The document discusses the key ideas and events of the Renaissance and Reformation periods in Europe. It notes that the Renaissance began in Italy in the 14th century as a rebirth of classical Greek and Roman ideas and values that emphasized humanism and individualism. Wealthy Italian city-states like Florence and Venice were centers of art and learning due to their prosperous trade. The new ideas of the Renaissance then spread to other parts of Europe. The Reformation began as a religious movement led by Martin Luther that questioned Catholic Church practices and corruption and led to the establishment of Protestantism in the 16th century.

1. RENAISSANCE &

2. RENAISSANCE
 “Rebirth”
 Artistic movement in Europe
from 1300-1600
 Starts in Italy
 New ways of thinking about art
and the world
 Revived classical ideas of
Greece and Rome

3. HUMANISM
 Focus on humans and their potential for
achievement
 Well-rounded people
 Importance of the individual
 How was this different from thinking
during the Middle Ages?

4. WHY ITALY?
 Wealthy cities
 Florence, Milan, Venice
 Trade routes between Europe & Asia went through northern Italy
 Wealthy merchants became patrons of the arts

5. ADVANCES IN THE ARTS
 Perspective gives art depth & realism
 Bright colors & broad strokes
 Large domes for churches
 Writers focus on real-life

8. RENAISSANCE SPREADS
 English and French monarchs support the arts
 Artistic achievement a source of pride

9. THE PRINTING PRESS
 Johann Gutenberg
 Mid-1400s; Germany
 Prints complete version of Bible in 1455
 500 books in 5 months

10. THE RENAISSANCE: WAS IT A THING?
 Only the upper classes were involved
 Most lower and middle class people lived as they
always had
 New ideas did not reach the poor

11. THE REFORMATION
 Movement of the 1500s to change the Roman Catholic
Church
 Starts in Germany
 Protestant Reformation
 Questioning of church practices and church corruption

12. THE GREAT SCHISM

13. CHURCH CORRUPTION
 Church owns 1/5 of all land in Europe
 Most Europeans pay taxes to the Church
 Selling of indulgences

14. MARTIN LUTHER
 German monk
 Concerned about
indulgences
 Catholic church a
corruption of the
Christian religion

15. 95 THESES
 Bible the only source of religious truth
 People do not need clergy to interpret the Bible
 Salvation through faith only

16. CHURCH REACTION
 Pope Leo X & HRE
Charles V threaten to
punish if Luther does not
retract
 Luther joins with others to
continue his reform efforts

17. PEACE OF AUGSBURG

18. CALVINISM
 French reformer
 Predestination:
 Christians can do nothing to
earn salvation

19. CHURCH OF ENGLAND
 King Henry VIII wants a
divorce
 Pope will not grant
 King starts Church of England
(Anglican)
 Rejects power of the pope

20. COUNTER-REFORMATION
Council of Trent (1545-1563)
 Truth comes from Bible &
Church tradition
The Jesuits
 Founded by Ignatius of Loyola
(1530s)
 Obedience and discipline
 Inspired by Thomas Aquinas

21. COUNTER-REFORMATION
The Inquisition
 Court to find and punish those who stray from
Catholic teachings
 Intimidate and torture people to confess sins
 Pope creates list of banned books to be burned
 Outlaws non-Latin translations of Bible
 Only clergy allowed to read Bible

22. CHRISTIANITY SPREADS
Catholic Missionaries
 Franciscans – St. Francis of Assisi
 Dominicans – Dominic of Osma

23. LEGACY OF REFORMATION
 Religious wars between Catholics
& Protestants
 Protestant belief in self-governing
churches
 Influence American government