial lakes that result from the erosive power of glacial ice.
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Canyons are deep, narrow valleys that sometimes contain streams, while caves are dark, cool, and wet places that require specialized adaptations for the creatures living there. Mountains have snow at their peaks and rise sharply from the land, as volcanoes explode lava and eruptions form hard rock. Gulfs are portions of sea almost surrounded by land with a narrow opening, whereas islands are smaller than continents and completely encircled by water. Bays connect to oceans or lakes, and harbors shelter ships from storms in connected bodies of water. Cliffs are tall, steep slopes of rock or soil, and hills form from erosion and are part of raised areas of earth's crust. Glaciers contain ice and have pointed
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The work of rivers 2
Rivers erode, transport, and deposit sediment as they flow across the landscape. Erosion occurs through abrasion, attrition, hydraulic action, and solution. Sediment is transported through traction, saltation, suspension, and solution. Deposition takes place when the river's volume or speed decreases, such as when entering a lake or plain with a gentler slope. A river's erosional work shapes the terrain and depends on its volume and flow speed.
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The work of rivers 2
Rivers erode, transport, and deposit sediment as they flow across the landscape. Erosion occurs through abrasion, attrition, hydraulic action, and solution. Sediment is transported through traction, saltation, suspension, and solution. Deposition takes place when the river's volume or speed decreases, such as when entering a lake or plain with a gentler slope. A river's erosional work shapes the terrain and depends on its volume and flow speed.
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Waterfalls form where a band of hard rock lies next to soft rock in the upper course of a river. As the river passes over the hard rock, the soft rock below erodes more quickly, undercutting the hard rock. Eventually the hard rock collapses, enlarging the plunge pool beneath through abrasion. As the waterfall retreats upstream through erosion, it forms a steep-walled gorge.
Meanders form as the river's gradient evens out. On the outer bend of a meander, faster flow causes greater erosion and deepening of the channel. On the inner bend, deposition occurs, building up a shallow area called a slip-off slope.
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1) Rivers display different characteristics in their upper, middle, and lower courses. The upper course has a V-shaped valley and vertical erosion, forming waterfalls and gorges. The middle course has a wider valley and more lateral erosion forming meanders. The lower course has an even wider floodplain and well-developed meanders forming ox-bow lakes.
2) Meanders form through lateral erosion on the outside bend of rivers where current is fastest, undercutting the bank to form cliffs. Deposition occurs inside bends where current is slower, creating slip-off slopes. Over time, meander loops migrate laterally across the floodplain.
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The upper course of a river has low water volume and flows through a narrow, steep-sided V-shaped valley. It erodes vertically, forming interlocking spurs as the river is forced to swing around resistant rock outcrops. A V-shaped valley forms through vertical erosion in the river channel and weathering of valley sides, causing material to move downslope and be transported away by the river over time.
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Rivers have distinct features along their upper, middle, and lower courses. In the upper course, the river flows through a V-shaped valley with steep sides, eroding vertically. Meanders begin to form in the middle course as the river erodes more horizontally and widens the valley floor. In the lower course, the river flows through a wide, flat floodplain with features like oxbow lakes formed from abandoned meander loops.
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Waterfalls form where a band of hard rock lies next to soft rock in the upper course of a river. As the river passes over the hard rock, the soft rock below erodes more quickly, undercutting the hard rock. Eventually the hard rock collapses, enlarging the plunge pool beneath through abrasion. As the waterfall retreats upstream through erosion, it forms a steep-walled gorge.
Meanders form as the river's gradient evens out. On the outer bend of a meander, faster flow causes greater erosion and deepening of the channel. On the inner bend, deposition occurs, building up a shallow area called a slip-off slope.
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1) Rivers display different characteristics in their upper, middle, and lower courses. The upper course has a V-shaped valley and vertical erosion, forming waterfalls and gorges. The middle course has a wider valley and more lateral erosion forming meanders. The lower course has an even wider floodplain and well-developed meanders forming ox-bow lakes.
2) Meanders form through lateral erosion on the outside bend of rivers where current is fastest, undercutting the bank to form cliffs. Deposition occurs inside bends where current is slower, creating slip-off slopes. Over time, meander loops migrate laterally across the floodplain.
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Rivers change as they flow downstream from their source through three main stages - upper, middle, and lower course. In the upper course, erosion is dominant as the river has high energy and cuts into the landscape. In the middle course, transportation of sediment occurs as the river flows across flatter land. In the lower course near the river's mouth, deposition takes place as the river slows and loses energy, forming features like deltas.
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River landforms in the upper course
The upper course of a river has low water volume and flows through a narrow, steep-sided V-shaped valley. It erodes vertically, forming interlocking spurs as the river is forced to swing around resistant rock outcrops. A V-shaped valley forms through vertical erosion in the river channel and weathering of valley sides, causing material to move downslope and be transported away by the river over time.
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This document defines and describes different types of landforms. The major landforms are mountains, hills, plateaus, and plains. Minor landforms include buttes, canyons, valleys, and basins. Specifically, it defines a valley as a low area between hills or mountains formed by erosion, a plateau as a large, relatively flat highland separated from surrounding land by steep slopes, and a mountain as a highland over 600 meters above sea level. Plains are described as low areas less than 100 meters above sea level, and hills are defined as elevated areas lower than mountains.
river and its view
in this ppt you all can get all knowledge about the river and its path,and view ....
anuj yadav .....hnb garhwal university
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Large scale features accumulate on depositional coast
Large scale features accumulate on depositional coast
Similar to Relief shaping (1)
Landforms
A beach is a sandy shoreline where a body of water meets land. Dunes are ridges of sand created by wind near bodies of water. A coastline or shore is the border between land and a body of water. A delta is a deposition area where a river meets a lake or ocean, formed from sediment carried by the river. Plains are very large, flat areas of land. Plateaus are elevated, flat areas uplifted by geological forces. Canyons are deep valleys with steep sides. Valleys are low areas surrounded by higher land, often containing rivers. Volcanoes are mountains formed by lava and magma eruptions. Craters are bowl-shaped depressions on volcanoes. Floodplains
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2) Erosional landforms include sea cliffs, arches, stacks, and caves which are carved out of rock by wave action. Depositional landforms are beaches, bars, barriers and hooks built up from sediment deposited by waves and currents.
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Landforms 60 - PowerPoint - Version 2
PowerPoint has images of 60 Landforms with name and description.
PowerPoint has been spruced up from Version 1 of three years ago.
NOTE:
PowerPoint with images of 60 Landforms with JUST NAMES no descriptions at the following URL:
http://www.slideshare.net/yaryalitsa/landforms-60-no-explanations-powerpoint
TO see animation you need to download the PowerPoint.
VOCABULARY/GLOSSARY SHEET:
at URL: http://www.slideshare.net/yaryalitsa/landforms-vocabulary-60
Arch, archipelago, atoll, basin, bay, beach, blowhole, breakwater, butte, canal, canyon, cape, cataract, cave, cirque, cliffs, coast, continent, coral reefs, cove, dam, delta, desert, escarpment, fjord, fiord, forest, geyser, glacier, gulf, harbour, harbor, headland, hill, iceberg, inlet, island, isthmus, lagoon, lake, marsh, mesa, moraine, mountain, oasis, ocean, peninsula, plains, plateau, prairie, rapids, reservoir, river, sea, sea stack, steppe, strait, swamp, tombolo, valley, volcano, waterfall, land, landform, landforms,
Landforms and Regions PowerPoint
This document defines and describes various types of landforms and regions. It discusses mountains such as fault mountains and fold mountains that are formed by tectonic plate movement. It also covers plains, grasslands, deserts, forests, wetlands and bodies of water including rivers, lakes, seas and oceans. Regions described include prairies, savannas, tundra, and different forest biomes.
Naturalists at Large: Rivers watersheds
The streams found in mountains are likely young, with V-shaped valleys and steep gradients. They move fast upstream, carrying large rocks and boulders, but slow downstream where they deposit small silts and clays. This sorting process forms the soils in valleys. Grand Canyon took 1-3 million years to form as the river cut through rock. Rivers slow and widen as they approach base level, forming broad floodplains and meanders.
Year 10 geography 2nd lesson
Coastal features include sea stacks which are tall rock columns near the shore, rock platforms formed by wave action at the base of sea cliffs, and beaches deposited by waves. Other coastal features are bays surrounded by land, lagoons separated from the sea by barriers, tidal inlets connecting rivers and streams to the open ocean, sand dunes formed by wind, sea caves formed by wave erosion, rock arches with openings underneath, and blowholes which are vertical shafts connecting sea caves to the surface.
Dictionary Of Landforms Shaped By Water and water processes
The document defines various landforms shaped by water processes including:
- Rivers can form deltas where they deposit sediment as they enter seas in a triangular shape. They can also have braided channels, meanders, floodplains, and tributaries.
- Coastal landforms include bays, beaches, capes, estuaries, fjords, inlets, islands, lagoons, marshes, peninsulas, rias, spits, and tombolos.
- Other aquatic landforms are atolls, billabongs, channels, coves, gorges, lakes, ponds, streams, and wetlands.
MAJOR LANDFORMS
The document defines various landforms and features related to rivers, oceans, glaciers, and deserts. It explains that a river's source is where it originates, its mouth is where it meets another body of water, and its basin is the area drained by it and its tributaries. It also defines landforms like V-shaped valleys, meanders, ox-bow lakes, flood plains, natural levees, distributaries, and deltas. Additionally, it outlines coastal landforms including sea caves, sea arches, sea stacks, sea cliffs, beaches, and lagoons. Features of glacial and mountain environments such as the snowline, U-shaped valleys, glaciers, and mor
rivers
Rivers have several key features and landforms associated with them. Meanders are bends in the river, which typically form in the middle and lower stretches where the water flows more slowly. Tributaries are smaller streams or rivers that flow into a larger river. Deltas are small islands of deposited sediment that form where a river meets the sea or a lake as the current slows.
Geological action of river and wind.ppt
Geological action of river or Fluvial processes
The geological action of river is divided chiefly into three parts as Erosion, Transportation and Deposition.
Erosion: River erosion is mainly due to mechanical breaking down of rock fragment. The chemical action of
rivers is minimal. A wide variety of processes are involved in river erosion as follows;
a. Hydraulic action: It is the process of mechanical loosening or removal of the material by the action of the water
alone. The effectiveness of hydraulic action of a river is depends on gradient, velocity of the stream, width, depth
and shape of the channel and discharge.
b. Abrasion: The process of wearing-away of bed rock surfaces by mechanical processes such as rubbing, cutting,
scratching, grinding and polishing etc. is known as abrasion.
c. Attrition: The process of mechanical wearing and tearing of the transported rock fragments into smaller fragments
due to mutual impact and collision.
d. Cavitation: Highly turbulent rivers in rocky channels erode their beds by hydraulic plucking, in which pieces of
bed rocks are lifted out by strong eddies spiraling up around vertical axes. This sucking out of the rock pieces
produces cavities or depressions within the rock. This type of process is called cavitation.
e. Corrosion: The chemical processes of rock erosion by river water are known as corrosion or solution.
Important erosional features:
a. Potholes: These are cylindrical or bowl-like depressions in the rocky beds of streams, which are excavated in the
floors of the streams by extensive, localized abrasion. These are commonly found in softer bedrocks.
b. Water fall: These are defined as magnificent jumps made by stream or river water at certain specific parts of their
course where there is a sudden and considerable drop in the gradient of the channel.
c. River valleys: The river channel carved out by the flow of running water is commonly known as a river valley.
d. Gorges or canyons: During the river erosion, down cutting of its cannel gives rise to a deep narrow valley with
vertical or steep walls. Such a valley is termed as a gorge or canyons.
e. Escarpments: These are erosional land forms produces by rivers in regions composed of alternating beds of hard
and soft rocks. During river erosion soft rocks erode much faster than hard rocks, leaving behind steep slopes on
one side and a gentle slope on the other. The steep slope side is known as the escarpment.
Hog’s back: This is a sharp ridge like structure with high angle sides on two sides formed by harder rocks in an
inclined series of beds.
Mesa and butte: In regions of horizontal strata in which isolated portions of land is capped by a hard, erosion-
resistant bed, the erosional landforms produced will have an isolated flat-topped land area with seep sides,
commonly known as mesa. Isolated masses without flat tops are called buttes.
Transportation: A river is a most powerful agent of transportation. All the material being transported by a
Fluvial landforms
This document discusses different types of erosional and depositional landforms created by river processes. It describes landforms such as V-shaped valleys and waterfalls that are created by erosion, and floodplains and deltas that are formed by deposition. It also explains the factors that influence fluvial erosion and the formation of various erosional features like interlocking spurs, rapids, and potholes.
Coastal Features
The document describes various coastal landforms and features including estuaries, barrier islands, headlands, arches, stacks, sand dunes, salt marshes, tombolos, and wave-cut platforms. Estuaries are where fresh and salt water mix at the wide part of a river near the sea. Barrier islands are long narrow sandy islands running parallel to the shore. Arches form natural rock formations with passages underneath, and stacks remain after arch collapse. Sand dunes occur along coastal areas and deserts. Salt marshes are transitional areas between land and salty water. Tombolos connect islands to mainland or other islands. Wave-cut platforms are flat areas at the base of sea cliffs caused by wave action
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Dictionary Of Landforms Shaped By Water and water processes
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Relief shaping (1)
- 1. By Carol, Andrea, Paula and Merche
- 8. They are tall, flat-topped, steep-sided towers of rock.
- 9. A long, narrow, elevated section of the earth‘s surface, such as a chain of hills or mountains or the divide between adjacent valleys.
- 11. The erosive action of the river forms V shaped valleys
- 12. A waterfall is a place where water flows over a vertical drop in the course of a stream or river
- 13. A meander, in general, is a bend in a serpentine watercourse or river.
- 17. A canyon is a deep narrow valley with steep tall sides
- 18. Rapids are areas of fast- flowing water in a stream
- 21. A cliff is a mass of roch that rises very high and is almost vertical
- 22. It is formed by hard rocks because erosion predominates.
- 23. In the low coasts are sandy because sedimentation predominates
- 24. Is a narrow, gently sloping strip pf land that lies along the adge of an ocean or sea.
- 25. Is a deposition bar or beach landform off coast.
- 26. A tombolo is when an island is attached to the mainland by a piece of land.
- 27. Costal lagoons are sheltered by sandbars as barrier islands.
- 29. Are layers of rock or sediments that contain and circulate groundwater.
- 35. Mineral depositions by water in caves, and are usually calcareous.
- 40. Is a natural water source where there is a big slope between a mountain area and a flat area. When it suddently rains a lot, water flows through the mountain and leaves sediments in the flat part.
- 42. Is a mass of glacial ice with more than 50,000 square kilometres
- 45. A cirque glacial is formed in a cirque, a bowl-shaped depresion on the side of the near mountains.
- 46. Is a a steep-sided valley cause by glacial erosion.
- 47. Is a thin, almost knife-like, ridge of rock which is typically formed when two glaciers erode parallel U-shaped valleys
- 52. The size of coastal dunes depend on the complex interaction between controlling winds and sediments supply.