Introduction to Citations and ReferencingKee-Man Chuah
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This is the introductory part of the unit on citations and referencing, which are important for academic writing. The style used is APA.
Note: Reference list for the materials used in the slights is provided upon request.
This presentation is useful for all who are preparing their projects in colleges. This presentation helps you in giving proper reference of data source.
Introduction to Citations and ReferencingKee-Man Chuah
Â
This is the introductory part of the unit on citations and referencing, which are important for academic writing. The style used is APA.
Note: Reference list for the materials used in the slights is provided upon request.
This presentation is useful for all who are preparing their projects in colleges. This presentation helps you in giving proper reference of data source.
Here I am sharing my presentation of
Research Skills : Documentation & Fundamentals of Literary Research. Subject of presentation is 'The importance of Citation'
Here I am sharing my presentation of
Research Skills : Documentation & Fundamentals of Literary Research. Subject of presentation is 'The importance of Citation'
APA 7th Edition Basics¡ Paper Your paper must be word-processe.docxShiraPrater50
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APA 7th Edition Basics
¡ Paper: Your paper must be word-processed on unlined 8 ½Ⳡx 11Ⳡwhite paper.
¡ Margins: Use 1Ⳡmargins on all sides of the page.
¡ Student APA papers must consist of a (1) cover page, (2) essay, and (3) reference page: Each section of the paper must begin on a separate page.
¡ Abstracts are only needed if an instructor specifically requests that you have one, and it would only be for a lengthy paperâsuch as a Capstone.
¡ The title of the paper must appear on the third page, prior to the start of the body of the paper, centered and in bold.
¡ Text: accepted fonts are:
¡ Times New Roman 12 pt.
¡ Georgia 11 pt.
¡ Calibri 11 pt.
¡ Arial 11 pt.
¡ Lucida Sans Unicode 10 pt.
¡ Spacing: Double space your entire paper, including: headings, long quotations, and references.
¡ Page header: In APA 7th edition student papers no longer requires a ârunning head,â only the page number in the upper right-hand corner is needed
¡ Indentions: Indent one-half inch from your left margin. (one tab), except for the abstractâthis paragraph must start flush left.
¡ References: Your references should begin on a new page separate from the text of the essay; label this page "References," centered at the top of the page, bolded. References must be ordered alphabetically by the author(s) last name.
¡ Double space the entire pageâthere should be no extra spaces between references.
¡ All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented one-half inch from the left margin. This is called hanging indentation.
Any information, including ideas, theories, or research that is not your own, or has directly influenced your writing, must be cited within the body of your paper and have a corresponding reference on the reference list.
General Format:
Only if specifically requested!
Title page format:
¡ Page number in the right-hand corner of the page header
¡ Title of paper- Bold and center (beginning four lines down the page)
¡ Skip a line
¡ Student name(s)
¡ Department and University
¡ Course name and number
¡ Instructor of class
¡ Assignment due date
Text (Body):
¡ The body of the paper should start on a new, separate page following the title page.
¡ The title of the paper should appear on the first line on the first page of the text, bold and centered
¡ A brief student paper may not have any headings, and if they do, they should follow the standard 5 level headings
In-Text Citations
APA In-text citation basics
¡ When using APA 7th ed. format, follow the author-date- (and page number when applicable) method of in-text citation.
¡ All sources that are cited in the text must have a complete reference at the end of the paper and any source listed on the reference page must have a corresponding in-text citation.
¡ The sentence punctuation always appears after the closed parenthesis. This is to show that the in-text citation belongs to that exact statement.
¡ If possible, cite an electronic document using the author- ...
APA 7th Edition Basics¡ Paper Your paper must be word-processe.docxgertrudebellgrove
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APA 7th Edition Basics
¡ Paper: Your paper must be word-processed on unlined 8 ½Ⳡx 11Ⳡwhite paper.
¡ Margins: Use 1Ⳡmargins on all sides of the page.
¡ Student APA papers must consist of a (1) cover page, (2) essay, and (3) reference page: Each section of the paper must begin on a separate page.
¡ Abstracts are only needed if an instructor specifically requests that you have one, and it would only be for a lengthy paperâsuch as a Capstone.
¡ The title of the paper must appear on the third page, prior to the start of the body of the paper, centered and in bold.
¡ Text: accepted fonts are:
¡ Times New Roman 12 pt.
¡ Georgia 11 pt.
¡ Calibri 11 pt.
¡ Arial 11 pt.
¡ Lucida Sans Unicode 10 pt.
¡ Spacing: Double space your entire paper, including: headings, long quotations, and references.
¡ Page header: In APA 7th edition student papers no longer requires a ârunning head,â only the page number in the upper right-hand corner is needed
¡ Indentions: Indent one-half inch from your left margin. (one tab), except for the abstractâthis paragraph must start flush left.
¡ References: Your references should begin on a new page separate from the text of the essay; label this page "References," centered at the top of the page, bolded. References must be ordered alphabetically by the author(s) last name.
¡ Double space the entire pageâthere should be no extra spaces between references.
¡ All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented one-half inch from the left margin. This is called hanging indentation.
Any information, including ideas, theories, or research that is not your own, or has directly influenced your writing, must be cited within the body of your paper and have a corresponding reference on the reference list.
General Format:
Only if specifically requested!
Title page format:
¡ Page number in the right-hand corner of the page header
¡ Title of paper- Bold and center (beginning four lines down the page)
¡ Skip a line
¡ Student name(s)
¡ Department and University
¡ Course name and number
¡ Instructor of class
¡ Assignment due date
Text (Body):
¡ The body of the paper should start on a new, separate page following the title page.
¡ The title of the paper should appear on the first line on the first page of the text, bold and centered
¡ A brief student paper may not have any headings, and if they do, they should follow the standard 5 level headings
In-Text Citations
APA In-text citation basics
¡ When using APA 7th ed. format, follow the author-date- (and page number when applicable) method of in-text citation.
¡ All sources that are cited in the text must have a complete reference at the end of the paper and any source listed on the reference page must have a corresponding in-text citation.
¡ The sentence punctuation always appears after the closed parenthesis. This is to show that the in-text citation belongs to that exact statement.
¡ If possible, cite an electronic document using the author-.
MLA 8th Edition Citation Format by Germanna Community College Tutoring ServicesJonathan Underwood
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Instead of searching for the correct citation format for a specific type of source, the 8th edition introduces a new pattern for Works Cited citations.
OCC WRITING CENTER APA REFERENCES HANDOUT 1 The Owens Comm.docxcherishwinsland
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OCC WRITING CENTER APA REFERENCES HANDOUT 1
The Owens Community College Writing Centerâs Quick Guide to APA Common Citations
Edited March 25, 2016
Uses APA 6
th
edition and
The Little Seagull (LS) Handbook
In-Text Citation Basics:
Your parenthetical (or in-text) citations within your paper link back to the References entries at
the end of your paper by giving enough information to tell your readers
ďˇ which source from your reference list they are looking at
ďˇ publication date of the source and
ďˇ where in the source the information can be found.
It is usually best to reference the source in textâusually by the authorâs last name, followed by
the publication date (in parentheses) and a past tense signal verb. If present in the source, also
include a page or paragraph number in parentheses at the end of the sentence. APA also
allows writers to include all of these pieces of information together in a parenthetical citation,
with a comma and a space between each piece.
Examples (In-text citation models from LS, highlights added for clarity):
Model 1: Author named in a signal phrase (using past tense):
Author Quoted
Grady (2015), a notable dinosaur expert, stated, âDinosaurs have become popular
lately since they have been released into the wildâ (p. 5).
In this example, the authorâs last name is mentioned in a signal phrase, the publication date is
shown in a parenthetical citation directly following the authorâs name, and the page number is
given in a parenthetical citation as close as possible to the quotation itself. Notice the location
of the period.
Author Paraphrased or Summarized
People have recently become more interested in dinosaurs due to their increased
presence, according to Grady (2015, p. 5).
In this example, the date in parentheses immediately follows the authorâs last name; the page
number then follows the date. Notice the location of the period.
Model 2: Author named in parentheses:
Author Quoted
One notable dinosaur expert (Grady, 2015) has stated, âRaptors do not think of people
as Alphas, but food; they donât make good petsâ (p. 17).
Author Paraphrased or Summarized
Raptors regard humans as prey rather than predators; therefore, raptors would not be
easily domesticated (Grady, 2015, p. 17).
The first example references the author, publication date, and page number split between two
parenthetical citations around the quoted words. The second example references the author,
publication date, and page number in one parenthetical citation at the end of the paraphrase.
OCC WRITING CENTER APA REFERENCES HANDOUT 2
In-Text Citation Examples (continued):
A work with two authors:
Grant and Sattler (1993) shared the results of their archaeological digs in hopes of
bringing dinosaurs to life for everyone, not just scientists (p. 55).
-OR-
Two experts in the field (Grant & Sattler, 1993, p. 55) shared the results of their
archaeological.
Building your vocabulary is one of the easiest ways to improve the power of your writing and make any writing task that much easier. This is the "how " to improve your vocabulary.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using âinvisibleâ attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
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This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Operation âBlue Starâ is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
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Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2. Purpose for citing
The purpose for citing is to let readers know that a
specific piece of information you're providing has a
source/author, other than your own observation or
reasoning. In many cases, the strength and credibility of
your work depends on the validity of your sources, the
quality of the sources (especially peer reviewed journals),
and your ability to represent those sources clearly
without plagiarizing. Even if you fail to cite a source, or
cite improperly, without meaning to do so, the
consequences can be just as dire as if you did it on
purpose, especially in academic and professional settings.
3. 1. Gathering Information
First you need to find out what
kind of information you'll need
from each type of source. If
you're using a strict format
that requires the copyright
year of each book you refer to,
it can be a pain to go through
all of your research without
knowing this, then have to go
back, find all the books at the
library, and determine the
copyright date. Generally, it's
better to record more
information than less, just in
case.
4. Books
Collect the full names of all authors, title of
the book, city of publication, publisher's
name, and the year of publication. If the book
is published by an organization and the
individual authors aren't listed, write down
the full name of the organization. For
electronic books, also record the URL and date
of access. Encyclopedias and dictionaries -
Also get the full name of the author who
wrote the entry (if it is given), the entry title,
the number of volumes in the set, and the
edition. Write down the volume you're using
and the page numbers, unless the content is
organized alphabetically.
⢠Anthologies and collections - Note the
author and the title of individual work
you're citing (poem, play, short story, etc.),
the full names of any editors and
compilers, and the page number(s).
⢠If the work was previously published in
another book, record the information for
the original source as described above.
5. Journal articles.
Collect the journal title, article
title, author name(s), volume
and issue number of the
journal, date of publication, and
page numbers of the article. If it
is an online journal, also record
the page or paragraph numbers
(if applicable), URL, and the
date you accessed the site. If
you are accessing the article
through a database, also record
the database name.
6. Magazine articles.
Collect the author(s) names,
title of the article, title of the
magazine, volume number (if
applicable), date of
publication, and page
numbers. For online
magazines, get the date of
access and URL as well. If you
access the magazine through a
database, find the
vendor/supplier of database,
database name, accession
number of article (if
applicable), and the date of
access.
7. Newspaper articles
Collect the name of the author
of the article, title of the
article, name of the
newspaper, date of
publication, and the section,
page and column location of
the article. If the newspaper is
online, get the URL and date of
access, too. If you found the
newspaper article in a
database, write down the URL,
date of access, database, and
library through which article
was accessed (name, city, and
state)
8. Websites.
Get the author's name (if
given), title of work, group
responsible for the site (if
applicable), date site was last
updated, date of access, and
URL. If you have trouble
finding everything except the
last two items, you might want
to reconsider the validity of
this source. For postings, also
get the title of posting, post
number (if numbered), date of
posting, URL the post was
made to, and URL of message
archives
9. Government documents
If published by the US
government, get the
issuing agency, title of the
document, number of the
Congress, session number
of Congress, place of
publication, date of
publication, document
number (if given), and
SuDoc number.
10. Letters and interviews
Collect the names of the
author and recipient (or
interviewer and
interviewee), date
written/conducted, name
of collection, name of
depository, and the
depository's location.
11. 2. Placing Your References In-Text
Place a reference next to
each statement that
you've cited. When you're
writing your final paper,
be sure to keep track of
which source each cited
statement came from.
How you do so depends
on which format you're
using.
12. Place an MLA reference
Write author (last name) and
page number in parentheses. If
the author is already mentioned
in the statement, just put the
page number in parentheses. If
there are two authors, name
them both with "and" in the
middle. Use commas if there are
more than two authors. Place the
citation before a punctuation
mark.
⢠E.g. Leaving the ground in sod
increases the organic matter
of the soil by 15% in 10 years
(Alison 45).
13. Use Turabian footnotes.
Add a superscript number at
the end of the statement to
denote which source it is
referring to. Even if you refer
to the same source multiple
times, it gets a new superscript
number every time. Start the
superscript numbers from 1
every time you start a new
page.
⢠E.g. Leaving the ground in
sod increases the organic
matter of the soil by 15% in
10 years.1
14. Place an APA reference.
Write the author (last name or organization
name) and year in parentheses. Use commas.
Add "p." and a space before the page number
if the statement is a direct quote. If the author
is already mentioned in the statement, put the
year in parentheses next to the name (and put
the page number in parentheses at the end of
the statement, if applicable). Place the citation
before a punctuation mark. If there are two or
three authors in parentheses, use "&" instead
of "and".
⢠E.g. Leaving the ground in sod increases
the organic matter of the soil by 15% in 10
years (Alison, 1987).
⢠E.g. Allison (1987) asserted that "leaving
the ground in sod increases the organic
matter of the soil by 15% in 10 years" (p.
45).
15. Use the CSE Citation-Sequence
Add a superscript number at the end of the
statement to denote which source it is
referring to. Unlike with the Turabian
footnotes, there's only one superscript
number for each source. It's possible to have
superscript numbers on one page that are out
of order if a source was cited on a previous
page. You can also cite multiple sources at
once by specifying a range, or using a comma.
The citation can go in the sentence or at the
end, after punctuation.
⢠E.g. Leaving the ground in sod increases
the organic matter of the soil by 15% in 10
years.3 As discussed earlier in this paper,
the root system of the sod aerates the
soil.1 Multiple studies suggest that this is
a phenomenon observed in every soil
type.8-12
16. Use CSE Name-Year.
Write the author last name and
publication year in parentheses. If
the author is already mentioned
in the statement, just put the
year in parentheses. If there are
two authors, name them both
with "and" in the middle. Use
commas only if there are more
than two authors. Place the
citation before a punctuation
mark.
⢠E.g. Leaving the ground in sod
increases the organic matter
of the soil by 15% in 10 years
(Alison 1987).
17. Cite in Chicago Manual of Style.
Chicago style usually lists
author and then date. This
style is recommended for
natural and social
sciences, as well as the
other humanities.
⢠Similar to MLA as
described in pervious
slide.
18. Legal/Blue Book format for citations in
legal documents.
Depending on the type of work, may use in-
line citations or footnotes/endnotes. The
general format follows the form of case name
or author and article name, followed by a
comma, then [Volume Number] Authority
Name [Page number of start of case/article or
section number of statute], followed by the
date in parenthesis.
⢠For example, Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S.
137 (1803) (a case named Marbury v.
Madison, found in the fifth volume of the
reports of the U.S. Supreme Court,
starting at page 137), 12 U.S.C. §3401 et
seq. (a statute beginning at section 3401
of the 12th volume of the United States
Code) and Warren and Brandeis, The Right
to Privacy, 4 Harvard L.R. 193 (1890) (a
journal article from the fourth volume of
the Harvard Law Review).
19. 3. Writing Your Bibliography
Assemble the list of works cited or
references. This is what the reader
will refer to when they see a citation
and want to find out where you got
the information. It usually goes at
the end of the work (except when
you use Turabian footnotes) and is
sometimes referred to as a
bibliography (when it includes
sources that were not directly cited).
The following links contain guidelines
and examples for commonly used
styles:
⢠APA
⢠Turabian
⢠MLA
⢠Chicago Manual of Style
20. Don't forget to put your sources in order!
For most formats, you will need to put your
sources in alphabetical order.
21. Make sure to include all of your sources in
your bibliography. You do not want to be
accused of plagiarism.