The document discusses the settlement pattern and hierarchy proposed for an irrigated colony area in Rajasthan, India based on the central place theory. It involves a 5-tier settlement hierarchy with basic villages, amenity/middle school villages, service towns, mandi towns, and regional towns. The Naurangdesar distributary area is used as a case study to demonstrate how this hierarchy was applied at the sub-area level, taking into consideration factors like existing settlements, optimal village and farm sizes, and accessibility. The proposed hierarchy aims to provide an integrated, balanced, and functionally efficient pattern of rural-urban settlements for the newly irrigated area.

1. SUBMITTED BY :-
A.POOJA (2130200133)
P. AMULYA (2130200134)
VI SEMESTER , III YEAR
B-PLANNING
SPAV

2. -
SETTLEMENT PATTERN FOR AN IRRIGATED COLONY
AN APPLICATION OF THE CENTRAL PLACE THEORY
THE “CULTIVATION OF HABITABILITY” OF A GIVEN AREA OF HUMAN
SETTLEMENT HAS BEEN THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVE IN SOME OF THE MAJOR
EXERCISES IN REGIONAL PLANNING UNDERTAKEN IN RECENT YEARS
EX :- 1.) THE NORTH – EAST POLDER DEVELOPMENT IN HOLLAND
2.) THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE JEZREEL VALLEY IN ISRAEL
3.)THE THAL PROJECT OF THE NORTHERN PUNJAB IN WESTERN
PAKISTAN.
IN THE ARID ZONE OF INDIA TOO, THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE
RAJASTHAN CANAL, RESULTING IN PIONEER PEASANT COLONIZATION
AND DEVELOPMENT, PROVIDED AN OPPORTUNITY FOR PLANNING
STUDIES OF A SIMILAR KIND.
ONE SIMILARITY IN ALL THESE REGIONAL ENTERPRISES IS THAT
THEY ENTITLED BOTH COLONIZATION OF BOTH PREVIOUSLY
UNOCCUPIED/UNDER POPULATED AREAS AND THE MORE
EFFECTIVE UTILISATION OF THEIR RESOURCE ENDOWMENTS.

3. * THEY PROVIDE
INTERESTING VARIANTS IN
PLANNING FOR INTEGRATED
DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL
AND URBAN COMMUNITIES,
A PROBLEM IN WHICH BOTH
GEOGRAPHERS AND
REGIONAL PLANNERS EVINCE
EQUAL INTEREST.
* ONE OF THE GREAT
ADVANTAGES OF PLANNING
FOR AN ALMOST A VIRGIN
AREA SUCH AS THE
“RAJASTHAN CANAL AREA”,
LAY IN THE CLEAN SLATE IT
OFFERED AND THE
UNFETTERED FREEDOM OF
CHOICE IT PERMITTED,
WHICH ENABLED THE
PLANNER TO BUILD IDEALS
AND TO TEST THE
APPLICATION OF SOME OF
THE WELL – KNOWN
THEORIES IN REGIONAL
PLANNING.
* WHILE A HIGHLY
COORDINATED, BALANCED
AND FUNCTIONALLY
EFFICIENT HIERARCHICAL
PATTERN OF SETTLEMENTS
FOR THIS AREA, THE CENTRAL
PLACE THEORY ADVOCATED
BY CHRISTALLER WAS
APPLIED WITH NECESSARY
MODIFICATIONS TO SUIT THE
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS, ECONOMY AND
SOCIETY OF THE AREA.

4. WHAT IS A SETTLEMENT HIERARCHY ?
• A settlement hierarchy is when settlements are ranked in order of size or importance.
1. CITY
4. HAMLET2. TOWN
3. VILLAGE

6. SETTLEMENT HIERARCHY
Isolated dwelling
Hamlet
Village
Town
City
Conurbation
Population
1-10
11-100
101 – 2,000
2,001 – 100,000
100,001 – 1,000,000
1,000,001 +
population
and size of
settlement
increases

7. The settlement hierarchy proposed for the area consists of
:-
1. Basic Village
2.Amenity Village/Middle School Village
3.Service Town
4.Mandi Town
5.Regional Town

8. HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS1.BASIC VILLAGE
•A village of less than 1,000 population works out to be uneconomical and a village of about 1,200
population appears to be optimum to support the basic institutions viz., a primary school, a sub-
health centre and a cooperative society.
•A village of this dimension will also be viable local self – government unit, as it could generate
adequate revenue needed to provide a minimum standard of civic amenities.
•The basic village for the area was visualized –
•To secure equity among its inhabitants in the
means of production (i.e. land in this case),
•Efficiency to the village economy and
•A sense of community among the residents.
•Its optimum size was determined by –
•Studies on optimum farm size related to the economic holdings in the region &
•The population size needed to support a certain minimum of services.
•An input – output analysis and farm management studies indicated that a 15 – acre
farm would be the optimum family holding for the area. On this basis, an optimum
village may have not more than 200 farm families (i.e. about 1000 persons).

9. 2. AMENITY VILLAGE
 Which is intended to serve a group of about 15 to 20 villages around it with essential services,
shopping facilities and cultural activities.
 This town will also have industries, but to a great extent they will be related to agriculture, such
as the repair of agricultural implements and the processing of agricultural products.
 The service Town will provide educational facilities up to the higher secondary level and will
also have a Primary Health Centre with limited accommodation for in – patient treatment.
 It will have a small shopping centre, telegraph and telephone facilities, fire station, police
station, recreational facilities such as cinema and library.
 Essentially designed to meet the felt needs of its surrounding villages, and as such, it has to
grow with its “RURAL COMMUNITY”.
 The optimum size of this town must be based on an assessment of the character of the
economy of the area, and the needs of total population of the “Community” which it serves.
 The total population that may be provided for in a service town may be between 4,000 – 5,000.
•The settlement at the second tier is an “amenity village” which assumes an elementary
Central Place function through a mid school located in it to cater to a group of 3 – 5
villages.
•The “Middle School Village” has no other social or economic significance.
•Its location is determined with regard to convenience, so that it is accessible to every
basic village within a distance of two to three miles from it.
3. SERVICE TOWN

10. 4. MANDI TOWN
 The largest – size of town in the canal tract is the “Mandi Town”, which is intended
to take care of the entire commercial and industrial needs of the area.
 While the requirement of marketing the agricultural produce of the area provides
one solid base for working out the size of a Mandi Town.
 The Gang Canal Area has 11 mandis, of which only 3, viz.. Ganganagar, Karanpur, &
Raisinghnagar may be considered as reasonable success.
TO CLOSE A PROXIMITY TO EACH
OTHER
LACK OF RAILWAY AND ROAD
TRANSPORT FACILITIES
LOSS OF HINTERLAND LACK OF ADEQUATE HINTERLAND
THE REASONS FOR THE
FAILURE OF OTHER
MANDIS ARE

11. TO ENSURE SUCCESS, THE NEW MANDIS PLANNED FOR AREA SHOULD BE :-
 Inter – town distance studies of mandi centres in the Gang Canal Area indicate that
a distance of about 20 miles would ensure a successful growth of these towns.
 The mandis of the area should have a population size of at least 20,000 or more.
 The mandi towns of the area must, therefore be built in stages, so that their
development would keep pace with the overall economic growth of the area.
SERVED BY COMMUNICATIONS
LOCATED SUFFICIENTLY IN THE “INTERIOR”, I.E. AWAY FROM
THE INTERNATIONAL BORDER SO THAT NO EXTRA –
TERRITORIAL LINKS COULD DEVELOP.
SPACED SUFFICIENTLY FAR APART FROM ONE
ANOTHER, SO AS TO ENSURE ADEQUATE
HINTERLAND, WHILE PROVIDING A REASONABLE
ACCESS FOR THE VILLAGES.

12. 5. REGIONAL TOWN
 The 27-mile-wide strip of the Rajasthan Can Area which adjoins the Indo-Pakistan border is, therefore, ruled out
for the Possible location of any Regional Town.
 Defence considerations suggest that no big town should be located at less than a distance of 50 miles from the
international border.
At the apex of the hierarchy is conceived as the administrative, economic and cultural focus of the region and would contain all the
integrative elements to bind this centre and its constituent units into a functional unit.
 The Regional Town for the area must, therefore, be located outside the Canal Command area at “growing
points” of the economy.
 Thus any planning for the Rajasthan Canal Region must not merely seek to lay down the guidelines
for the growth of new settlements in the “Canal Tract” but must also strive to tie up such
developments with the existing settlements outside this area, by promoting functional linkages.
 The “Canal Tract” which is the potential area for the growth of new settlements has a gross
command area of more than 10,000sq.miles.
 Under assumptions of full development of the irrigation potential, it is expected to
support a total population of 20 lakhs.
 The settlement pattern for the irrigated colony may consist of 6 Mandi towns,
350 Middle school villages and 1000 basic villages.
 Four Regional Towns may also be outside the “Canal tract” to serve as
the administrative, economic and cultural foci of the region.

13. NAURANGDESAR DISTRIBUTARY AREA – A CASE STUDY ON
SUB-AREA LEVEL PLANNING
Rajasthan Canal Region : Settlement pattern

14.  First distribution channel part of the Rajasthan Canal system.
 Long: 24.6 miles
 Distributary area : Irregular rhombus to the south of the Bhakra area(gross area – 1,01,000
acres including 67,000 acres of cultivable command area & 34,000 acres of uncommand area.
 Canal composition : canal feeder : 26.4 miles
 Harike barrage(Punjab) : 110 miles(run without irrigation)
 Rajasthan : 23 miles
 Irrigation potential : 1.87 % of the total for the Rajasthan Canal system.
 PHASES : 1970-1971 – non-perennial irrigation stage – intensity of irrigation is 40 % kharif &
20 % rabi.
 Perennial stage – intensity of irrigation planned is 78%(33 % kharif & 45 % rabi.)
 DEVELOPMENT OF AREAS TOTAL IRRIGATION IS EXPECTED TO TAKE
ABOUT 10 YEARS AFTER THE ADVENT OF IRRIGATION IN 1961.
 Carrying capacity of the area : 26,100 agricultural population
8,700 non-agricultural population
34,800 total population(1971)
 Proposals : 1. Two service areas ( at Naurangdesar and the other in a new location)
2. No mandi towns ( as the area already have good mandi centres)
Ex. Of mandi towns – Suratgarh ( 8 miles to the west)
Rawatsar (2 miles to the south)
Pilibanga (2 miles away from the area)
Hanumangarh ( 8 miles to the north)

15. 3.Proposed basic villages (already existing ones 15 – population of 2000)
6 – population of 1000-2000)
6 – population of less than 1000)
4. Relocation of 3 hamlets( having hundreds population)
PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOLLOWED WHILE LOCATING NEW BASIC
VILLAGES :
1. The boundaries of the villages were made to coincide with the existing chak system
2. The distance of place of work was considered very rigidly – villagers should not walk not
more than 1.25 to 1.5 miles to work place.
3. All new locations were located about 4 to 5 furlongs away from the canal – In order to
reduce the water pollution.
The new basic villages proposed – 22 but by including existing villages, the total number of
villages proposed are 37 ( 9 MIDDLE SCHOOL VILLAGES AND 2 SERVICE TOWNS)
OUTCOME:
Avg . Distance between the Middle School Villages and basic village – 2 to 3 miles
Avg . Distance between the service town and basic village – 5 to 6 miles.

16. HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS is important as the
order of importance is usually based on the
following parameters which are very useful in
planning an area without any issues in future :
• The area and population of the settlement (size).
• The range and number of services/functions
within each settlement.
• The relative sphere of influence of each
settlement.
CONCLUSION