The document discusses various terms that can be related to the concept of "monarchy" in the Modern Age, including authoritarian, democratic, powerful, weak, controlled by nobles, nobility in rebellion, and bureaucracy. It also asks what terms can be linked to the monarchy and provides potential Spanish terms like authoritarian, democratic, more taxes, royal armies, ruled by nobles, inquisition, and peasant uprisings.

1. Which words can be related to
“monarchy” in the Modern Age?
• Authoritarian
• Democratic Powerful
• Strong More taxes
• Weak Strong armies
• Controlled by nobles Feudal armies
• Nobles under control Inquisition
• Bureaucracy Nobility rebellions
• Weak bourgeoisie Rising bourgeoisie

2. ¿Con qué palabras podemos
vincular la monarquía?
• Autoritaria Tolerante
• Democrática Poderosa
• Fuerte Más impuestos
• Débil Ejércitos reales
• Controlada por nobles Ejércitos nobles
• Nobles sometidos Inquisición
• Burocracia Rebeliones nobles
• Levantamientos campesinos

3. • ¿Qué significa la palabra
“estado nacional”?
• Does everyone speak the same
language?

4. • ¿Qué significa la palabra
“estado nacional”?
• ¿Hablamos una misma lengua?
• ¿Compartimos un espacio
común?
• ¿Hay un control del territorio
por fuerzas del orden?

5. Time arrow
1504-1516
Fernando
El católico
regency
1516-1519
Cardinal
Cisneros
Regency
1519-1556
Carlos I
de España
AUSTRIAS MAYORES
1556-1598
Felipe II
AUSTRIAS MENORES
1598-1621
Felipe III
1621-1665
Felipe IV
1665-1700
Carlos II
Renaissance Counter-Reformation Barroque
Humanisme “Siglo de Oro”
16th century 17th century
Rise and political
hegemony
bankruptcy
Decadence
and fall
Rocroi
Pavía Lepanto 1640
Sucession
war

6. XVI XVII
Política
Hegemonía
Expansión en Europa.
Creación del imperio
americano.
Crisis.
Derrota
Caída de la
influencia española
frente a Francia.
Economía y
sociedad
Expansión comercial
Aumento demográfico
Crisis al final de siglo
Inflación.
Crisis demográfica
social.
Bancarrotas.
Cultura Renacimiento
Humanismo
Contrarreforma
Barroco

7. 16th century: Carlos V Felipe II

8. The domains of Charles I Of
Spain and V of Germany
Isabel
La Católica
Fernando
El católico
Felipe el hermoso
Felipe el hermoso
1521: emperor of Germany
1519: King of Spain

11. The main conflicts
• Comuneros and Germanías (civil war)
• France (defeated at Pavía, 1525)
• Turkish Empire and pirates from North
Africa
• The protestants in Germany (Mühlberg,
1547)
• The creation of the American Empire
(Cortés and Pizarro)
• The cost of the war: Bankruptcy.

13. Civil War: comunidades and
Germanías
At the
Beginning
Of Charles I
Reign, there was
Internal opposition.
Charles was seen as
A foreigner without
Any interest in Spain,
But as a source to
Collect taxes for their
Campaign.
Execution of Padilla
And Maldonado

14. The civil war: Villalar
The comuneros
Were defeated
At Villalar in 1521
Castilla y Leon still
Celebrates this
Date: April 23th
Villalar, Valladolid, 2013

15. Question: You are Francois I.
How do you feel about your position in relation with Spanish territories?
Time: 1´

16. The great enemy
Charles I
Of Spain
Francis I
Of France

17. Control español
(dominios
aragoneses)
Conquista de
Milán

18. Pavía y “los tercios””
En 1525 ocurrió una gran batalla en la que el mismísimo rey
de Francia fue tomado prisionero. Ese fue el comienzo de la
superioridad castellana en Europa frente al enemigo francés.

19. Tercios,
The elite
Soldiers
In the
XVI
Century.

20. BARBARROJA
BARBARROJA
LA AMENAZA BERBERISCA Y TURCA

21. The war against the Muslims
Spain run a
War against
The Muslims
As a continuation
Of Reconquest.
The Muslim pirates
in North Africa still
attacked the
Spanish coast
and Charles I prepared
Military campaigns
In Tunez and Argel
War at Tunez, 1535

22. The war against the Muslims
War at Tunez, 1535

23. Question: name of the capital where Muslims were
defeated (30´´)

25. The war against the Protestants
Charles I was a fervient Catholic, so when Luther started his Reform,
He met the monk in Spira and Worms, forbidding him to break with the Church.

26. Mühlberg
Finally there was
a war,
And the Protestants
Were defeated
at Mülhberg (1547).
However, the problem
Went on and part
Of Germany became
Protestant.

30. V.-The conquest and
colonisation of America
Méjico: Name of the Empire Indian ruler/Spanish
conqueror
Perú: Name of the Empire Indian ruler/Spanish
conqueror
Time: 1´

31. The conquest and colonisation
of America
Méjico: Aztecan Empire Moctezuma/Cortés
Perú: Incan Empire Atahualpa /Pizarro

32. The American conquest
The
Conquest of
America
Had a turning
Point in
1521 with
The fall of
The Aztecan
empire, by
The troops
Of Hernan
Cortés

33. What did the Castilian people
want to find in America?
Why did Castilian people
migrate to America?

34. Why was the American conquest
so easy for the Spanish troops? (3 at
least)

35. 1.- The Spanish technological hegemony
(gunpowder, horses, armours).
2.- The ambition of the conquerors.
3.- Internal problems of the Indians (civil wars)
and even tragic epidemics (brought by Europeans).
4.- The religious interest.
Why was the American conquest
so easy for the Spanish troops?

36. The American Empire in 1550
PIZARRO
CORTÉS

37. The consequences in Extremadura
Pizarro’s
Palace
In Trujillo,
XVIth century

38. Final consequences: bankruptcy

39. The end: retirement at Yuste.

41. Society and culture
Charles I
• Economical expansion
Wool trade and America
Strong cultural impact
Flandes Italy
Humanism Renaissance

42. FELIPE II
(1556-1598)

43. Why are there so many tapestries in the walls
of the palaces?
Conquista de Túnez
Carlos I

44. Madrid, capital under Felipe II

45. Does this picture tell you
anything about Felipe II?

46. Felipe II, a much more
Spanish ruler
• He was born in Valladolid.
• His native language was Castilian.
• He didn´t become Holy Roman Empire.
• He made Madrid his capital and built El
Escorial as a royal residence.

47. Felipe II, a much more
Spanish ruler
• He was born in Valladolid.
• His native language was Castilian.
• He didn´t become Holy Roman Empire.
• He made Madrid his capital and built El
Escorial as a royal residence.

48. Policies in Spain
• Defence of Catholicism (group 1)
• The revolt of the moriscos (group 2)
• Unrest in Aragón (group 3)

49. Policies in Spain
Objective: defence of Catholicism
Inquisition isolation
Purity of blood
Revolt of the moriscos
Alpujarras 1568

50. Policies in Spain
Objective: more authoritarian monarchy
Less rights in other kingdoms
Unrest in Aragón
Antonio Pérez

53. Policies in Europe
Objectives: a) defence of Catholicism
b) stronger power in Europe
France
San Quintín
Turkish Empire
Lepanto
The Netherlands
Independence
England
Invincible Armada
Portugal
Alcántara

55. San Quintín (1557)

56. Lepanto (1571)

57. Lepanto (1571)

58. 1580-1640
Felipe was Isabel de Portugal´s son

60. «Batalla sr. don Antonio, nombrado rey de Portugal y el Duque de Alba

61. The Felipe II world empire

63. The Netherlands
Independence
• Causes Opposition to high taxes
Calvinism
The Northern provinces: independence
The Southern (Belgium and
Luxembourg ) under Spanish rule
Consequences

64. Independence of Netherlands
(1579)
Belgium and Luxembourg under
Spain.

65. Flandes: the begining of the Dutch
independence war (1570-1648)

66. Spanish influence in Holland and the world:
Saint Niklas (santa Claus)
The influence in
Popular legends
reachs the
Christmas holidays.
San Nicolás (the
First Santa klaus) was
a Spanish
Bishop coming from
The south with toys
And presents
for the children.
It’s on December
5th.

67. And bad legends…

68. The “invencible” (1588)

69. The American Empire in 1550
PIZARRO
CORTÉS

70. • The American conquest was over.
• Explotation.
• Consequences:
a) Affluence of silver: inflation
b) Relation America-Spain
c) The trade America-Spain

71. Casa de Contratación de Indias
(Sevilla)

72. Archivo de Indias
(Sevilla)

74. Silver mines
Inflation
New
products
Trade
Economic consequences

76. https://www.ecb.europa.eu/ecb/educational/pricestab/html/index.es.html

77. Government in America
• Viceroys
• Governors
• Councils: Alcaldes mayores,
Corregidores.
• Audiencias

78. Two important Istitutions
• Casa de Contratación
• Consejo de Indias.

79. Society

82. The 17th century in Spain:
Economical crisis:
Bad crops + Conscription
+ diseases + emigration + taxes
=
Fall of population.
Fall of trade
Decadence of Castille

83. What is the causal order for this
sequence?
• Enfermedades / Emigración / menos
producción agrícola / malas cosechas /
caída del comercio /leva para guerras /
Caída de la población / impuestos

84. • Fall of population: Why? 4 reasons
• Fall of the trade activity. Why?
Wars: are they positive for the trade?
Inflation? Competition of cheaper
products?
• Social biases: Which one?
• The political context

86. •http://elrincondequevedo.blogspot.com.es/2012/
04/la-espana-del-siglo-xvii.html

87. The society
One obsession
Purity of blood

88. The society
• The nobility:
and church: attractive for the poorest
work titles
Purity of
blood

89. The society
• The bourgeoisie: wiped out
titles
crisis

90. The society
• Peasants and pueblo llano: worst
conditions
Taxes
Villages
depopulated
Beggars
thieves

92. The “Austrias Menores”
Felipe III Felipe IV Carlos II
The Austrias Menores
Were weaker than
Charles I and Felipe II
They neglected their
Duties as rulers and
Were easily manipulated
By their ministers.

93. Los validos de España
The “validos”
Were
Prime ministers
Representing
The interests
of the crown.
However, they
Used to be
Corrupted and
Concerned only
To their own
Interests.

97. The 17th century: the politics

98. Felipe III
• Valido: Duque de Lerma
• Bankruptcy
• Expulsión de los moriscos
(1609)
• Peaceful period with
Holland and France.

99. Felipe III
- Internal policy:
- Expulsion of the Moriscos
(1609) with awful consequences
for the economy and agriculture
(silk).
- Corrupted “Validos” (Lerma)
-External policies:
Truces (treguas) with Holland.
Peace during most of the years.

100. Felipe IV
• Valido: Conde Duque de
Olivares.
• Spanish defeat in Europe:
The 30 years war
Rocroi
Peace of Westfalia.
• 1640 Uprising

101. Felipe IV
-Internal policy.
Increasing authoritarism
“Unión de armas”: all the kingdoms
Should join Castilla in the European
War, with more taxes and forced
conscription.
-Rebellion of 1640:
After the first defeats in the European
War, Naples, Catalonia and Portugal
Started a rebellion against the
Monarchy
Portugal won the independence from
Castilla after a few years.

102. The 30 year war.
In the beginning
It was a religion war
Catholics against
Protestants.
After 1640, the war
Was not only for
Religious reasons:
It was a war for the
Hegemony of Europe
France against Spain.

103. Victory in Breda (1620)
The first stages of war
Were won by the Austrias.

104. To the defeat of Rocroi (1643)
After the entering of
France in the war, the Spanish
Armies suffered several defeats
That end in the Peace of
Westfalia.

105. The end:
Peace of Pirineos (1659)
Spain lost the war.
Felipe IV
Louis XIV

106. http://www.rtve.es/alacarta/videos/mem
oria-de-espana/memoria-espana-
decadencia-politica-siglo-oro/868381/

107. 1640 uprisings.
Unión de Armas: Castilla
Was exhausted and
Demand more taxes and
Men to the other kingdoms.

108. Uprisings in 1640
«Revuelta de los
Segadores»
in Cataluña
Against taxes and
conscription

109. For the parties searching the independence of Cataluña,
this is the first moment of an uprising against Spain.

110. Carlos II

111. After Charles II’s death, leaving no sons, there is
War between Austria and France to decide who will
Be the next king of Spain, the Habsburgs or the Borbons.

112. The Peace of Utretch (1713)