This document provides examples of different types of references in APA style. It discusses references for periodicals, books, technical reports, meetings, dissertations, reviews, audiovisual media, datasets, software, and online posts. Examples are given for references to journal articles, newspaper articles, book chapters, reports, presentations, theses, reviews, movies, software, and message board posts. Proper formatting is outlined for listing author names, years, titles, publishers, and retrieval information for different kinds of references.

2. Examples of
References
Submitted to: Dr. Nasreen Akhter
Submitted by: Sobia Parveen (03)
Sana Akram (13)
M.Phil (Edu)
Semester: 2nd

3. What is References?
• Reference is the list of sources. You have
cited the references come out the end of
your paper.
• The most commonly style used for
references is APA style.

4. Examples of References
• Periodicals
• Books & Reference Books
• Technical and Research Reports
• Meetings and Symposia
• Doctoral Dissertation and Master’s Thesis
• Reviews and Peer Commentary
• Measurement Instruments
• Audio-visual media
• Data sets
• Internet Message Board

5. Periodicals
• Author name and year of publication
• Title of Article/periodicals
• DOI
• If no DOI is assigned to the content and you retrieved it online, use
this format:
Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxx
• If DOI is not available, and the reference was retrieved online, give
URL of the journal home page. No retrieved date is needed.
• Write single p(page) for one page and “pp” for more than one pages.
• Example
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of
article. title of Periodical, xx, pp—pp. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx

6. Journal article with DOl, more than
seven authors
Author, A. Author B . Author C,,,,,,,(2004). Title of
periodical ,page number.Doi….
• Use the following in-text citation: (First author et
al., 2004).
• When a reference has up to seven authors, spell
out all authors' names in the reference list.

7. Newspaper article
Author , A. (1993, September 30). Democracy in
Pakistan, political status. The Jang Multan pp.
Al, A4.
• If an article appears on discontinuous pages,
give all page numbers, and separate the
numbers with a comma (e.g., pp. B1, B3, B5—
B7).

8. Books and Reference Books
• Also include books that are published in electronic form only.
• Use the word Author as the name of publisher when Author
and Publisher are same.
• Edition, volume number, page number(Rev.ed.) or
(Vol.xx,pp,xx-xxx)
• If there are more than two authors, Use the name of the lead
editor, followed by et al.
• Example
Strong, E. K., Jr., & Uhrbrock, R. S. (1923). Bibliography on
job analysis. In L. Outhwaite (Series Ed.), Personnel Research
Series: Vol. 1. Job analysis and the curriculum (pp. 140—
146).

9. Technical and Research Report
• Report number, contract number to the report, give that
number in parentheses immediately after the title.
• If you obtain a report from U.S Government printing office,
list the Publisher location and name.
• Example
Author,A. A. (1998). Title of work (report number. Xxx).
Location: Publisher

10. Meetings and Symposia
• Use the same format as for a periodicals
• Give the month and year of symposium or meeting in the
reference
• Example
Contributor, A. A, Contributor, B. B, (year,month). Title of
paper or poster. Paper or poster session presented at the
meeting of organization name, location.

11. Doctoral Dissertation and Master’s Thesis
• Can be retrieved from subscription data bases, institutional
achieves, and personal websites.
• Italicize the title of a doctoral dissertation or mater’s thesis.
• Identify the work as a doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis
in parentheses after the title.
• Example
Author, A. A. (1978). Title of doctoral dissertation or master’s
thesis(doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis). Retrieved from
the name of database.

12. Unpublished dissertation
• Author, A. A. (1978). Title of doctoral/
dissertation or master's thesis (Unpublished
doctoral dissertation or master's thesis). Name
of Institution, Location.

13. Reviews and Peer Commentary
• If the review is untitled, use the material in brackets as the
title; retain the brackets to indicate that the material is a
description of form and content, not a title.
• Identify the type of medium being reviewed in brackets(book,
motion pictures, television program, etc.)
• Example
Reviewer, A. A. (2000). Title of review (review of the book
Title of book, by A. A. Author) Title of complete work, xx.
xxx.xxx

14. Audio-Visual Media
• For the motion pictures, use the following format:
Producer, A. A. (producer), & Director, B. B. (Director).
(year). Title of motion picture[motion picture]. Country of
origin:Studio

15. Data sets, Software, Measurement
Instruments and Apparatus
• Do not Italicize the name of the software.
• Italicize the title of data set.
• Identify the version number after the title. After the version
number, identify the source as a computer program, language
or software.
• Example
Rightshoulder, A. A. (year). Title of program(version number)
[Description of form]. Location: Name of producer.

16. Internet Message Board, Electronic Mailing
List and other Online Communities
• If the author’s full name is available, list the last name first
followed by initials.
• Provide the exact date of posting.
• Include the information “Retrieved from” followed by the
URL.
• Example
Author, A. A. (year, month, Day). Title of post [Description of
form]. Retrieved from http://www.xxx