The document describes developments in Europe during the medieval period from the 11th-15th centuries. It discusses improvements to farming technology that allowed increased food production and population growth. This led to migration to new lands and towns. Trade also recovered which expanded economies. At the same time, monarchies grew more powerful through expanding territories via war and alliances. This weakened their dependence on feudal lords and increased conflicts with the Catholic Church and other kingdoms like the Hundred Years War. In the 14th century, a demographic and economic crisis occurred due to overpopulation, famine from crop failures and plague epidemics, leading to social unrest and peasant revolts. Urban culture continued developing with new Gothic architectural styles used for cathedrals,
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
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2. Improvements after 11th century
From the old Roman
plough…
Very light, not useful
for hard soils…
To the new
Norman plough…
Stronger, easy to
carry by beasts…
11. Cultivated lands and river.
Every town needed access
to water and food supply.
These lands have been cultivated
from 11th century onwards.
12. ROMAN PAST
Most of the medieval
European cities
were old
Roman towns, but
not all. .
Cáceres, Arco del Cristo
13. WALLS AND GATES.
They were very important in most of the towns,
In case of war or siege. In peacetime, the gates
Were locked after sunset.
14. SQUARE AND UPPER DISTRICT
The main square in the
town was the place where
the most remarkable events
Took place: the market and the
Celebration of religious acts
15. URBAN CONVENTS
The church started to live
In towns, in the way of new
Convents, hospitals, parish
Churches…
San Pablo, 15th century
17. But in the end
Of Middle Age
they lost their
Military appearance
And became more
Luxurious.
18. JEWISH QUATIER
(judería de Cáceres)
Medieval towns created
Districts for minorities
Like Muslims and
Jews.
19. CRAFTSMEN and GUILDS
with the same activity
used to live and work
in the same street, sometimes
out of the walls.
20. CITY COUNCIL & TOWNHALL
Every town had his own council and townhall,
And won independence from feudal lords.
21. URBAN PRIVILEGES AND LAWS, COUNCILS.
Medieval towns had their own laws, so citizens
were free from feudal lords. Kings granted and protected these laws.
FUEROS DE CÁCERES
13th century (1230)
22. These are some of the medieval
laws from Cáceres (13th century)
23. The rise of monarchies: causes.
MONARCHIES
Have more
power because…
The rise of the
bourgeoisie
(burguesía).
The economic growth.
They expanded their territories.
By wars By familiar alliances
More taxes,
More economic
power
24. The rise of monarchies:
consequences.
MONARCHIES
Now…
Fight
between
empire and
papacy
Were not so
dependent from
feudal lords.
Start to fight for
privileges and
power against the
church.
They start to fight
against other
Kingdoms.
Hundred
years war
PARLIAMENTS
- Third estate
- Nobility
- Church
37. THE CRISIS OF THE LATE
MIDDLE AGE
• CAUSES
Too much
population
+
Agriculture
stagnation
-
Less food -
Weaker
population DISEASES:
THE PLAGUE
BAD CROPS:
CLIMATE CHANGE
DEMOGRAPHIC
CRISIS
42. The crisis of the late Middle
Age (14th century)
DEMOGRAPHIC
CRISIS
ECONOMIC
CRISIS
CONSEQUENCES
COLD CLIMATE
FALL IN PRODUCTION
LESS TRADE
MORE WARS
SOCIAL UNREST
(RIOTS)
PEASANTS REVOLTS
(JACQUERIE)
TENSION IN CITIES
ANTI JEWISH RIOTS
49. Romanesque and gothic churchs
have the same structure
(cross-shape) and same parts
(apse, naive, facade, towers, transept)
Gothic churches are higher than
Romanesque style.
They used to be more luminous
Than the earlier ones, and
They use new elements, like pointed arch
Leiden, Holland
