This document provides guidelines for referencing and citing sources using the APA (American Psychological Association) style. It includes information on formatting reference lists, citing sources in text, and examples of how to reference different source types such as books, journal articles, web pages, and more. Key elements such as author names, publication dates, titles, and publisher information are outlined.
Running head TITLE OF PAPER1TITLE OF PAPER5Title .docxtoltonkendal
Running head: TITLE OF PAPER 1
TITLE OF PAPER 5
Title of Your Essay
Your Name
Course Number & Title
Instructor's Name
Month, Day, Year
Title of Your Essay
Start the first paragraph here. It should introduce your reader to the subject you are writing about, as well as your particular position or claim. To learn more about what an introduction should include and what to include in a conclusion, please see the following resource: Introductions & Conclusions. Please read about thesis statements on our Ashford Writing Center website: Thesis Statements. Other helpful tools on our website are the Thesis Generator and Moving from Prompt to Thesis.
The Writing Process
Spend time planning your paper. Before you can create your first paragraph, consider these “pre-writing” tips. A good practice is to brainstorm ideas and decide how to express the main idea or thesis. Once you have a rough idea of what you want to say or argue, create an outline or list to help you organize the evidence you plan to present. For longer papers, include sub-headings or levels of heading. You can use this template to help you format your paper.
Writing the Body Paragraphs
Each paragraph of your assignment should be clear and easy to follow. We have several good resources to help you write a strong paragraph, such as How to Write a Good Paragraph and the P.I.E. Paragraph Structure.
Using Citations Correctly
In addition to being well-written, each paragraph should include an in-text citation to all ideas, references, or quotations that are from outside sources and research. The Ashford Writing Center provides many resources to help you follow correct citation style (primarily APA) and gives lessons and examples of how to paraphrase and cite sources. The APA Key Elements page is a good place to start.
Using Tables, Graphs, Images, and Appendices
For some papers and reports, you may choose to add a table, graph, or image
within the body of the draft. Or you may choose to include an appendix at the end of your paper. These can help to provide a visual representation of data or other information that you wish to relay to your reader. Follow this guidance to understand when and how to use these features.
References
The following are commonly used references. Please fill in the required information, and if you need more help, see the AWC References page. References are listed in alphabetical order.
Ashford Textbook (Online edition): *
Author, A. (Year published). Title of book: Subtitle of book (edition, if other than the first) [Electronic version]. Retrieved from from URL
Example:
Witt, G. A., & Mossler, R. A. (2010). Adult development and life assessment [Electronic version]. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/books/4
Online Journal Article (such as from the Ashford Library):**
Author, A. (Year Published). Article title. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), page range. doi:# or Retrieved from journal’s homepage URL
**When including a UR ...
8620 Spectrum Center Blvd.
San Diego, CA 92123
FORBES SCHOOL OF BUSINESS
STYLE STANDARDS
These standards are excerpted from the 6th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association, published in 2010. These standards are intended to provide an overview of APA formatting necessary for
the Forbes School of Business, writing assignments.
Standard 1: Manuscript Elements
o Manuscript Format
Left, top, bottom, and right margins should be 1 inch.
Paper is prepared in Times New Roman, 12-point font and is double-spaced throughout.
Page numbers are Arabic numerals in the upper right corner of each page, ½ inch from the
top, and are consecutive from the title page through any appendices.
Preliminary pages contain numbers in lowercase Roman numerals.
o Title Page
Requirements (in order):
A Running Head
The phrase “Running head: YOUR TITLE” appears on first page (i.e. Title
Page) in the header. All subsequent pages contain YOUR TITLE, but do
not include the words “Running head,” which is only for the title page.
The running head needs to be left justified and on the same line as the page
number throughout the document.
The running head can be the title of the manuscript or a shortened version
of it.
Title
The title should concisely reflect the main idea of the manuscript.
The title should be typed with initial capitalizations for nouns, pronouns,
verbs, adjectives, and any prepositions five or more letters in length.
The title should be centered between the left and right margins, and
positioned in the upper half of the page.
Recommended title length: no more than 12 words.
Student Name
Course Name and Number
Instructor
Submission Date: Month Date, Year
Abstract
An abstract is a brief comprehensive summary of the contents of the manuscript and
it allows readers to survey the contents of the manuscript quickly.
An abstract should only be included if the manuscript is longer than 15-double
spaced pages, excluding the title page and reference list page.
Abstract length should range from 150–250 words.
The abstract should be the second page of the manuscript (after the title page).
The label Abstract should appear with initial capitalization and lowercase letters,
centered, at the top of the page, like a title.
8620 Spectrum Center Blvd.
San Diego, CA 92123
The abstract should be a single paragraph without paragraph indentation.
The Introduction
Begins on a new page (page 2 [or page 3 if an abstract is included]) and the full title
of the paper is centered one inch from the top of the page with initial capitalizations
and lowercase letters (not underlined, boldfaced, or italicized) and is double-spaced
above the first paragraph of text.
A manuscript must open with an introduction that presents the thesis, the statement
of purpose, the argument, or the specifi.
Running head TITLE OF PAPER1TITLE OF PAPER5Title .docxtoltonkendal
Running head: TITLE OF PAPER 1
TITLE OF PAPER 5
Title of Your Essay
Your Name
Course Number & Title
Instructor's Name
Month, Day, Year
Title of Your Essay
Start the first paragraph here. It should introduce your reader to the subject you are writing about, as well as your particular position or claim. To learn more about what an introduction should include and what to include in a conclusion, please see the following resource: Introductions & Conclusions. Please read about thesis statements on our Ashford Writing Center website: Thesis Statements. Other helpful tools on our website are the Thesis Generator and Moving from Prompt to Thesis.
The Writing Process
Spend time planning your paper. Before you can create your first paragraph, consider these “pre-writing” tips. A good practice is to brainstorm ideas and decide how to express the main idea or thesis. Once you have a rough idea of what you want to say or argue, create an outline or list to help you organize the evidence you plan to present. For longer papers, include sub-headings or levels of heading. You can use this template to help you format your paper.
Writing the Body Paragraphs
Each paragraph of your assignment should be clear and easy to follow. We have several good resources to help you write a strong paragraph, such as How to Write a Good Paragraph and the P.I.E. Paragraph Structure.
Using Citations Correctly
In addition to being well-written, each paragraph should include an in-text citation to all ideas, references, or quotations that are from outside sources and research. The Ashford Writing Center provides many resources to help you follow correct citation style (primarily APA) and gives lessons and examples of how to paraphrase and cite sources. The APA Key Elements page is a good place to start.
Using Tables, Graphs, Images, and Appendices
For some papers and reports, you may choose to add a table, graph, or image
within the body of the draft. Or you may choose to include an appendix at the end of your paper. These can help to provide a visual representation of data or other information that you wish to relay to your reader. Follow this guidance to understand when and how to use these features.
References
The following are commonly used references. Please fill in the required information, and if you need more help, see the AWC References page. References are listed in alphabetical order.
Ashford Textbook (Online edition): *
Author, A. (Year published). Title of book: Subtitle of book (edition, if other than the first) [Electronic version]. Retrieved from from URL
Example:
Witt, G. A., & Mossler, R. A. (2010). Adult development and life assessment [Electronic version]. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/books/4
Online Journal Article (such as from the Ashford Library):**
Author, A. (Year Published). Article title. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), page range. doi:# or Retrieved from journal’s homepage URL
**When including a UR ...
8620 Spectrum Center Blvd.
San Diego, CA 92123
FORBES SCHOOL OF BUSINESS
STYLE STANDARDS
These standards are excerpted from the 6th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association, published in 2010. These standards are intended to provide an overview of APA formatting necessary for
the Forbes School of Business, writing assignments.
Standard 1: Manuscript Elements
o Manuscript Format
Left, top, bottom, and right margins should be 1 inch.
Paper is prepared in Times New Roman, 12-point font and is double-spaced throughout.
Page numbers are Arabic numerals in the upper right corner of each page, ½ inch from the
top, and are consecutive from the title page through any appendices.
Preliminary pages contain numbers in lowercase Roman numerals.
o Title Page
Requirements (in order):
A Running Head
The phrase “Running head: YOUR TITLE” appears on first page (i.e. Title
Page) in the header. All subsequent pages contain YOUR TITLE, but do
not include the words “Running head,” which is only for the title page.
The running head needs to be left justified and on the same line as the page
number throughout the document.
The running head can be the title of the manuscript or a shortened version
of it.
Title
The title should concisely reflect the main idea of the manuscript.
The title should be typed with initial capitalizations for nouns, pronouns,
verbs, adjectives, and any prepositions five or more letters in length.
The title should be centered between the left and right margins, and
positioned in the upper half of the page.
Recommended title length: no more than 12 words.
Student Name
Course Name and Number
Instructor
Submission Date: Month Date, Year
Abstract
An abstract is a brief comprehensive summary of the contents of the manuscript and
it allows readers to survey the contents of the manuscript quickly.
An abstract should only be included if the manuscript is longer than 15-double
spaced pages, excluding the title page and reference list page.
Abstract length should range from 150–250 words.
The abstract should be the second page of the manuscript (after the title page).
The label Abstract should appear with initial capitalization and lowercase letters,
centered, at the top of the page, like a title.
8620 Spectrum Center Blvd.
San Diego, CA 92123
The abstract should be a single paragraph without paragraph indentation.
The Introduction
Begins on a new page (page 2 [or page 3 if an abstract is included]) and the full title
of the paper is centered one inch from the top of the page with initial capitalizations
and lowercase letters (not underlined, boldfaced, or italicized) and is double-spaced
above the first paragraph of text.
A manuscript must open with an introduction that presents the thesis, the statement
of purpose, the argument, or the specifi.
I also have another version of APA citation guide here: http://www.slideshare.net/littlenotestoshare/apa-style-citation-guide-samples go take a look and see which one suits you the most :)
8620 Spectrum Center Blvd. San Diego, CA 92123 .docxransayo
8620 Spectrum Center Blvd.
San Diego, CA 92123
FORBES SCHOOL OF BUSINESS
STYLE STANDARDS
These standards are excerpted from the 6th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association, published in 2010. These standards are intended to provide an overview of APA formatting necessary for
the Forbes School of Business, writing assignments.
Standard 1: Manuscript Elements
o Manuscript Format
Left, top, bottom, and right margins should be 1 inch.
Paper is prepared in Times New Roman, 12-point font and is double-spaced throughout.
Page numbers are Arabic numerals in the upper right corner of each page, ½ inch from the
top, and are consecutive from the title page through any appendices.
Preliminary pages contain numbers in lowercase Roman numerals.
o Title Page
Requirements (in order):
A Running Head
The phrase “Running head: YOUR TITLE” appears on first page (i.e. Title
Page) in the header. All subsequent pages contain YOUR TITLE, but do
not include the words “Running head,” which is only for the title page.
The running head needs to be left justified and on the same line as the page
number throughout the document.
The running head can be the title of the manuscript or a shortened version
of it.
Title
The title should concisely reflect the main idea of the manuscript.
The title should be typed with initial capitalizations for nouns, pronouns,
verbs, adjectives, and any prepositions five or more letters in length.
The title should be centered between the left and right margins, and
positioned in the upper half of the page.
Recommended title length: no more than 12 words.
Student Name
Course Name and Number
Instructor
Submission Date: Month Date, Year
Abstract
An abstract is a brief comprehensive summary of the contents of the manuscript and
it allows readers to survey the contents of the manuscript quickly.
An abstract should only be included if the manuscript is longer than 15-double
spaced pages, excluding the title page and reference list page.
Abstract length should range from 150–250 words.
The abstract should be the second page of the manuscript (after the title page).
The label Abstract should appear with initial capitalization and lowercase letters,
centered, at the top of the page, like a title.
8620 Spectrum Center Blvd.
San Diego, CA 92123
The abstract should be a single paragraph without paragraph indentation.
The Introduction
Begins on a new page (page 2 [or page 3 if an abstract is included]) and the full title
of the paper is centered one inch from the top of the page with initial capitalizations
and lowercase letters (not underlined, boldfaced, or italicized) and is double-spaced
above the first paragraph of text.
A manuscript must open with an introduction that presents the thesis, the statement
of purpose, the argument, or the specifi.
APA FORMATTING RESOURCES FOR WRITTEN ASSIGNMENTS www.apast.docxarmitageclaire49
APA FORMATTING RESOURCES FOR WRITTEN ASSIGNMENTS
www.apastyle.org
Do not use Owl/Purdue for APA resource
Using APA style formatting for written assignments in the nursing field is the accepted
method of formatting for the behavioral sciences. It is important that you learn the principles of
APA to further your professional growth as a healthcare professional. Belmont nursing faculty
work together to support our students in their use of APA for written assignments.
Please use your APA manual and the www.apastyle.org website to support your choices for
citing references and professional writing style. Bring your APA manual with you when meeting
with your nursing faculty. Always be prepared to reference your citation decisions, within your
manual, when working with your nursing faculty.
According to APA guidelines, faculty may modify/change APA requirements for any written
assignment. For example: Faculty may not request a title page or reference page for a written
assignment. Talk to your nursing faculty prior to assignment completion to receive any specific
instructions.
Overview for Using APA Formatting
All references for this information come from the 6
th
edition of the APA manual. Specific
sections are noted within parentheses.
Set up paper at the beginning with correct margins, line spacing, and hanging indentions for
reference page.
PAPER CONTENTS
Title page (8.03)
Running head for a title page (8.03)
-Is different than the running head found on the rest of the pages
-Is comprised of the following: Running head: SHORTENED TITLE
-Upper left hand corner
Pagination
-Begins in sequential fashion beginning on the title page (8.03)
-Is placed in the upper right hand corner (8.03)
-Arabic numbers are used; no name, title, words, or periods are used (8.03)
Margins: 1 inch on all margins
Title (2.01)
-Should be no longer than 12 words long
-Capitalization (2.01)
Placement of the paper’s title on the Title Page (2.01)
Author’s name (2.02)
-Spacing and font (8.03)
http://www.apastyle.org/
-Double spaced
-Times New Roman font; size 12
Abstract – use only as directed by your instructor
First page of body of paper
-Placement of the paper’s title (2.01)
-Running head for the body of the paper: SHORTENED TITLE
-Introduction paragraph (2.05)
-Spacing, font, and justification (8.03)
Double spaced
Times New Roman
Size 12
Left hand margin justification only
Indentation (8.03)
-Citations are placed at point where material is used
-Level of headings (3.03)
CITATIONS AND REFERENCES
In-text citations
-Citations are used at the point in which the materials are used
-Authors cited in the order in which the authors were published
-Citations can be parenthetical or non-parenthetical
a. Parenthetical – (Watson & Riley, 2001). When this form is used, all
components are listed each time .
This is the APA Documentation workshop for Purdue University Calumet's Writing Center. The workshop gives information on how to format a paper and cite sources correctly as well as gives examples.
1
Activity Analysis of Coloring
Mariah Stump
Therapeutic Recreation: Professional Practicum I
2
Activity Analysis: Coloring
Description:
Coloring is a leisure activity that involves creativity and imagination. Coloring can be an
individual or group activity. In order to color, the participant must have a coloring sheet, coloring
utensils, sharpener, and a hard surface. The coloring utensils can be crayons, colored pencils, or
markers. The goal of coloring is to bring color to the objects on the coloring sheets by shading
them with the coloring utensils. After choosing a coloring sheet, the participant must choose the
colors they feel will look best on the picture. If the coloring utensil is not sharp, they can use a
sharpener. Then the participant chooses a section to start and which color to use for that section.
They should start by coloring the inside edge of the section to help them stay in the lines. After
coloring the edge, they can color the center. They should continue to choose a section, choose a
color, shade the inside edge, and shade the center until the picture is fully colored (How).
Precautions/ Safety Issues:
Some people may want to take precaution if they are allergic to some of the chemicals in
crayons, colored pencils, or markers. They must avoid ingesting any of these coloring utensils.
Participants also need to avoid inhaling the smell of the markers. This could cause damage to the
brain, lungs, heart, liver, kidney, and peripheral nerves if it becomes a habit (Inhalants).
Special Considerations:
This activity is for people age 4 and up. Children younger than four have a hard time
staying in the lines, and may not benefit from the activity (Eye). Also, people that are blind may
be unable to do this activity unless adaptations are made.
Demands:
Although coloring is mainly a cognitive activity, it also has some physical, social, and
emotional demands. Some of the cognitive demands include deciding what picture to color and
which colors to use. Coloring is physically demanding, because the participant must have hand-
eye coordination in order to color in the lines. Sitting is the primary body position during
coloring, so the participant must also have sitting endurance. The dominant arm, wrist, hand, and
fingers are also involved, so the person must have the arm strength and stability needed to finish
the coloring page. Coloring is normally an individual activity, however, more than one person
3
can participate at one time. Coloring in a group could make the activity socially demanding, if
the people choose to interact with one another. Coloring could make a person feel joyful,
relaxed, or frustrated. Joy or happiness could come from completing the coloring page. Coloring
has been shown to relieve stress, so participants may feel relaxed or laid back while participating
in this activity. Coloring can als.
0 Choose one of the organizations described in the Four Case Studie.docxpoulterbarbara
0 Choose one of the organizations described in the “Four Case Studies on Corporate Social Responsibility” article; analyze the information about the organization; and write a 4-page case study paper (2 pages of content). Include in-text citations from at least 2 peer reviewed sources. The case study paper should include the following sections: A. Introduction B. Description of the organization’s original corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies and reporting C. Description of the conflicts D. Description of resultant changes in the CSR policies and reporting E. Conclusion
.
More Related Content
Similar to 1 CDU APA 6th Referencing Style Guide (Febru.docx
I also have another version of APA citation guide here: http://www.slideshare.net/littlenotestoshare/apa-style-citation-guide-samples go take a look and see which one suits you the most :)
8620 Spectrum Center Blvd. San Diego, CA 92123 .docxransayo
8620 Spectrum Center Blvd.
San Diego, CA 92123
FORBES SCHOOL OF BUSINESS
STYLE STANDARDS
These standards are excerpted from the 6th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association, published in 2010. These standards are intended to provide an overview of APA formatting necessary for
the Forbes School of Business, writing assignments.
Standard 1: Manuscript Elements
o Manuscript Format
Left, top, bottom, and right margins should be 1 inch.
Paper is prepared in Times New Roman, 12-point font and is double-spaced throughout.
Page numbers are Arabic numerals in the upper right corner of each page, ½ inch from the
top, and are consecutive from the title page through any appendices.
Preliminary pages contain numbers in lowercase Roman numerals.
o Title Page
Requirements (in order):
A Running Head
The phrase “Running head: YOUR TITLE” appears on first page (i.e. Title
Page) in the header. All subsequent pages contain YOUR TITLE, but do
not include the words “Running head,” which is only for the title page.
The running head needs to be left justified and on the same line as the page
number throughout the document.
The running head can be the title of the manuscript or a shortened version
of it.
Title
The title should concisely reflect the main idea of the manuscript.
The title should be typed with initial capitalizations for nouns, pronouns,
verbs, adjectives, and any prepositions five or more letters in length.
The title should be centered between the left and right margins, and
positioned in the upper half of the page.
Recommended title length: no more than 12 words.
Student Name
Course Name and Number
Instructor
Submission Date: Month Date, Year
Abstract
An abstract is a brief comprehensive summary of the contents of the manuscript and
it allows readers to survey the contents of the manuscript quickly.
An abstract should only be included if the manuscript is longer than 15-double
spaced pages, excluding the title page and reference list page.
Abstract length should range from 150–250 words.
The abstract should be the second page of the manuscript (after the title page).
The label Abstract should appear with initial capitalization and lowercase letters,
centered, at the top of the page, like a title.
8620 Spectrum Center Blvd.
San Diego, CA 92123
The abstract should be a single paragraph without paragraph indentation.
The Introduction
Begins on a new page (page 2 [or page 3 if an abstract is included]) and the full title
of the paper is centered one inch from the top of the page with initial capitalizations
and lowercase letters (not underlined, boldfaced, or italicized) and is double-spaced
above the first paragraph of text.
A manuscript must open with an introduction that presents the thesis, the statement
of purpose, the argument, or the specifi.
APA FORMATTING RESOURCES FOR WRITTEN ASSIGNMENTS www.apast.docxarmitageclaire49
APA FORMATTING RESOURCES FOR WRITTEN ASSIGNMENTS
www.apastyle.org
Do not use Owl/Purdue for APA resource
Using APA style formatting for written assignments in the nursing field is the accepted
method of formatting for the behavioral sciences. It is important that you learn the principles of
APA to further your professional growth as a healthcare professional. Belmont nursing faculty
work together to support our students in their use of APA for written assignments.
Please use your APA manual and the www.apastyle.org website to support your choices for
citing references and professional writing style. Bring your APA manual with you when meeting
with your nursing faculty. Always be prepared to reference your citation decisions, within your
manual, when working with your nursing faculty.
According to APA guidelines, faculty may modify/change APA requirements for any written
assignment. For example: Faculty may not request a title page or reference page for a written
assignment. Talk to your nursing faculty prior to assignment completion to receive any specific
instructions.
Overview for Using APA Formatting
All references for this information come from the 6
th
edition of the APA manual. Specific
sections are noted within parentheses.
Set up paper at the beginning with correct margins, line spacing, and hanging indentions for
reference page.
PAPER CONTENTS
Title page (8.03)
Running head for a title page (8.03)
-Is different than the running head found on the rest of the pages
-Is comprised of the following: Running head: SHORTENED TITLE
-Upper left hand corner
Pagination
-Begins in sequential fashion beginning on the title page (8.03)
-Is placed in the upper right hand corner (8.03)
-Arabic numbers are used; no name, title, words, or periods are used (8.03)
Margins: 1 inch on all margins
Title (2.01)
-Should be no longer than 12 words long
-Capitalization (2.01)
Placement of the paper’s title on the Title Page (2.01)
Author’s name (2.02)
-Spacing and font (8.03)
http://www.apastyle.org/
-Double spaced
-Times New Roman font; size 12
Abstract – use only as directed by your instructor
First page of body of paper
-Placement of the paper’s title (2.01)
-Running head for the body of the paper: SHORTENED TITLE
-Introduction paragraph (2.05)
-Spacing, font, and justification (8.03)
Double spaced
Times New Roman
Size 12
Left hand margin justification only
Indentation (8.03)
-Citations are placed at point where material is used
-Level of headings (3.03)
CITATIONS AND REFERENCES
In-text citations
-Citations are used at the point in which the materials are used
-Authors cited in the order in which the authors were published
-Citations can be parenthetical or non-parenthetical
a. Parenthetical – (Watson & Riley, 2001). When this form is used, all
components are listed each time .
This is the APA Documentation workshop for Purdue University Calumet's Writing Center. The workshop gives information on how to format a paper and cite sources correctly as well as gives examples.
1
Activity Analysis of Coloring
Mariah Stump
Therapeutic Recreation: Professional Practicum I
2
Activity Analysis: Coloring
Description:
Coloring is a leisure activity that involves creativity and imagination. Coloring can be an
individual or group activity. In order to color, the participant must have a coloring sheet, coloring
utensils, sharpener, and a hard surface. The coloring utensils can be crayons, colored pencils, or
markers. The goal of coloring is to bring color to the objects on the coloring sheets by shading
them with the coloring utensils. After choosing a coloring sheet, the participant must choose the
colors they feel will look best on the picture. If the coloring utensil is not sharp, they can use a
sharpener. Then the participant chooses a section to start and which color to use for that section.
They should start by coloring the inside edge of the section to help them stay in the lines. After
coloring the edge, they can color the center. They should continue to choose a section, choose a
color, shade the inside edge, and shade the center until the picture is fully colored (How).
Precautions/ Safety Issues:
Some people may want to take precaution if they are allergic to some of the chemicals in
crayons, colored pencils, or markers. They must avoid ingesting any of these coloring utensils.
Participants also need to avoid inhaling the smell of the markers. This could cause damage to the
brain, lungs, heart, liver, kidney, and peripheral nerves if it becomes a habit (Inhalants).
Special Considerations:
This activity is for people age 4 and up. Children younger than four have a hard time
staying in the lines, and may not benefit from the activity (Eye). Also, people that are blind may
be unable to do this activity unless adaptations are made.
Demands:
Although coloring is mainly a cognitive activity, it also has some physical, social, and
emotional demands. Some of the cognitive demands include deciding what picture to color and
which colors to use. Coloring is physically demanding, because the participant must have hand-
eye coordination in order to color in the lines. Sitting is the primary body position during
coloring, so the participant must also have sitting endurance. The dominant arm, wrist, hand, and
fingers are also involved, so the person must have the arm strength and stability needed to finish
the coloring page. Coloring is normally an individual activity, however, more than one person
3
can participate at one time. Coloring in a group could make the activity socially demanding, if
the people choose to interact with one another. Coloring could make a person feel joyful,
relaxed, or frustrated. Joy or happiness could come from completing the coloring page. Coloring
has been shown to relieve stress, so participants may feel relaxed or laid back while participating
in this activity. Coloring can als.
0 Choose one of the organizations described in the Four Case Studie.docxpoulterbarbara
0 Choose one of the organizations described in the “Four Case Studies on Corporate Social Responsibility” article; analyze the information about the organization; and write a 4-page case study paper (2 pages of content). Include in-text citations from at least 2 peer reviewed sources. The case study paper should include the following sections: A. Introduction B. Description of the organization’s original corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies and reporting C. Description of the conflicts D. Description of resultant changes in the CSR policies and reporting E. Conclusion
.
1 Case Study #23 Is Yahoo!’s Business Model .docxpoulterbarbara
1
Case Study #23:
Is Yahoo!’s Business Model
Working in 2011 and Today?
BUS 189 - Prof. Larry Gee
Team # 5 - The A+ Students
Aimee Gohil - # 7260
Sean Luis - # 0283
PM - Karin Proven - # 7884
Krysta Sumabat - # 2199
Friday, December 4 2015
2
Table of Contents
Appendix 1: History, Development, and Growth ……….………………………………………. 3
Appendix 2: Internal Strengths and Weakness ….………………………………………………. 8
Appendix 3: Nature of External Environment …..……………………………………………... 11
Appendix 4: SWOT Analysis…………….………….…………………………………………. 12
Appendix 5: Corporate-Level Strategy ...………………………………………………………. 18
Appendix 6: Business- Level Strategy …………………………………………………………. 20
Appendix 7: Company Structure and Control Systems………...………………………………. 22
Appendix 8: Recommendations...………………………………………………………………. 24
Case Question 1 ……….………………………………………………………….…….……… 25
Case Question 2 ……….………………………………………………………………..……… 29
Case Question 3 ………………………………………………………………………..………. 32
Case Question 4 ……………………………………………………………………….….……. 36
Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………….….……. 38
Bibliography………………………………….………………….……………………….….…. 40
3
Appendix 1: The History, Development, and Growth
Yahoo! is a global technology company best known and recognized for their search
engine, web portals, email services, and similar technologies. Yahoo! is currently working hard
to stand out from competitors by executing several strategies, including corporate level strategies
such as acquisitions, horizontal and vertical integration. It is clear with the struggles Yahoo! has
faced over the past 7 years that they need to regain market share, expand their demographics,
improve innovation, and build brand loyalty to be profitable. The company’s past strategy of
acquisitions has been costly and has not produced the desired result.
Yahoo! was founded by David Filo and Jerry Yang and the company is based in the heart
of the Silicon Valley in Sunnyvale, California. (McCullough) In 1994, David and Jerry were
graduate students at Stanford University, studying to obtain their Ph.D. in Electrical
Engineering. The World Wide Web was a tool they used, but the user experience left them
extremely frustrated. Thousands of pages would appear which were random and unorganized,
making the tool overly cumbersome and difficult to use effectively. Realizing there was a better
way to organize the information, the pair found a way to manage all these websites by specific
content. What David and Jerry provided was a hierarchically organized index compared to an
index of pages. They named this organized hierarchy “David and Jerry’s Guide to The World
Wide Web” and published it in 1994.
Initially their site was used mainly by their friends and for their own personal
use. However, over time, more and more people came across the time saving website, spreading
the word about “David and .
06identifying exceptions and RECOGNIZING WINSWe can .docxpoulterbarbara
|06|identifying exceptions and
RECOGNIZING WINS
“We can always choose to
perceive things differently.
We can focus on what’s
wrong in our life, or we can
focus on what’s right.”
Marianne Williamson
RECOGNIZING WINS | 98
Where We Have Been
In the previous chapter, you learned the concept of neuroplasticity, the brain’s ability to be “plastic” or “changeable”
in nature by actually growing new neural pathways when tasked with creating new thinking patterns. You also
discovered that you cannot always trust your thoughts as they can get stuck in the habit of delivering faulty
information based on self-limiting and self-sabotaging beliefs. You were also introduced to the concept of cognitive
reframing, which highlights your ability to view the same information or experience through a different and more
productive frame of reference. And finally, we shared the narrative concept of externalizing problems; the concept
invited you to examine whether your self-concept was too closely defined by common problems like procrastination,
anxiety, or overwhelm. We further examined what steps to take to start to have a constructive relationship with
externalized problems by dialoguing with them as a way of escaping their impact.
Where We Are Going
In this chapter, we will dive deeply into the concept of finding exceptions to problem-saturated stories. Returning
again to Angela, we will use her story as a teaching tool as we bring into focus exactly how the narrative process is
engineered to discover these exceptions to problems. Highlighting her process will set the stage for you to highlight
your own as you begin inquiring into your own personal narrative in a way that draws on actual evidence from your
own life story thus far.
In this chapter, you will come to find that you, like us all, have unexamined exceptions to the problem-laden beliefs
that may be hard to abandon. Because of this, you will be taught how to explore the creative process of finding
exceptions—those times when despite all odds and the many neural pathways that have already been carved so
deeply to support the dominance of problems, something exceptional still occurred (Figure 1).
Gearing Up
» To develop a new relationship to your problem(s), now that you have learned to
externalize them
» To expand your non-cognitive vernacular (generate more words to convey the Big 7)
» To take cognitive reframing to the next level by learning how to find exceptions to your
problems (times the problem wasn’t in control)
» To understand the neuroscience behind asking the right questions and visualizing
yourself as successful in combating the effects of your problem(s)
» To see the importance of recognizing wins in your life
» To recognize that your wins are not context dependent, but “you” dependent
Figure 1. Exceptions can be found
anywhere, even in something as
simple as paying a bill on time
rather than letting the problem of
procrastination t.
08creating YOUR GAME PLANNothing will work unle.docxpoulterbarbara
|08|creating
YOUR GAME PLAN
“Nothing will work
unless you do.”
Maya Angelou
YOUR GAME PLAN | 135
Where Have We Been
In the previous chapter, we focused on the importance of cultivating courage as a necessary component in creating a
life that is aligned with your greatest gifts, values, and, of course, engaging in the exploratory process of uncovering
your personal “why.” You were encouraged to discover your “courage compass” and to use it as often as is helpful
and enjoyable, but particularly when fear comes knocking. You were also taught about the astonishing power of your
imagination and its ability to activate your unconscious mind’s internal GPS in helping you to move in the direction of
your desired future. Lastly, you learned how neuroscience relates to visualization, feeling and experiencing yourself
embody real or imagined moments in a sequence of events that aids the brain in believing them.
Where We Are Going
Well, you’ve made it to the end. This final chapter of the re:MIND methodology culminates into a process of
synthesizing all that you have learned in the previous chapters into very personalized “game plan” (Figure 1). We say
personalized because as we lead you through this process of creating a trustworthy game plan that can weather all the
storms of your life, we will focus on proactively anticipating and forecasting any challenges that might arise, so that they
do not derail your progress. You see, you will want to be at-the-ready and prepared when problems surface because, as
you learned in Chapter 7, your life and your legacy are too important to leave in the hands of self-doubt, or problems
like fear, guilt, or anxiety. But first, we’re going to look back on your journey. Without further ado, let’s get started.
Gearing Up
» To review all that you’ve learned in order to prepare you for the final step
» To re-visit the structure of positive self-talk
» To create your personal game plan
» To help you plan against multiple mindset problems
» To prepare you for future mindset problems outside your plan
Figure 1. Your game plan will prepare
you for what is to come.
YOUR GAME PLAN | 136
Remembering Your Journey
Every step of this process has been leading you to this final outcome. The opportunity here lies in combining the
material in a way that makes the most sense for you given the challenges that you currently face, or that you anticipate
facing in the near future. By having a game plan, you will be armed with a coping strategy that is comprehensive,
reliable, and fully committed to your success. Before we dive into the game plan, let’s take a brief journey and review
what you’ve learned as a way of refreshing your mind and preparing you for this final step.
Self-Talk, Self-Doubt, and Your Personal Narrative
When you first started, you may not have had a clear sense as to where this journey was taking you. The process
started with three students tripping over both a l.
1 2Week 4 Evidence and Standards ACC49142020Week .docxpoulterbarbara
1
2
Week 4 Evidence and Standards ACC/491
4/20/20Week 4 Evidence and Standards
Comparison of Audit, Scientific and Legal Evidence Standards.
According to "Investopedia" (2020), generally accepted auditing standards (GAAS) are a set of systematic guidelines used by auditors when conducting audits on companies' financial records. GAAS helps to ensure the accuracy, consistency, and verifiability of auditors' actions and reports. The Auditing Standards Board (ASB) of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) created GAAS. (para 1).
Scientific evidence is information gathered from scientific research, which takes a lot of time to conduct. But there are a few things that all this research needs to have in common to make it possible for businesses to accept it as "evidence" ("The Conversation," 2020).
Legal evidence is represented by what is lawful to be proven by law to be valid or invalid, true or untrue.
Consideration of Sample Sizes and Methods (random, haphazard, monetary unit sample, judgmental) and how sampling affects evidence.
Evidence gathered should be representative of the population. The chances that the sample taken is not representative of the population is sampling risk, which should be controlled by using proper sample size and appropriate selection. (Arens, Elder, & Beasley, 2014, p. 476)
The selection of a sample is made using the following methods: random, haphazard, monetary unit, and judgmental.
Random sample selection is made by giving all items in a population the same chance of being selected. Sample selection is used when there is no need to emphasize some items in the population. (Arens, Elder, & Beasley, 2014, p. 478)
Haphazard sample selection is made without any distinguishing characteristics such as size or source. (Arens, Elder, & Beasley, 2014, p. 480)
Monetary unit sampling is a statistical method used for testing details of balances. Samples are selected based on the probability proportional to size sample selection. (Arens, Elder, & Beasley, 2014, pp. 566-567)
Judgmental sampling is based on the auditor's decision on which items from the population to review. It's based on auditor's knowledge of the business and industry, as well as their experience in auditing.
Relevance, Reliability and Sufficiency of Evidence.
Our company's control over financial reporting is a process that's designed to assure the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes under generally accepted accounting principles. Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act). They assess the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria that were set forth in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework that was issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework). Managem.
.,Discuss power, authority, and violenceDifferentiate between .docxpoulterbarbara
.,Discuss power, authority, and violence
Differentiate between the different types of governments around the world
A response to the initial question(s) below
Responses to at least two other students' posts
Step 1
Conduct research on the Internet.
Pick three countries from around the world that have different political systems than the United States. Explore their characteristics in terms of power and authority.
Step 2
Write a post answering following questions.
How does the political system work in each of these countries?
Who are the power holders? Are they elected?
Do they have governments?
Answer the questions in paragraphs and please add sociology references to each paragraph.
.
. Why is understanding the fundamentals of persuasion and argume.docxpoulterbarbara
. Why is understanding the fundamentals of persuasion and argumentation necessary in technical writing?
2. In analyzing the audience for a persuasive document, what broader goals is the write hoping to achieve?
3. In planning a persuasive document, what constraints must the writer consider? Please be precise.
4. What are the elements of a persuasive argument? Briefly explain each.
5. A successful persuasive document must avoid logical fallacies, name them.
6. What is persona? What characteristics would help a writer to demonstrate, as well as establish, an attractive persona to his or her audience when preparing a persuasive document?
7. What are the elements of a coherent paragraph?
.
09-15 PRACTICAL EXERCISE PE 4-04-1 TITL.docxpoulterbarbara
09-15
PRACTICAL EXERCISE: PE 4-04-1
TITLE: Project PRT
INTRODUCTION:
Many situations will occur during your tours, which test your ability to solve complex problems.
When we are faced with solving a problem the first and most critical step is identifying the
problem. Often times we try to fix symptoms of the problem instead of the problem itself.
INFORMATION:
Upon graduating the SEA, you report to your new squadron. During your check-in brief with the
Command Master Chief, you discover the collateral duty of Command Fitness Leader (CFL) is
vacant. You have the training and interest in this program and willingly volunteer. Your
Commanding Officer’s welcome aboard interview goes well and he appears very satisfied of
your eagerness to accept duties as CFL. During the interview he mentions the number one
complaint from the crew is their inability to perform PT during the workday. His concern is the
high number of failures among the younger members of the crew during the previous PFA cycle
(13 percent of Sailors fewer than 24 years old failed the run portion and seven percent of the
command failed the body composition portion of the previous cycle’s PFA). The current
command instruction requires personnel to PT after normal working hours. The Captain wants
to make the PT program a part of the workday and asks you to develop a schedule where
everyone will have an opportunity to meet the CNO’s directives (one hour per day/three times
per week).
When you meet the Maintenance Master Chief, you mention the concern of the Captain over the
Command PT program. The Master Chief is aware of the crew’s complaints regarding the
requirement to PT after normal working hours. He doesn’t see the importance of the program
when weighed against the amount of daily mission-essential maintenance required on “his”
aircraft. Three of the six department heads seem satisfied with the current program and do not
see a need for change. You find the CPOs are not happy with the current program (because of
the high failure rate on the previous PFA) and fully support a change. They are unwilling to defy
the Maintenance Master Chief. The Command Master Chief pledges his full support of any
reasonable plan you and the Chiefs develop as long as each department maintains no less than a
supervisor, collateral duty inspector (supervisor can dual hat as CDI), and three workers. Your
plan must have PT for everyone.
ASSIGNMENT- Post your answer on the discussion board:
1. Identify the problem.
2. Write a problem statement.
3. Explain why you believe the problem you identified is the root cause and not a symptom.
Assignment 3: Project Proposal – Execution, Control, and Closure
Due Week 10 and worth 150 points
Note: This is the third of three assignments which, as a whole, will cover all aspects of the project life cycle relevant to your selected project. THIS ASSIGNMENT IS BASED .
0Running Head NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATIONS 10NON-VERBAL C.docxpoulterbarbara
0
Running Head: NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATIONS 1
0
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Contributor, N. T. (2019, December 23). Communication skills 3: non-verbal communication. Retrieved from https://www.nursingtimes.net/clinical-archive/assessment-skills/communication-skills-3-non-verbal-communication-15-01-2018/
Non-verbal communication is primarily about body language, but other factors such as the layout or decoration of a room, or someone’s clothing or appearance, can also communicate messages. Non-verbal communication can be a supplemental for verbal communication and can reinforce or substitute a spoken message. The non-verbal communication can be different in each situation and each encounter. It is affected by the patient’s sensitivities, how one is regarded and the situation itself. it is very important to facilitate the positive non-verbal interactions in the health care settings. Body language can be crucial as it aids in communication and also helps to decode and react appropriately to other people’s visual and cues. Also, the cultural differences can affect the non-verbal communication as some non-verbal communication can be considered appropriate in some cultures. Thus, it is required to have some knowledge regarding cultural differences and cultural competence.
Liu, Calvo, A., R., Lim, & Renee. (2016, June 7). Improving Medical Students' Awareness of Their Non-Verbal Communication through Automated Non-Verbal Behavior Feedback. Retrieved from https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fict.2016.00011/full
The non-verbal communication of clinicians has an impact on patients’ satisfaction and health outcomes. Yet medical students are not receiving enough training on the appropriate non-verbal behaviors in clinical consultations. Computer vision techniques have been used for detecting different kinds of non-verbal behaviors, and they can be incorporated in educational systems that help medical students to develop communication skills. We describe EQClinic, a system that combines a tele-health platform with automated non-verbal behavior recognition. The system aims to help medical students improve their communication skills through a combination of human and automatically generated feedback. EQClinic provides fully automated calendaring and video conferencing features for doctors or medical students to interview patients. We describe a pilot (18 dyadic interactions) in which standardized patients (SPs) (i.e., someone acting as a real patient) were interviewed by medical students and provided assessments and comments about their performance. After the interview, computer vision and audio processing algorithms were used to recognize students’ non-verbal behaviors known to influence the quality of a medical consultation: including turn taking, speaking ratio, sound volume, sound pitch, smiling, frowning, head leaning, head tilting, nodding, shaking, face-touch gestures and overall body movements. The results showed that students’ awareness.
... all men are created equal ... they are endowed by their Cre.docxpoulterbarbara
"... all men are created equal ... they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, ... among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness." – Preamble to the Declaration of Independence (National Archives, 2020)
Imagine that you are Thomas Jefferson during the eventful days of 1776 (the year the Declaration of Independence was signed), when protest and revolt energized the air.
If Thomas Jefferson looked into the future, he might not have realized just how important and revered the Declaration of Independence would become. The Declaration is studied and admired all over the world, and its importance continues to grow.
Read more about the Declaration and its importance in this article
.
For your Discussion Board post complete the following:
Explain why you think the Declaration has become the revered document that it is.
Discuss whether you think the Declaration of Independence is relevant in your life today and why
.
-Extended definition of AI and contextual overview.-Detailed d.docxpoulterbarbara
-Extended definition of AI and contextual overview.
-Detailed discussion of two or three uses of AI – what it can do and reasons why it is likely to be beneficial.
-Analysis of any problems arising from these uses of AI.
Harvard references style
.
1 How to Overcome Public Perception Issues on Potable R.docxpoulterbarbara
1
How to Overcome Public Perception Issues on Potable Reuse Projects
Michael R. Markus, P.E., Orange County Water District, Fountain Valley, CA
Eleanor Torres, Orange County Water District, Fountain Valley, CA
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of how the Orange County Water District
(the District; OCWD) was able to insulate itself from public opposition to its potable reuse
project, the Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS).
To understand what challenges the District would be facing it is important to first understand
what was happening with other projects that were being developed at the same time in
Southern California. Second, it is important to understand the process by which the outreach
program was developed and how it was executed. That program was ongoing and changed
with the project to help anticipate and react to various issues that developed. Finally, it will be
shown how important it is to continue the outreach efforts and outline the various steps the
District has taken to educate people on the benefits of reuse.
Introduction
The Orange County Water District manages a very large groundwater basin (basin) in central
and north Orange County in the state of California, U.S.A. It was created by the State
Legislature in 1933 for that purpose and is governed by a 10-member Board of Directors that
sets policy, establishes the amount of pumping out of the basin and sets tariffs. The District
currently has set the amount of groundwater that can be pumped out of the basin at 77% of the
total water demands for its 19 retail agencies which serve 2.5 million people. The remaining
23% of its water supply is dependent on water that is imported into the region.
The Southern California region has a semi-arid climate, which receives approximately 355 mm
of rainfall per year. Most of its water is imported from two primary outside sources, the
Colorado River and the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the Delta) in Northern California. The
Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWD) built a 320 km aqueduct in the
1930’s bringing water from the Colorado River into Southern California and then participated in
the building of a 640 km aqueduct in the 1960’s from Northern California to bring water from
the Delta to Southern California. These supplies are enough to meet the water demands in
most years, but they are variable and the amount of water through these systems is dependent
on hydrology and certainly in the future, climate change.
Groundwater basins provide an important source of supplemental supply to the imported water
provided by MWD. A sustainably managed basin can provide a reliable source of low-cost
water, with groundwater costing half as much as imported water. The Orange County Water
District relies on rainfall, stormwater capture, Santa Ana River flows, untreated imported water
and recycled water for refilling its basin. This amount of water.
. Thoroughly complete each part of the prewriting process.. .docxpoulterbarbara
. Thoroughly complete each part of the prewriting process.
. Create a strong thesis statement.
. Analyze quotations and supporting evidence.
Remember that the purpose of researched information is to prove your own point--not to make that point for
Include strong supporting evidence, if required.
Once you've done some research, you'll probablAll essays must have a main ide
) Is my name clearly on the assignment EXACTLY the way it is documented in StraighterLine’s system? (E.g., if your middle initial is in the system, is it on your paper?)
2.) If applicable, have I used one of the required topics for the paper?
3.) Am I uploading the correct assignment?
4.) Have I met the minimum word requirement?
5.) Have I submitted
my own work
? Plagiarized essays WILL BE FLAGGED and you will need to resubmit a revised version.
6.) Have I used both in-text
and
bibliographic citations as appropriate?
7.) Have I saved my paper in a format Turn It In can open?
8.) Have I removed any previous comments I got from tutors?
DRAF1): Descriptive Paragraph (Optional)
7(2)
FINAL: Descriptive Paragraph (Required)
d
(3)Annotated Bibliograph
y (Required
, 8(4)
DRAFT: Compare/Contrast
(Optional)
(5)
FINAL: Compare/Contrast (Required
(6)
DRAFT: Personal Narrative (Optional)
(7)
FINAL: Personal Narrative (Required)
0
D(8)RAFT: Persuasive (Optional
0(9)
FINAL: Persuasive (Required)
12/13/18, 1:051
0
5
(Required)
1
REQUIRED DRAFT: Researc
0
1(12)4
FINAL: Research (Required)
(12)
d)
1
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Descriptive Paragraph
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(1)
Annotated Bibliography
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: (3)Compare/Contrast (Optional)
L: C ompare/Contrast (Required)
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T: Personal Narrative (Optional
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T: Argumentative (Optional)
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L: Argumentative (Required
0
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REQUIRED DRAFT: Research
: Research (Required)
.
. Research Paper Give a behaviorists response to the charge t.docxpoulterbarbara
. Research Paper
Give a behaviorist's response to the charge that:
a. Behavior therapists ignore the past.
b. Behavior therapy is coercive.
c. Rewarding behavior causes children to refuse to do anything unless a reward follows.
d. If one child is reinforced, another child might increase his negative behavior to get a reward.
Address each one of these charges separately, and give research evidence to support your statements and arguments. the doc must have 5 minimum page length.
.
-QuestionsDiscuss how Adam vision was formedHow did he deve.docxpoulterbarbara
-Questions:
Discuss how Adam vision was formed
How did he develop compassion for the outsider and marginalized?
Is compassion inborn or learned?
How does humor fit into health care delivery?
Why aren’t there more people like Adams?
Explain how Sr Adams fits into either an opt group or in group
Format:
3-5 pages
times new roman 12
1 inch margins
double spaced
.
-100 Original Work.Graduate Level Writing Required..docxpoulterbarbara
-100% Original Work.
Graduate Level Writing Required.
DUE: Friday, April 3, 2020 by 5pm Eastern Standard Time.
Identify
and
research
an organization that combats internet crimes against people. (((
Examples of such crimes include:
human trafficking, crimes against children, identity theft, fraudulent schemes, ransomware, and cyberbullying.)))
Write
a 800- to 1,050-word report in which you:
-Explain the types of crime the organization addresses.
-Describe the technical approach the organization uses to address cybercrimes.
-Identify vulnerable areas where individuals could become victims of the crimes the organization addresses.
-Explain prevention methods the organization recommends individuals take to avoid becoming victims of such crimes.
-Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines
.
-Provide at least 4 Academic / Scholarly references
.
-Must Be Graduate Level Writing.
-100% Original Work.
.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
1. 1
CDU APA 6th
Referencing Style Guide
(February 2019 version)
2
Contents
APA Fundamentals
.......................................................................................... 3
Reference List
...............................................................................................
.... 3
Citing in the text
...............................................................................................
5
Paraphrase
...............................................................................................
2. .... 5
Direct
quotes.....................................................................................
............ 5
Secondary source
.......................................................................................... 6
Personal
communications.......................................................................
...... 6
Examples
...............................................................................................
........... 7
Book
...............................................................................................
............... 7
eBook
............................................................................................. ..
............. 7
Journal article with doi
................................................................................ 7
Journal article without doi
........................................................................... 7
Web page
...............................................................................................
....... 7
Books - print and online
3. ................................................................................... 8
Single author
...............................................................................................
. 8
eBook/electronic book
................................................................................ 11
Journal articles, Conference papers and Newspaper articles
........................ 13
Multimedia
...............................................................................................
...... 16
YouTube or Streaming video
..................................................................... 16
Online images
...............................................................................................
.. 17
Web sources and online documents
................................................................ 20
Web page
...............................................................................................
..... 20
Document from a website
........................................................................... 21
Legislation and cases
...................................................................................... 23
4. Common abbreviations
.................................................................................. 24
Appendix 1: How to write an APA reference when information
is missing .. 25
Appendix 2: Author layout for in-text citations
............................................. 26
3
APA Fundamentals
Reference List
The reference list identifies the items cited in a document in
enough detail, so they can be located by another person. The
elements
required for a reference list are outlined below:
• The reference list appears at the end of the
article/report/document, starting on a new page.
• The reference list is headed by the title References, centred
and bold.
5. • The reference list is organised in alphabetical order by first
named authors or title if there is no author (ignore the words
‘A’,
‘An’, and ‘The’ when alphabetising by title). See “How do
I…?” on the APA Referencing Guide.
• Each reference should be separated from the next reference by
one empty line.
• All references should have a hanging indent (of 5-7 spaces)
for the second and subsequent lines of each entry. See “How
do I…?” on the APA Referencing Guide.
• Remove hyperlinks from URLs and DOIs. See “How do I…?”
on the APA Referencing Guide.
• When the reference entry includes a URL that must be divided
between two lines, break it before a slash or dash or at
another logical division point. i.e.:
http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/mf/4102.0
/opendocument#frombanner=LN
/socialtrends/Australia/Northern Territory
• Capitalisation in APA style is very specific. In titles and
subtitles of articles, chapters, books, reports and webpage titles,
capitalise only the first letter of the first word of the title, the
sub title and any proper nouns.
For journal titles you must capitalise the first letter of every
word (except for words like ‘in’, ‘at’, ‘of’, ‘the’)
6. • Italicise book titles, journal titles, and volume numbers. Do
NOT italicise issue numbers.
• References cited in text must appear in the reference list and
vice versa. The only exceptions to this rule are personal
communications and entire websites; they are cited in text only
and are not included in the reference list.
http://libguides.cdu.edu.au/cdureferencing/apa
http://libguides.cdu.edu.au/cdureferencing/apa
http://libguides.cdu.edu.au/cdureferencing/apa
http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/mf/
CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide 2019
4
• Use only the initial(s) of the author’s given name(s), not the
full name. E.g. Robert Mark Smith will appear as Smith, R. M.
• If no date is listed on a resource, use n.d. (no date) instead.
Example of citation: (Author, n.d.) / Example of reference:
Author. (n.d.). Title. Retrieved from URL
• If the reference list includes 2 or more entries by the same
author(s), list them in chronological order with the earliest first:
7. Reference: Jones, J. (2012). Travel tips. Retrieved from URL
In-text citation: (Jones, 2012)
Reference: Jones, J. (2016). Worst holidays ever. Retrieved
from URL In-text citation: (Jones, 2016)
If the sources were published by the same author in the same
year add a letter after the date in-text and in the reference:
Reference: Smith, J. (2014a). Best food ever. Retrieved from
URL In-text citation: (Smith, 2014a)
Reference: Smith, J. (2014b). Chocolate is great. Retrieved
from URL In-text citation: (Smith, 2014b)
If the sources were published by the same author, and don’t
have a date, use (n.d.) and list as follows:
Reference: St John. (n.d.-a). Burns. Retrieved from URL In-
text citation: (St John, n.d.-a)
Reference: St John. (n.d.-b). Scalds. Retrieved from URL In-
text citation: (St John, n.d.-b)
• Place of publication: Follow the city name with the
abbreviation for the state or the full name of the country, e.g.
Melbourne,
Vic., or London, England. If you do not have the city, use the
state, e.g. NSW, Australia
• If a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is listed on an electronic
source it is included in the reference. A DOI is a unique
alphanumeric string that is used to identify a certain source
(typically journal articles). It is often found on the first page of
an
article. An acceptable DOI does not include any CDU or
‘ezproxy’ information:
8. ▪ Acceptable DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/arc0000014 - see
‘Journal article online: with doi’ (p. 13)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/arc0000014 - see ‘Journal article
online: with doi’ (p. 13)
doi:10.1037/arc0000014 - see ‘Journal article with doi’ (p. 7)
▪ Not acceptable DOI:
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.cdu.edu.au/10.1016/j.colegn.2015.09.0
02
• If the article doesn’t have a DOI then provide the URL. E.g.
Retrieved from http://pit.sagepub.com/lookup/pmid =272
• It is possible to use an abbreviated version of an
organisational author in text, but you must use it in full the first
time. In-text
example: (World Health Organization [WHO], 2014). Use
square brackets if it is within parentheses. In your reference list
use the full name of the author.
5
Citing in the text
The purpose of citing in-text is to provide brief information
about the source used. The complete information about the
source is
listed in the alphabetical list of references at the end of the
document.
9. Paraphrase When paraphrasing only include author and year in
your citation – e.g. (Jones, 2015). However,
your lecturer may request you include a page number in your
citation – e.g. (Jones, 2015, p. 3).
Direct quotes
When you use a direct quotation in your writing you must
enclose the quote in double quotation
marks and cite the source including page numbers.
For example:
Issues surround the imitation of real world buildings as they
“serve the important function of
grounding users’ expectations and providing affordances for
them to effectively move through
space, they can also be limiting” (Ball & Bainbridge, 2008, p.
118).
Block Quotes If a quote is 40 words or more, omit quotation
marks and use a block format with the quote
indented about 1cm (or 5 spaces) from the left margin and
double-space the entire paragraph.
They had a less good walk back, simply because they hit the
upper waters of the north
west river at the wrong place and had to walk two miles
upstream to cross it. In the
middle of the crossing Thelma found a thalloid liverwort and to
Hugh’s astonishment
stopped to collect it. (Davies, 2010, p. 62)
10. Altering a direct quote
When you need to leave out part of a quotation to make it fit
grammatically or because it contains
irrelevant/unnecessary information, insert ellipses (three dots).
If you add or slightly change words
within a quotation for reasons of grammar or clarity, indicate
the change with square brackets.
“Drug prevention…[efforts] backed this up” (Gardner, 2007, p.
49).
Anonymous author When a work's author is designated as
"Anonymous", cite in the text the word Anonymous
followed by a comma and the date. For example: (Anonymous,
2006)
Multiple authors When citing multiple authors check the
“Author layout for in-text citations”
CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide 2019
6
Pinpointing a specific part
of a resource with no
page number
Often electronic sources don’t include page numbers, or you
want to pinpoint a specific section of
a document. It may be useful to include a paragraph number;
11. section number or use the words
the source uses instead if the source is lengthy. For example:
ACARA (n.d., ACELA1443) aptly phrased it…
… (Beutler, 2000, para. 5)
Secondary source
(secondary citation)
You read Lister’s article. In that article Lister refers to Miller’s
ideas. You are encouraged to find
Miller’s work. If you can’t find Miller’s work, cite Miller’s
ideas like this:
… simple definition of social justice (Miller, as cited in Lister,
2007).
OR
Miller’s simple definition of social justice (as cited in Lister,
2007).
Do not include the date of Miller’s work.
You include the Lister article in your reference list:
Lister, R. (2007). Social justice. Benefits, 15(2), 113–125.
doi:10.33.44.555/list
Two or more references
within the same
parentheses
12. Order citations of two or more works by different authors
within the same brackets alphabetically
in the same order they appear in the reference list. Separate the
citations with semicolons.
For example: (Megarrity, 2018; Sullivan, 2014; Tafransky &
Mahoney, 2016).
Personal communications Cite personal communications in text
only, for example, personal unpublished photos,
conversations, emails, interviews, personal files, documents
from an intranet (e.g. hospital policy)
i.e. any resource that is not accessible to your reader.
Format: (Author, personal communication, Month date, year):
…as stated in the Infection control guideline (Royal Darwin
Hospital, personal communication,
September 4, 2018).
… guidelines were provided in a conversation with the Director
of Nursing (R. Smith, personal
communication, September 4, 2018).
Materials from Learnline should be referenced because they are
available to the reader (e.g. your
lecturer or marker).
7
Examples
Here are some basic examples of CDU-APA 6th style. More
13. detailed examples are included throughout this guide. Where no
exact
example is provided these general principles should be
followed.
Book
author date book title in italics edition place of
publication publisher
Dinham, J. (2014). Delivering authentic arts education (2nd
ed.). South Melbourne, Vic.: Cengage Learning.
eBook
author date book title in italics edition URL
Dinham, J. (2014). Delivering authentic arts education (2nd
ed.). Retrieved from https://ebookcentral-proquest
-
com.ezproxy.cdu.edu.au/lib/cdu/reader.action?ppg=2&docID=19
90987&tm=1545024544990
Journal article with doi
authors date article title journal title in
italics volume in italics(issue)
Fowler, M. D., & Davis, A. J. (2013). Ethical issues occurring
within nursing education. Nursing Ethics, 20(2), 126-141.
doi:10.1177/0969733012474290 doi
page numbers
14. Journal article without doi
author date article title journal
title in italics volume in italics(issue) page numbers
Levy, L. (2018). The role of podiatric medicine in public health.
Podiatry Management, 37(2), 119-122. Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.cdu.edu.au/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com
/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,uid&db=rzh&AN=1290
92815&site=ehost-live URL
Web page
author date web page title
webpage URL
Better Health Channel. (2013). Smoking tobacco is deadly.
Retrieved from https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health
/healthyliving/smoking-tobacco-is-deadly
8
Books - print and online
Important elements
Print book:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year of publication). Title of
15. book (edition). Location of publication: Publisher.
eBook:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year of
publication). Title of book: Subtitle. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxx OR
Retrieved from URL of
the eBook
Reference Type
In-text example Reference list example EndNote
Reference
Type
Single author
… in relation to northern
developments
(Megarrity, 2018).
OR
Megarrity (2018) states
that ...
Megarrity, L. (2018). Northern dreams: The politics of northern
development in Australia. North Melbourne, Vic.: Australian
Scholarly Publishing.
Book
16. 2 authors
Roitman and La
Fontaine (2012) ...
OR
“... achieve consistency”
(Roitman & La Fontaine,
2012, p. 45)
Cite both names every time
the in-text citation occurs
Roitman, J. L., & La Fontaine, T. P. (2012). The exercise
professional’s
guide to optimizing health: Strategies for preventing and
reducing chronic disease. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer
Health.
Book
CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide 2019
9
3-5 authors First citation:
(Kerridge, Lowe, &
Stewart, 2013)
17. Subsequent citations:
(Kerridge et al., 2013)
Cite all the names the first
time the in-text citation
occurs; in subsequent
citations, use the surname
of the first author followed
by et al.
Kerridge, I., Lowe, M., & Stewart, C. (2013). Ethics and law for
the
health professions (4th ed.). Annandale, NSW: Federation
Press.
These rules for referencing and citing multiple authors also
apply for journal
articles, reports … see “Author layout for in-text citations”
Book
6 or 7 authors
Bergin et al. (2018)
found that...
OR
(Bergin et al., 2018)
Cite only the surname of
18. the first author followed by
et al.
Bergin, C. C., Bergin, D. A., Walker, S., Daniel, G., Fenton, A.,
&
Subban, P. (2018). Child and adolescent development for
educators. South Melbourne, Vic.: Cengage Learning Australia.
Include all authors in the reference.
These rules for referencing and citing multiple authors also
apply for journal
articles, reports … see “Author layout for in-text citations”
Book
8 or more
authors
(Kersemakers et al.,
2017)
Cite only the surname of
the first author followed by
et al.
Kersemakers, A., Klesch, R., George, K., Royal, B., Williams,
A.,
Cartwright, J., … Bailey, K. (2017). The chocolate eating habits
of CDU librarians. Darwin, NT: CDU Press.
19. For works with 8 or more authors, list the first 6 authors,
followed by 3 full
stops (...) then the last author’s name.
These rules for referencing and citing multiple authors also
apply for journal
articles, reports … see “Author layout for in-text citations”
Book
CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide 2019
10
No author
(Employment the
professional way, 2000)
OR
the book Employment
the professional way
(2000)
Shorten title and put in
italics
20. Employment the professional way: A guide to understanding the
Australian job search process for professionally qualified
migrants. (2000). Carlton, Vic.: Australian Multicultural
Foundation.
Book
Book: different
editions
(Howitt & Cramer, 2016) Howitt, D., & Cramer, D. (2016).
Introduction to research methods
in psychology (5th ed.). Melbourne, Vic.: Pearson Australia.
Edition
Book: editor (Smith, 2015) Smith, J. A. (Ed.). (2015).
Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to
research methods (3rd ed.). London, UK: Sage.
Edited
book
Book:
organisation as
author
(Australian Institute of
Health and Welfare,
2018)
21. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2018). Australia’s
health
2018. Canberra: Author.
Where the author and publisher are identical, use the word
‘Author’ as the
name of the publisher. (In EndNote place a comma after the
corporate author)
Book
Chapter in an
edited book or
book series
(Germov & Belcher,
2018)
Germov, J., & Belcher, H. (2018). Power, politics and
healthcare. In J.
Germov (Ed.), Second opinion: An introduction to health
sociology (6th ed., pp. 448-477). Melbourne, Vic.: Oxford
University Press.
Chapter author. (year of publication). Chapter title. In Book
editor(s) (Ed. or Eds.),
Book title in italics (edition information, pp. chapter page
numbers). Place of
22. publication: Publisher or Retrieved from URL
If an author(s) is listed at the beginning of a chapter follow this
format,
otherwise reference as a whole book.
Edited
book
CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide 2019
11
Book with
volumes
(Mizrahi, 2008)
(Kable & Govind, 2016)
Authored book:
Mizrahi, T. (2008). Encyclopedia of social work (20th ed., Vol.
1).
Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
23. Chapter in an edited book:
Kable, A., & Govind, N. (2016). Nursing care of people having
surgery.
In P. LeMone, K. M. Burke, G. Bauldoff, P. Gubrud-Howe, T.
Levett-Jones, T. Dwyer, … D. Raymond (Eds.), Medical
surgical
nursing: Critical thinking for person-centered care (3rd
Australian ed., Vol. 1, pp. 35-66). Melbourne, Vic.: Pearson
Australia.
Book
eBook/electronic
book online or
from library
database, incl.
eReadings
(Vandenberg, 2018)
eBook with doi
(Davies & Beech, 2018)
eBook with URL
(Robertson, 2014)
book in eReadings
24. Vandenberg, A. (2018). Education policy and the Australian
Education
Union. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68047-7
Davies, G., & Beech, A. (2018). Forensic psychology: Crime,
justice,
law interventions (3rd ed.). Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.cdu.edu.au/login?url=http://ebookcentral.proques
t.
com/lib/cdu/detail.action?docID=5018401
Robertson, M. (2014). Sustainability: Principles and practice.
Retrieved
from https://ereadings.cdu.edu.au/eserv/cdu:53362
/ER09416.pdf
Electronic
book
Dictionary and
Encyclopedia -
eBook
See p. 21 for an
example of an
online dictionary
“Acid Rain” (2014) is …
OR
25. “… atmospheric
pollution” (“Acid Rain”,
2014, p. 3)
Acid rain. (2014). In D. Kemp (Ed.), The environment
dictionary (pp. 3-
9). Retrieved from http://ebookcentral.proquest.com.ezproxy.
cdu.edu.au/lib/cdu/reader.action?docID=165278&ppg=8
Edited
book
CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide 2019
12
Dictionary - print (“Bathyorographical”,
1993)
Bathyorographical. (1993). In R. H. Hill (Ed.), Dictionary of
difficult
words (p. 61). New York, NY: Wiley.
Book
Brochure or
pamphlet
(Cancer Council
26. Australia, 2012)
Cancer Council Australia. (2012). Skin cancer [Brochure].
Sydney,
Australia: Author.
Where the author and publisher are identical, use the word
‘Author’ as the
name of the publisher. (In EndNote place a comma after the
corporate author)
Book
CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide 2019
13
Journal articles, Conference papers and Newspaper articles
Important elements
See Books-print and online for information on multiple authors.
Journal article:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year of publication). Title of
article. Journal Title, volume number(issue number), page–page.
27. doi:xxxx OR Retrieved from URL
Newspaper article:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year, Month Day). Article title:
Subtitle. Newspaper Title. Retrieved from URL
Conference paper:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Conference paper title.
Paper presented at the Conference Title, Place, State/Country.
Retrieved from URL
Reference Type
In-text example Reference list example EndNote
Reference
Type
Journal article-
print
(Birbilis, 2018) Birbilis, J. (2018). When psychology and
politics commingle. Journal
of Clinical Psychology, 74(5), 730-733.
For journal titles you must capitalise the first letter of every
word (except for
words like ‘in’, ‘at’, ‘of’, ‘the’)
Journal
article
28. Journal article
online: with doi
(Levenson, 2017) Levenson, J. (2017). Trauma-informed social
work practice. Social
Work, 62(2), 105–113. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/swx001
Electronic
article
CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide 2019
14
Journal article
online: no doi
(Moss, White, & Lee,
2018)
Moss, S., White, B., & Lee, J. (2018). A systematic review into
the
psychological causes and correlates of plagiarism. Ethics &
Behavior, 28(4), 261-283. Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.cdu.edu.au/login?url=https://www.tandfonline.co
m/doi/abs/10.1080/10508422.2017.1341837
Electronic
article
Article retrieved
29. from Learnline,
eSpace or
eReadings
(Arnold & Boggs,
2007)
Arnold, E., & Boggs, K. U. (2007). Structuring the relationship.
Developmental Psychology, 25(2), 264-276. Retrieved from
http://ereadings.cdu.edu.au/view/cdu:18679
Electronic
article
Newspaper article
online: available
via the Web or
electronic
database
(Parnell, 2018) Parnell, S. (2018, October 11). Health risk with
early obesity. The
Australian. Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.cdu.edu.au/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.co
m/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,uid&db=nfh&AN=9X9
A
USNEWSMMGLSTRY000376781678&site=ehost-live
Newspaper
article
30. Newspaper article:
no author
(“Two teen migrants”,
2018)
Use first few words of
article title in quotation
marks
Two teen migrants caught crossing Mediterranean on truck tyre.
(2018, December 16). The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved
from https://www.smh.com.au/world/europe/two-teen-migrants-
caught-crossing-mediterranean-on-truck-tyre-20181216-
p50mj0.html
Newspaper
article
Newspaper article:
print
(Kelly, 2018) Kelly, P. (2018, December 15). Political catch-up
splits the nation.
Weekend Australian, p. 29.
Newspaper
article
Conference paper
(in published
proceedings)
Burton (2017) outlines
31. …
Burton, D. (2017). Flare: A national flash flood warning
resource. In
2017 Floodplain Management Australia National Conference
(pp. 1-9). Retrieved from
http://www.floods.org.au/site/index.cfm?display=730745
Conference
paper
http://ereadings.cdu.edu.au/view/cdu:18679
CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide 2019
15
Conference
Presentation
(Garces, 2017) Garces, E. (2017, July). Regulation of digital
and intangible assets.
Paper presented at ACCC/AER Regulatory Conference,
Brisbane, QLD. Retrieved from https://www.accc.gov.au/about-
us/conferences-events/accc-aer-regulatory-conference
Conference
proceedings
Theses-print
version
32. Rorrison (2006)
examines …
Rorrison, D. (2006). Jumping through spinning hoops, chance or
a
carefully constructed learning journey? A critical view of
learning in the secondary practicum. (Unpublished Master’s
thesis). Charles Darwin University, NT, Australia.
Thesis
Theses - online Azam’s analysis (2016,
p. 208) shows the
“spectral peak …
Azam, S. (2016). Detection of binaural processing in the human
brain.
(PhD Thesis, Charles Darwin University, 2016). Retrieved from
http://espace.cdu.edu.au/view/cdu:59624
Electronic
article
Pre-print
submitted, before
peer review
Post –Print
accepted & peer
reviewed - not yet
33. published
It is recommended to
use the published
version of a paper if
it is available
Barclay (pre-print)
suggests that…
(Turnbull, post-print)
Barclay, L. (pre-print). Women and midwives: Position,
problems and
potential. Midwifery. Retrieved from
http://espace.cdu.edu.au/view/cdu:6640
Turnbull, B. (post-print). Scholarship and mentoring: An
essential
partnership? International Journal of Nursing Practice.
Retrieved from http://espace.cdu.edu.au/view/cdu:10014
Electronic
article
34. CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide 2019
16
Multimedia
Important elements
DVD or Film:
Producer Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Producer), &
Director Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Director).
(Year). Title
of movie [Format e.g. Motion picture or DVD]. Country where
movie was produced: Name of Studio.
Video streaming: i.e. YouTube or Vimeo
Author, A. A. OR Author screen name. (Year, Month Day).
Title of video [Video file]. Retrieved from URL of specific
video
Reference Type
In-text example
Reference list example
35. EndNote
Reference
Type
DVD or
videorecordings
(Hallam & Lam, 2010) Hallam, J. (Producer, Writer), & Lam,
K. (Producer, Director). (2010).
Staff relations in healthcare: Working as a team [DVD]. New
York, NY: Insight Media.
Film or
broadcast
Television
programs
(McDermott, 2013) McDermott, Q. (Reporter). (2013, February
4). Lance and the truth
[Television broadcast]. Retrieved from http://www.abc.net.au
/4corners/stories/2013/02/04/3680186.htm
Online
Multimedia
YouTube or
Streaming video
... paraphrasing other’s
work (CDUniLibrary,
2017)
36. CDUniLibrary. (2017, August 21). Cat capers: Adventures in
academic
integrity [Video file]. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BzCipTk71Bc
Online
Multimedia
Software (Physicians Interactive,
2017)
Physicians Interactive. (2017). Omnio: Clinical resource
(Version
3.24.6) [Mobile application software]. Retrieved from
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/id293170168?mt=8&ign=uo%3D
4
Computer
program
iPad and other
apps
(WebMD Health
Corporation, 2012)
WebMD Health Corporation. (2012). Medscape (Version 4.0)
[Mobile
application software]. Retrieved from http://itunes.apple.com
Computer
37. program
http://itunes.apple.com/
CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide 2019
17
Online images
When using images, you must be aware of copyright and
licencing restrictions. Not all images are freely available to use.
The best types of images to use are those with a Creative
Commons (CC) licence. Watch this video on how to find and
cite an appropriately licenced image.
Image caption: From “Title of Image,” by A. Author, Year
(URL). Licence (e.g. CC BY 2.0).
Reference: Author, A. A. (Year). Title of image. Retrieved from
URL
Place the in-text citation directly beneath the image as a
caption. It is acceptable to resize the caption to a smaller font if
it is too
long.
Example:
38. From “Sustainable Transport,” by A. Wellings, 2012
(https://flic.kr/p/cpBHSJ). CC BY-NC 2.0.
Reference:
Wellings, A. (2012). Sustainable transport. Retrieved from
https://flic.kr/p/cpBHSJ
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/
https://youtu.be/MJmTYP2Qz4E
CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide 2019
18
Reference
Type
In-text/caption example Reference list example
Online image
– personal
author
From “Zebra Finch,” by C. Williamson, 2009
(https://flic.kr/p/6Jepim). CC BY 2.0.
From “Friendly Male Koala,” by Quartl, 2009
(https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Frien
dly_Male_Koala.JPG). CC BY-SA 3.0.
Give the author’s name exactly as it appears on the
source page of the image.
39. Williamson, C. (2009). Zebra finch. Retrieved from
https://flic.kr/p/6Jepim
Quartl. (2009). Friendly male koala. Retrieved from
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki
/File:Friendly_Male_Koala.JPG
Online image
-
organisation
as author
From “Instituting an Electronic Medical Record
System,” by CDC Global, 2014
(https://flic.kr/p/oGi1bs). CC BY 2.0.
If the image has a long title, use only the first few
words of the title in the in-text citation.
CDC Global. (2014). Instituting an electronic medical record
system reduces the need to manage and store growing
volumes of patient charts, a major challenge in resource-
limited settings. Retrieved from https://flic.kr/p/oGi1bs
Include the full title of the image in the reference.
Image in the
public
domain or
40. with CC0
Licence
From “Schematic Diagram of the Human Eye,”
by Rhcastilhos, 2007
(https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sche
matic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg). In
the public domain.
From “Dog Swimming,” by P. Singhto, 2013
(https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dog_
swimming.jpg). CC0 1.0.
Cite images that are in the public domain or have a
CC0 Licence even if no attribution is required.
Rhcastilhos. (2007). Schematic diagram of the human eye.
Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki
/File:Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg
Singhto, P. (2013). Dog swimming. Retrieved from
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dog_swimming.jpg
CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide 2019
19
Image with
no title
41. The photo of a brown bear is by Rasmus
Svinding, 2006
(https://www.pexels.com/photo/zoo-bear-
35435/). CC0.
Provide a brief description of the image.
Svinding, R. (2006). [Brown bear]. Retrieved from
https://www.pexels.com/photo/zoo-bear-35435/
Enclose the brief description of the photo in square brackets.
Image with
no author
From “Group of Female Top Tennis Players,
1902,” 2012
(https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Grou
p_of_female_top_tennis_players,_1902.jpg). In
the public domain.
Omit the author element.
Group of female top tennis players, 1902. (2012). Retrieved
from
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki
/File:Group_of_female_top_tennis_players,_1902.jpg
42. Put the title in place of the author.
Citing an
online image
without
reproducing
it
In-text citation without reproducing the image:
In the photo “Autumn Ivy” (Curtin University
Library, 2007) …
Curtin University Library. (2007). Autumn ivy [Image].
Retrieved
from https://www.flickr.com/photos/curtinuniversitylibrary
/1440410713
The APA blog explains what to do for images from other
sources:
https://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2016/01/navigating-copyright-
part-4.html
https://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2016/01/navigating-copyright-
part-4.html
43. CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide 2019
20
Web sources and online documents
Important elements
Web Page:
Personal Author or Organisation as Author. (Date, if not known,
put n.d.). Title of web page. Retrieved from URL of web page
Document from a web page (e.g. PDF, Word, Excel,
PowerPoint):
Personal Author or Organisation as Author. (Last update or
copyright date; if not known, put n.d.). Title of document on a
web
page. Retrieved from URL of specific document or page where
the document is accessed from
Reference Type
In-text example
Reference list example
44. EndNote
Reference
Type
Web page:
Organisation as
author
Web page:
Personal author
(Australian Institute of
Health and Welfare,
2016)
(Wyatt, 2012)
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2016). How many
Australians have diabetes? Retrieved from
http://www.aihw.gov.au/how-common-is-diabetes/
Wyatt, H. (2012). WWF praises people power in spurring
Australia
marine parks decision. Retrieved from http://wwf.panda.org
/who_we_are/wwf_offices/australia/great_barrier_Reef
_ecoregion/?206737/WWF-praises-people-power-in-spurring
-Australia-marine-parks-decision
Web Page
45. Web page: no
date
(St John, n.d.) St John. (n.d.). Burns. Retrieved from
https://www.stjohn.org.nz/First-
Aid/First-Aid-Library/Burns/
Web Page
CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide 2019
21
Document from a
website
(Nursing and Midwifery
Board of Australia,
2016)
Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia. (2016). Registered
nurse
standards for practice. Retrieved from
http://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-
Statements/Professional-standards.aspx
Electronic
article
Document from
46. Learnline
(Moss, 2019) Moss, M. (2019). HSC210 – Module one:
Sociology for health
professionals. Retrieved from https://online.cdu.edu.au
/webapps/blackboard/content/listContentEditable.jsp?content
_id=_2692267_1&course_id=_44041_1&mode=cpview
Electronic
article
Standards (Standards Australia,
2018)
Standards Australia. (2018). Reinforced autoclaved aerated
concrete:
Construction (AS 5146.3:2018). Retrieved from https://www-
saiglobal-com.ezproxy.cdu.edu.au/online/autologin.asp
Electronic
article
Government
document
(Department of the
Environment and
Energy, 2017)
Department of the Environment and Energy. (2017). Australia’s
emissions projections 2017. Retrieved from
http://www.environment.gov.au/climate-
change/publications/emissions-projections-2017
47. Government
document
Australian Bureau
of Statistics (ABS)
(Australian Bureau of
Statistics, 2013)
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2013). Regional population
growth:
Australia, 2011-2012 (cat. no. 3218.0). Retrieved from
http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Previousp
roducts
/3218.0Main%20Features32011-12?opendocument&tabname
=Summary&prodno=3218.0&issue=201112&num=&view=
Electronic
article
Australian
Curriculum Online
(Australian Curriculum,
Assessment and
Reporting Authority,
n.d.)
Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority.
(n.d.).
The Australian curriculum: Literacy. Retrieved from
https://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/f-10-
curriculum/general-capabilities/literacy/
48. Electronic
article
Reference from
eMIMS or eTG
“Panadol” (2012) as
listed in MIMS …
Panadol: Back & neck pain relief. (2012). In MIMS. Retrieved
from
https://www-mimsonline-com-au.ezproxy.cdu.edu.au/Search
/ShowPDF.aspx?xmlDoc=08393.xml&XSLKey=PIxsl_pdf&Pat
hKey=AbbrevPIxmlPath
Electronic
article
CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide 2019
22
Article from a
health database
i.e.: Cochrane,
Joanna Briggs
Institute
49. (Nguyen, 2017)
(Winter, Hunter, Sim, &
Crome, 2011)
Nguyen, D. H. (2017). Wound packing: Clinical information.
Joanna
Briggs Institute Evidence Summary, (JBI241), 1-3. Retrieved
from http://ovidsp.tx.ovid.com.ezproxy.cdu.edu.au/sp-
3.28.0a/ovidweb.cgi?&S=JCODFPAOIEDDKHDFNCFKFGMC
JNKNAA00&Link+Set=S.sh.39%7c5%7csl_190
Winter, J., Hunter, S., Sim, J., & Crome, P. (2011). Hands-on
therapy
interventions for upper limb motor dysfunction following
stroke.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 201(6), 1-35.
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006609.pub.2
Electronic
article
Online blog (Becker, 2012) Becker, D. (2012, October 4). Cite
what you see, cite what you use
[Blog post]. Retrieved from https://blog.apastyle.org
/apastyle/2012/10/cite-what-you-see-cite-what-you-use.html
50. Blog
Online Dictionary
or Encyclopedia
… art of teaching
(“Education”, 2016)
Education. (2016). In Dictionary.com. Retrieved January 5,
2017,
from http://www.dictionary.com/browse/education?s=t
Web page
Facebook page (Bureau of
Meteorology, 2018)
Bureau of Meteorology. (2018, December 3). Spring 2018 was
more
than a degree warmer than average for Australia. Full climate
summary at http://ow.ly/1nXc30mPQLD [Facebook update].
Retrieved from
https://www.facebook.com/bureauofmeteorology/photos/a.171
427712921137/2122857961111426/?type=3&theater
Twitter update or
Tweet
(Trump, 2018)
Trump, D. [realDonaldTrump]. (2017, May 31). Who can figure
51. out
the true meaning of “covfefe”? [Tweet]. Retrieved from https://
twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/869858333477523458
Instagram photo
(Fox, 2018) Fox, M. J. [@realmikejfox]. (2018, June 5). It takes
< than a min to
learn how to save a life. Watch the video at handsonly.nyc
#ICanSaveALife with #HandsOnlyCPR [Instagram photo].
Retrieved from https://www.instagram.com/p/BjppDLDBxRF/
For Instagram videos change text in square bracket
CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide 2019
23
Legislation and cases
Important elements
Act or Bill:
Name of Act Year (Jurisdiction)
Case:
Case Name (Year) Volume Law Report Series Reporter
52. Abbreviated Starting Page
Reference
Type
In-text example
Reference list example
EndNote
Reference
Type
Acts and Bills ... according to s. 24.1 of the
Anti-Discrimination Act 2018
(NT) ...
The Social Security
Commission Bill 2018 (Cth)
establishes ...
Anti-Discrimination Act 2018 (NT)
Social Security Commission Bill 2018 (Cth)
53. If accessed electronically no additional details are required, cite
as you
would for print.
Legal Rule/
Regulation
Cases According to Carey v. Price
(2005) ...
... in a land rights case
(Mabo v. Queensland,
1988).
Carey v. Price (2005) 132 ALR 255
Mabo v. Queensland (1988) 166 CLR 186
Case
CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide 2019
24
Common abbreviations
App. appendix
Art. article
54. Ca. Circa
Chap. chapter
Div. division
ed. edition
Ed. / Eds. Editor / Editors
et al. and others (Latin et al)
n.d. no date
No. Nos. Number / Numbers
n.p. no place
p. pp. page(s)
para. paragraph
Pt. Part
Rev. ed. Revised edition
Sec. Section
Ser. Series
Suppl. Supplement
s.v. under the word (Latin sub verso)
Trans. Translator(s)
55. Vol. / Vols. Volume / Volumes
All examples are based on the Publication Manual of the
American Psychological Association, 6th ed., 2010 available
in the Library. A sample essay is available with examples of in-
text citations and Reference list.
https://cdu-edu-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-
explore/fulldisplay?docid=61CDU_Alma2131811470003446&co
ntext=L&vid=61CDU&search_scope=default_scope&tab=defaul
t_tab&lang=en_US
http://libguides.cdu.edu.au/cdureferencing/apa
CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide 2019
25
Appendix 1: How to write an APA reference when information
is missing
CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide 2019
26
56. Appendix 2: Author layout for in-text citations
In-text examples for first and subsequent citation.
Reproduced from American Psychological Association. (2010).
Publication manual of the American Psychological Association
(p. 177). Washington:
American Psychological Association.
Type of citation First citation with the
author being a part of your
text
Subsequent citations
with the author being
part of your text
First citation with all
citation information in
brackets
Subsequent citations with
all citation information in
brackets
One work by one author Walker (2017) Walker (2017) (Walker,
2017) (Walker, 2017)
One work by two authors Walker and Allen (2014) Walker and
Allen (2014) (Walker & Allen, 2014) (Walker & Allen, 2014)
57. One work by 3-5 authors Bradley, Ramirez, Soo and
Mitchell (2015)
Bradley et al. (2015) (Bradley, Ramirez, Soo, &
Michell, 2015)
(Bradley et al., 2015)
One work by 6-7 authors Jones et al. (2016) Jones et al. (2016)
(Jones et al., 2016) (Jones et al., 2016)
One work by 8+ authors Ahamad et al. (2015) Ahamad et al.
(2015) (Ahamad et al., 2015) (Ahamad et al., 2015)
Groups/Organisation
(readily identified through
abbreviation) as author
Australian Institute of Health
and Welfare (AIHW, 2018)
AIHW (2018) (Australian Institute of
Health and Welfare
[AIHW], 2018)
(AIHW, 2018)
Group/Organisation (no
abbreviation) as authors
Diabetes Australia (2017) Diabetes Australia (2017) (Diabetes
Australia, 2017) (Diabetes Australia, 2017)
58. Networking, organisation and groups
Seminar 10, SWK301
In this seminar we will look at:
What is a network?
What is networking?
Why are networks important in communities and community
work?
Networking as a key tool for community work
Examples of networking approaches to community
What is a social network?
‘Social networks are social arrangements of people, groups,
organizations, or other social units that interact and engage in
exchanges to achieve their purposes’
(Hardcastle & Powers, 2004: 294)
59. Communities and networks
‘social fabric’
‘social circles’
‘webs’
‘online networks’
We can think about communities as layers of networks
4
Examples of networks
Darwin Asylum Seeker Support and Advocacy Network
(DASSAN) http://dassan.weebly.com/
Darwin Youth Affairs Network (NTYAN)
http://www.ntyan.com.au/new/ntyan/
First Peoples Disability Network. http://fpdn.org.au/
Humanitarian Practice Network. http://www.odihpn.org/
60. Australian Student Environment Network. http://asen.org.au/
The Central Coast Community Environment Network .
http://www.cen.org.au/
You may know of other networks.
5
Networks can be harmful and oppressive
They may alienate and harm others.
They can choose to include or exclude others.
What is exchanged can be harmful, illegal and oppressive.
Loose, ‘flat’ highly dispersed networks can be used in criminal
or illegal activity, as they have no formal, detectable structure,
it is hard to locate the players.
Some examples of what might be a harmful network;
The ‘old boys’ club
Bikie gang networks
Paedophile rings
Terrorist networks
Racist networks
Networks and social capital
Different types of linkages between people
Bonding (enduring long term close relationships between
61. people)
Bridging (connections between neighbours, colleagues, groups
within a community)
Linking (links between people and organisations beyond peer
boundaries, outside normal social circles)
Primary, secondary and tertiary networks
Primary - many interests in common, includes close friends
and family
Secondary – narrower set of interests, includes social clubs,
church group, sports teams
Tertiary – more formal, interested a specific part of your life
than your whole life, such as support group, political interest
group
Community work links the secondary & tertiary networks
Self help groups and volunteer networks can value add to
service provision agencies and vice versa;
enables agencies to serve a greater number of clients
increases visibility in the client community
agencies can provide meeting places and office resources
Linking can reduce the isolation of the clients from various
62. networks
and link agencies to the communities they serve.
Community development workers identify existing networks,
and find ways to create connections that benefit others.
This can also involve dealing with tensions, histories and
competition that may exist.
9
Network approaches to thinking about communities
‘Differences are marked by terrain, fashion, jargon and other
cultural signifiers. They become embedded in notions of
collective identity or community belonging.’ (Gilchrist 2009, p.
7)
What we generally end up with in most large communities, is a
‘community of communities.’ (Gichrist 2009, p.8).
Or networks and sub-networks, parts of a ‘web’.
.
Again community workers role is to join up the web
10
Community development and networking
63. Community development aims to empower disadvantaged people
through collective self organisation. Identifying allies and
building coalitions around a common vision involves working
across a range of different experiences and perspectives to find
(or create) consensus. (Gilchrist 2007 p71)
How does networking connect with empowerment?
Empowerment is the ability to take control of our lives and
improve them.
It is the ability to act.
It needs collective and individual actions
It requires social networks and social support networks.
(Hardcastle et al 2004, p. 306)
Consider
What do you think networking is? Explain it in your own
words.
How do you do it?
Why do we do it?
64. Networks are important in community development
Provide robust and dispersed communication channels
Facilitate collective action
Underpin multi-agency partnerships
Support citizen engagement
Promote community cohesion
Create opportunities for reflection and learning
(Glichrist, 2009, p. 61)
Community development primarily concerned with bridging and
linking
What is networking?
Joining up!
Creating supportive connections
Linking up people with resources
Finding out information
Sharing information
Creating new structures
Creating social ‘bridges’ between isolated networks
65. Networking exercise
Speak to someone you don’t know-
Tell them what you’re working on (or interested in ) at the
moment.
Ask if they have any ideas or now someone who could assist
you
Networking is deliberate, intentional and effective
conversations about sharing ideas, skills, needs and resources.
17
A day in the life of a community development worker
Jude attends a school staff meeting in the morning about a youth
program she is organising. She bumps into the school counsellor
who invites her to meet parents next week.
She meets with the mayor to talk about ongoing funding for the
arts project.
At a meeting with the tourism group she learns they are in
conflict with the council, she is asked to assist them to set up a
joint meeting with the council
The neighbourhood house are having a morning tea for
newcomers in town, she attends this
66. After the womens’ support group, the facilitator talks to her
privately about her own problems with family violence and
asks, ‘ What can I do?”
She calls into the new business in town to talk about the offer
of space to be used as a community notice board
A lot of networking occurs in an unstructured way !
Talk about Jude’s day. What skills does she use in her work?
How will she use her networking skills?
18
Principles and processes of networking
Principles
Networking is a neutral tool.
Networking for CD is influenced by key values of equality,
empowerment and participation.
Processes
Establishing and forming relationships
Maintaining and using connections
Building trust and taking risks
Understanding the strengths and limitations
Networking as a community development practice
Is deliberate and planned
It sustains cooperation
67. Builds connections between others
Core part of the work, even central to it
The context always influences how it is approached
What makes a good networker?
‘Personality traits seem to have a significant impact on
networking ability’ (Glichrist, 2009, p. 87)
Affability (warmth, humanity, attentiveness)
Integrity (self-aware, trustworthy, reliable)
Audacity (takes risks, challenges)
Adaptability (enjoys diversity, flexible)
Tenacity (patient, persistent, not stressed)
What is a good networker?
Able to listen.
Good interpersonal ‘micro’ skills.
Plans and makes decisions about what to attend.
Commitment to ‘staying in touch’ to maintain connections.
Adaptable
68. examples of networking;
Distributing a program newsletter that shares information about
what your organisation is doing in the community
Attending local community meetings and talking to people
Forming a coalition between organisations
Organising or attending a service sector meeting
Can you think of others?
Complexities in community work
Communities are complex!
Many aspects of Community Development work are unplanned
and unpredictable.
Serendipity.
‘Networking prepares the ground for community-led projects to
emerge that match perceived needs and actual circumstances’
(Gilchrist, 2009, p.123)
69. Meta-networking
Key components:
Mapping the social and organisational landscape;
Initiating and maintaining interpersonal connections through
referrals and introductions;
Creating spaces and opportunities for interaction and
conversations;
Managing and monitoring relevant networks.
Anticipating an dealing with tensions within and between
networks
Encouraging and supporting participation in networks where
there are obstacles or resistance;
Assisting in the development of structures and procedures that
will ensure that networks are inclusive and sustainable.
(Gilchrist, 2009, 105-106)
Networking as an intentional tool in community work
It uses and develops skills of the worker
See that networking is central to the work
Recognise that networking should be recorded, and reported on
Be flexible in the way that networking occurs
Acknowledge there may be areas that are not ‘strengths’ and
work on these
Use of informal and formal networking
70. 26
DUE DATE: 11th May 2019
Time: 2 pm Darwin, NT Time.
Words: 500 (Excluding References) & (In-Text reference is a
must)
Reference Style: APA 6th Edition
Minimum References: minimum 4 references
Question:
What is networking', and how can 'networking' increase
participation in community development?
Key readings:
· Gilchrist, A (2009) Networking for Community Development
(Chapter 6) pages 99 – 119.
· Gilchrist ,A. (2000) The well-connected community:
networking to the ‘edge of chaos’. Community Development
Journal, Vol 35, no. 3 July.
· Ennis, G. & West, D. (2014). Community development and
umbrella bodies: Networking for neighbourhood change.
British Journal of Social work. Vol 44, Issue 6.
Note:
Key readings and learnings from PowerPoint should reflect
through your assignment.
Clear definition of terms used and critical analysis and
connection throughout your assignment should be shown.