Real comm2e ch9
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This chapter discusses groups and group communication. It defines groups as collections of people who share relationships and work toward common goals. Groups develop over time through forming, storming, norming, and performing stages. Group size affects communication, as larger groups are more formal and allow less individual contribution. Networks within groups determine how members interact. The chapter also identifies various group roles that members play and factors like cohesion, norms, and individual differences that influence group communication effectiveness.
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This presentation was prepared specifically for my students at V.T.H.S. The contents however is made available to ALL interested students who are doing Social Studies. The emphasis is on GROUPS...hope it will be beneficial to you.
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The document discusses various aspects of group dynamics and decision-making. It defines what a group is, the differences between groups and teams, and describes types of groups such as formal and informal groups. It also outlines Tuckman's five stages of group development, key dynamics that influence groups such as their composition, size, roles, norms and cohesiveness. Additionally, it discusses conditions that affect group behavior both externally from the organization and internally from within the group, and highlights advantages and disadvantages of group decision-making processes.
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William McDougall
Sigmund Freud
Jacob L. Moreno
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M. Scott Peck
Richard Hackman
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Contact hypothesis (intergroup contact theory)
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The document discusses group dynamics and defines it as the social process by which people interact and behave in a group environment. It provides characteristics of groups such as having two or more persons who directly interact and have a collective identity and common purpose. The document also discusses types of groups like formal, informal, task, and interest groups, as well as stages of group development and factors that affect group behavior.
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The document discusses key aspects of groups and teams, including:
1) It compares the characteristics and functions of groups versus teams, noting that teams have shared leadership, collective responsibility and work towards common goals through integration and coordination.
2) It outlines different types of groups like formal, informal, command, task force, functional and cross-functional groups.
3) It describes Tuckman's five stages of group development: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Groups may progress through these stages sequentially or simultaneously.
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This document discusses groups and teams in organizations. It defines groups and teams, and describes different types of groups like formal vs informal groups and task vs command vs interest groups. It also discusses characteristics that distinguish teams from groups. The document outlines factors that influence group dynamics and effectiveness, such as group size, task interdependence, roles, leadership, stages of group development, norms, conformity/deviance, and cohesiveness. It provides guidance for managers to motivate groups, reduce social loafing, and manage groups for high performance. Various group decision making techniques are also summarized.
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The document discusses key aspects of small group communication including definitions, types, development, decision-making processes, leadership, roles, and conflict management. Small groups are defined as having 3-12 members who interact and work towards common goals. Groups can be task-oriented like work teams or more social in nature. Models of group development generally involve stages like forming, storming, norming, and performing. Effective decision-making uses techniques like brainstorming, reflective thinking, and the nominal group process. Leadership, roles, and managing conflict constructively are important for group functioning.
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This presentation was prepared specifically for my students at V.T.H.S. The contents however is made available to ALL interested students who are doing Social Studies. The emphasis is on GROUPS...hope it will be beneficial to you.
Group and team dynamics
Definition, difference, stages of group development, types of group, team effectiveness, theories of group.
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If you would like to download these slides, send me via: nguyenpuyen91@gmail.com with your purpose of download.
Small group communication
Small group communication is defined as communication between 3 to 15 members who freely communicate with each other and share common goals and purposes. The key features of small groups include their size, members, tasks, and norms. There are also primary types of small groups such as social groups, self-help groups, learning groups, service groups, public groups, work groups, and virtual groups. Small group communication can involve different types of talk centered around tasks, roles, identity, and interpersonal exchanges.
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Group structure refers to the roles, norms, and networks of relationships that define and organize a group. Norms are unwritten rules that regulate members' behaviors and develop gradually over interactions. Roles are sets of expected behaviors for people in certain positions within a group. Role differentiation occurs as roles become more specialized. Status differentiation is when some members gain more authority, with certain individuals acquiring status through their accepted claims and authority. Communication and attraction networks describe who interacts most frequently within the group, influencing outcomes like performance and satisfaction.
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Group structure consists of norms, roles, and networks that organize member interactions. Norms develop over time through member imitation and internalization. Roles specify expected behaviors based on member positions. Social network analysis measures group structure through indexes like density and centrality. Status networks develop through competition and stereotyping. Attraction networks form through sociometric differentiation. Communication networks influence outcomes based on their centralization.
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Group behavior involves two or more people interacting as members of a group to achieve shared goals. There are two main types of groups: formal groups, which have defined rules and goals; and informal groups, which are based on friendship and personal relationships. People join groups for security, affiliation, power, goal achievement, self-esteem, and status. As groups develop over time, they establish norms, roles, status hierarchies, and levels of cohesion. Group decision-making processes aim to leverage the knowledge and talents of members through techniques like brainstorming and nominal group processes.
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The document discusses various aspects of group dynamics and decision-making. It defines what a group is, the differences between groups and teams, and describes types of groups such as formal and informal groups. It also outlines Tuckman's five stages of group development, key dynamics that influence groups such as their composition, size, roles, norms and cohesiveness. Additionally, it discusses conditions that affect group behavior both externally from the organization and internally from within the group, and highlights advantages and disadvantages of group decision-making processes.
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1. Described the differences between formal and informal groups, as well as the four main types of groups: command, task, interest, and friendship.
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3. Discussed techniques for effective group decision-making and potential pitfalls like groupthink. It also covered how group processes like conformity and shift can influence decisions.
4. Defined teams and contrasted them with work groups. It described different types of teams and presented a model for team effectiveness with key roles and considerations for creating effective teams.
Mba i ob u 3.3 foundations of group behavior
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Ebbpa3 b ch17
This document discusses teams and teamwork. It defines a team as a small group of people with complementary skills who work together to achieve shared goals. Teamwork is the process of people actively working together to accomplish common goals. The document outlines various team roles, types of teams, trends in team usage, factors that influence team effectiveness, and stages of team development. It also discusses challenges teams may face and guidelines for managing virtual teams.
Group dynamics and norms
Group dynamics involves how people interact and behave in groups. There are different types of groups like primary groups of close friends and family, secondary groups like organizations, and planned groups formed for a purpose. Groups go through stages of forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Groups are effective when they balance task functions like decision making with maintenance functions like building relationships and addressing members' personal needs. Groups can benefit members but also have risks like oppressing some and creating conflicts.
Group behaviour
Groups form when two or more people come together around shared goals. Groups can be either formal, with established rules and hierarchies, or informal, consisting of personal relationships. People join groups for reasons like security, affiliation, power to achieve goals, self-esteem, and status. Effective groups develop norms, roles, cohesion, and ways to make decisions together. Studying group behavior provides insights into how relationships form and how to organize, lead, and develop groups.
Organizational behavior unit 3: Group Behavior
This document provides an overview of organizational behavior and group dynamics within organizations. It discusses organization structure, types of groups that form, stages of group development, and factors that influence group structure and effectiveness. It also addresses topics like roles, norms, leadership, decision-making processes, team building, communication, and challenges in managing teams. The goal is to understand how groups form and function in organizational settings.
Ch09
Group relationships can be understood from traditional, interpretive, and critical perspectives. The traditional perspective focuses on communication competence in groups and views groups as organizational subsystems like quality circles, focus groups, and task forces. The interpretive perspective sees groups as social constructs defined by permeable boundaries and interdependence with contexts. Groups develop norms that influence conformity and sense-making around values and decision-making. The critical perspective, like Giddens' structuration theory, sees social structures as both enabling and constraining human action in a reciprocal relationship.
Role Of Groups In Organization
- Groups play an important role in organizational behavior. There are various stages of group development including forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning.
- Group decision making has advantages like synergy and sharing of information, but also disadvantages like diffusion of responsibility, lower efficiency, and groupthink.
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Mod 4_Lifeskills updated-2.pptx Presentation
This document provides information on group and team dynamics. It discusses the definition and characteristics of groups, types of groups (formal and informal), composition of groups (homogeneous and heterogeneous), and stages of group formation (forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning). It also covers topics like group thinking, clarifying expectations, group problem solving, achieving group consensus, differences between groups and teams, team dynamics, strategies for boosting team dynamics, causes of poor group dynamics, virtual teams, and managing team performance.
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This document discusses group dynamics and conflict management. It defines what a group is and explains the key features and types of groups, both formal and informal. It also outlines the stages of group development from forming to adjourning. Additionally, it discusses sources and types of conflict as well as styles of conflict management. The goal of conflict management is to resolve issues in a way that leads to a win-win outcome for all parties involved.
PPT Small Group Communication.ppt
Small group communication involves interactions between 3-9 people connected by a common purpose. Key aspects include mutual influence, shared identity, and interdependence. Groups form for various reasons like affection, inclusion, and control. Effective small groups have characteristics like trust, competency, commitment, open communication, collaborative climate, and clear goals. The formation of small groups typically involves stages like orientation, conflict, emergence of consensus, and reinforcement. Models of group formation include Fisher's four stages of orientation, conflict, emergence/consensus, and reinforcement/closure, as well as Tuckman's five stages of forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning.
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This document discusses the concept of social groups. It defines a social group as consisting of two or more people who interact regularly and see themselves as a distinct unit. The document outlines various characteristics of groups, such as common goals, roles, and norms. It also categorizes groups based on factors like formality, size, and the strength of interpersonal ties. Bureaucracy is presented as a formal type of large organization with specialization, rules, and impersonal relations between members. The ideal bureaucracy and potential problems with less effective bureaucracies are also summarized.
group dynamics
This document defines key terms related to group dynamics and discusses their application in nursing service and education. It defines groups, group dynamics, and stages of group development. It also outlines different types of groups, reasons for group formation, theories of how groups are formed, objectives and features of group dynamics, and elements like roles, norms, and atmosphere that characterize group dynamics. The roles and behaviors that individuals take on within groups are described.
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The document defines a group and different types of groups, including formal and informal groups, interacting and co-acting groups, open and closed groups. It also discusses factors that influence group behavior like external conditions, group structure, abilities of members, and leadership. The stages of group development include forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Effective group decision making involves techniques like brainstorming, nominal group technique, and interacting groups. High cohesion leads to greater unity and productivity in a group compared to low cohesion.
Team building and leadership (TBL) complete note
The document discusses groups and teams, outlining key differences and providing details on types of groups, stages of team development, decision-making processes, and leadership. It defines groups as collections of people with common characteristics or purposes, while teams work together for a common cause. Five stages of team development are described: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Various techniques for group decision-making are also outlined.
Group activity
The document defines groups and their key characteristics such as interaction among members, common interests or goals, and members seeing themselves as part of the group. It discusses different types of groups including formal groups established by an organization, informal groups, and change membership groups. The types and purposes of formal and informal groups are described. Factors influencing why people join groups and the benefits of groups from an organizational perspective are also summarized. Stages of group development including forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning are outlined. Alternative theories of group development and some limitations of groups are mentioned. Key aspects related to group norms, tasks, cohesiveness, and increasing/decreasing cohesiveness are defined at a high level
Groups and teams
The document discusses groups and teams. It defines groups and identifies formal and informal groups. It outlines the five stages of group development and discusses the role of the leader in each stage. It also discusses types of teams like problem-solving teams, self-managed work teams, cross-functional teams, and virtual teams. Key differences between work groups and work teams are that work groups share information while work teams generate synergy through coordinated effort.
6.team management
The document discusses project team management and high-performing teams. It describes the importance of teams in organizations and defines what differentiates groups from teams. Key characteristics of teams include a common purpose, interdependence, clear roles, and mutual accountability. Organizations benefit from teams in ways such as increased output, more effective problem-solving, stimulated creativity, and promoted learning. The document outlines various aspects of building, evaluating, and improving team effectiveness.
Gpdynamics 100212051913-phpapp01 (1)
The document provides information about group dynamics and the stages of group development. It discusses how groups are formed and function, including defining what constitutes a group, reasons people join groups, how norms develop, factors that affect group performance such as composition, size and cohesion. It also outlines Bruce Tuckman's five stages of group development: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning.
Introduction and overview of Group Behaviour
Introduction and overview of Group BehaviourRani Channamma University, Sangolli Rayanna First Grade Constituent College, Belagavi
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Real comm2e appb
This document outlines key concepts about mass and mediated communication that will be covered in an upcoming chapter. It will define mass and mediated communication, describe how business and free speech influences media content, and define two explanations for media effects. The chapter will help students articulate how media can influence attitudes and behaviors, describe how converging technologies impact social participation, and develop skills for mindful media consumption.
Real comm2e ch16
This chapter discusses persuasive speaking, including developing a persuasive topic and thesis, evaluating listeners, and choosing an organizational strategy. It explains that the goals of persuasive speaking are to influence attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors by using rhetorical proofs like ethos, logos, and pathos. It also discusses understanding the audience, avoiding logical fallacies, and common organizational patterns like problem-solution for structuring a persuasive speech.
Real comm2e ch15
This chapter discusses informative speaking. It outlines the goals of informative speaking which are to meet the audience's informational needs by gauging their knowledge, choosing an appropriate topic and approach, and making the topic relevant. It also discusses keeping the speech objective and providing truthful, reliable information without plagiarism. The chapter describes eight categories for informative speech topics and four approaches: descriptions, demonstrations, definitions, and explanations. It provides guidelines for informative speeches, such as arousing curiosity, choosing a clear structure, emphasizing key points, and not overwhelming the audience.
Real comm2e ch14
This chapter discusses techniques for effective public speaking, including identifying and managing anxiety, choosing an appropriate delivery style, and using vocal and visual cues. It also covers connecting with your audience, using presentation aids, and practicing your speech, with tips on rehearsing delivery, aids, and timing. The key outcomes are controlling anxiety, enhancing presentations with aids, and efficiently practicing.
Real comm2e ch13
This chapter discusses organizing, writing, and outlining presentations. It covers identifying 3-4 main points for a speech that support the thesis, using supporting subpoints and sub-subpoints, and choosing an organizational pattern like chronological or problem-solution. The chapter also provides guidance on writing an introduction that engages the audience and a conclusion that reinforces the main points and calls the audience to action. Finally, it discusses outlining a speech to confirm clear arrangement of points and assist with delivery.
Real comm2e ch12
This chapter discusses preparing and researching presentations. It covers identifying the purpose and audience for a speech, choosing an appropriate topic, and conducting supporting research. Effective research involves finding credible, up-to-date sources to help accomplish the speech goal. Proper citation and avoidance of plagiarism are also discussed to ensure ethical speaking.
Real comm2e ch12
This chapter discusses preparing and researching presentations. It covers identifying the purpose and audience for a speech, choosing an appropriate topic, and conducting supporting research. Effective research involves finding credible, up-to-date sources to help accomplish the speech goal. Proper citation and avoidance of plagiarism are also discussed to ensure ethical speaking.
Real comm2e ch10
This chapter discusses leadership and decision making in groups. It describes the types of power effective leaders employ, how leadership styles should adapt to situations, and how culture affects appropriate leadership. It also lists the forces that shape group decisions and outlines the six-step decision making process. Additionally, it provides tips for improving leadership in meetings and evaluates group performance based on being on task, member participation, coordination, and interpersonal relationships.
Real comm2e ch8
This chapter discusses managing conflict in relationships. It identifies factors that can lead to productive or unproductive conflict, such as inaccurate perceptions, incompatible goals, or provocation. Conflict triggers include aggression, identity threats, or lack of fairness. How people handle conflict is influenced by power dynamics, culture, gender differences, communication channels, and anonymity online. Strategies for managing conflict include escapist, challenging, or cooperative approaches. Outcomes can include compromise, win-win resolutions where both sides' goals are met, lose-lose where neither side wins, separation, or allocating decision-making power.
Real comm2e ch7
This chapter discusses key aspects of interpersonal relationships including how and why they are formed. It describes the different types of relationships like family, friendship, and romantic relationships. It also outlines some theories about relationship dynamics including uncertainty reduction theory, social penetration theory, and stages of relationships. Finally, it discusses factors that influence self-disclosure and the advantages and disadvantages of maintaining relationships.
Real comm2e ch7
This chapter discusses key aspects of interpersonal relationships including how and why they are formed. It describes the different types of relationships like family, friendship, and romantic relationships. It also outlines factors that influence relationship development such as self-disclosure and the predictable stages relationships typically progress through like initiating, exploring, intensifying, and stabilizing. Additionally, it covers relationship dynamics and how people manage uncertainties to develop intimacy.
Real comm2e ch6
This chapter discusses listening and outlines the listening process. It describes listening as an active process that involves selecting, attending to, understanding, remembering, and responding to messages. The chapter identifies different listening styles such as active, passive, and fidelity listening. It also discusses why we listen, including to gain information, understand critically, empathize, and appreciate. Challenges to listening like distractions, biases, and unethical behaviors are described along with how context impacts the listening experience.
Real comm2e ch5
This chapter discusses nonverbal communication and its functions. Nonverbal communication includes gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, tone of voice, appearance, use of space, touch, time, and culture. It can reinforce, substitute, contradict, or regulate verbal communication. Nonverbal codes are symbols used to communicate without words, and they are influenced by culture, technology, and the situation. The chapter aims to describe the power of nonverbal communication and various nonverbal codes.
Real comm2e ch5
This chapter discusses nonverbal communication and its functions. Nonverbal communication includes gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, tone of voice, appearance, use of space, touch, time, and culture. It can reinforce, substitute, contradict, or regulate verbal communication. Nonverbal codes are symbols used to communicate without words, and they are influenced by culture, technology, and the situation. The chapter aims to describe the power of nonverbal communication and various nonverbal codes.
Real comm2e ch4
This chapter discusses verbal communication and language. It describes how language is used to think and communicate experiences through a system of symbols. It identifies the five functional communication competencies of using language to control, share information, express feelings, be creative, and manage conversations. The chapter also addresses problems that can occur with language abstraction, meaning, labeling, and biased terms. Finally, it examines how language reflects and determines the relational, situational, cultural, and mediated contexts of communication.
Real comm2e ch3
This chapter discusses communication and culture. It defines culture as a learned system of beliefs, values and practices shared by a group. Cultural variables like context, individualism vs collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, and time orientation affect communication between cultures. Groups within cultures also influence communication. Intercultural communication presents challenges like anxiety, ethnocentrism and discrimination, but can be improved by changing cognition, behavior, and becoming more interculturally sensitive. The chapter outlines improving skills like accommodating, listening, thinking before acting, and being empathetic.
Real comm2e ch2
This chapter discusses how perception influences communication. It explains that our personal perspectives and use of schemas can impact how we perceive others. Key concepts include cultural differences in perception, self-concept, attributions to explain behavior, and improving perceptions by verifying assumptions and looking beyond first impressions. The chapter also addresses managing self-presentation and disclosure online versus in-person interactions.
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This chapter introduces communication as an essential human behavior. It defines communication and describes its functions and characteristics. Communication is a symbolic, shared, cultural process that can be intentional or unintentional. It occurs through various channels and is a transactional process between two or more people. The chapter also describes competent communication as process-oriented, appropriate and effective, and tied to well-developed communication skills. Finally, it presents three models of communication: the linear model, interaction model, and competent communication model.
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There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
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Recomendamos muito.
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Real comm2e ch9
- 2. • List the characteristics and types of groups and explain how groups develop • Describe ways in which group size affects communication • Identify the influence of networks on groups Chapter Outcomes
- 3. • Define the roles individuals play in a group • Identify key issues affecting group communication and effectiveness Chapter Outcomes (cont.)
- 4. Understanding Groups • A collection of more than two people who share some kind of relationship • Communicate in an interdependent fashion • Collaborate toward a shared purpose
- 5. Characteristics of Groups • Groups possess: – A shared identity • identify as part of the group – Common goals • either specific or general – Interdependent relationships • the behavior of each member affects the behavior of every other member
- 6. Group Types • Primary groups: – Family and friends • Support groups: – Address personal problems • Social groups: – Offer relationship opportunities • Problem-solving groups: – Address specific problems
- 7. Group Types (cont.) • Study groups: – Task-oriented • Focus groups: – Research-based • Teams: – Carry out a project or specific endeavor • Self-directed work teams – Skilled workers who accomplish a task
- 8. Group Development • Forming stage: – Determine who will be in charge – Define group’s goals • Storming stage: – Determine what roles members will play – Deal with conflicts
- 9. Group Development (cont.) • Norming stage: – Establish agreed norms governing expectations • Norms: recurring patterns of behavior or thinking that become the “usual” way of doing things in the group – Solidify roles – Leader emerges
- 10. Group Development (cont.) • Performing stage: – Members work together to achieve goals and overcome hurdles • Adjourning stage: – Members reflect on accomplishments and failures – Determine next steps as a group
- 11. Group Size and Communication • Larger groups lead to… – More formal interactions – Limited opportunities for individual members to contribute – Less intimate communication – More time-consuming interactions – More complex relationships
- 12. Group Size and Communication (cont.)
- 13. Size, Cliques, and Coalitions • Larger groups lead to… – Emergence of cliques (coalitions) • Small subgroups of individuals who have bonded together within a group – Development of countercoalitions • Subgroups that position themselves against each other on issues
- 14. Group Size and Social Loafing • The larger the group… – the more likely social loafing is to occur • Failing to invest the same level of effort in the group that you would put in if working alone • Affects participation and communication in groups – the more difficult it is to assess individual contributions to the group
- 15. Group Networks • Networks are patterns of interaction governing who speaks with whom in a group and about what. – Centrality: the degree to which an individual sends and receives messages from others in the group – Isolation: a position from which a group member sends and receives fewer messages than other members
- 16. Group Networks (cont.) • Types of Networks
- 17. Understanding Group Roles • Information giver: – Offers facts, beliefs, personal experience, or other input during group discussions • Information seeker: – Asks for additional input or clarification of ideas or opinions • Elaborator: – Provides further clarification of points, often adding to what others have said
- 18. Understanding Group Roles (cont.) • Initiator: – Moves the group toward its objective by proposing solutions, new ideas, or suggestions • Administrator: – Keeps the conversation on track • Elder: – Online group member who has participated a long time; respected by newbies
- 19. Understanding Group Roles (cont.) • Social roles include: – Harmonizers: smooth tension – Gatekeepers: ensure everyone contributes – Sensors: express group feelings and moods to recognize the climate
- 20. Understanding Group Roles (cont.) • Antigroup roles include: – Blockers: use destructive communication – Avoiders: change the subject, express cynicism – Recognition seekers: boast for attention – Distractors: go off on tangents – Trolls: insert irrelevant, inflammatory comments
- 21. Understanding Group Roles (cont.) • Role conflict: – Occurs when group expectations are incompatible with a member’s behavior – Makes group communication challenging
- 22. Additional Factors Affecting Group Communication• Cohesion: – The degree to which group members have bonded and consider themselves one entity – Necessary for a positive group climate • Groupthink: – When group members strive to maintain cohesiveness, minimize conflict by refusing to critically examine ideas, analyze proposals, or test solutions
- 23. Additional Factors Affecting Group Communication (cont.)• Norms: – Determined by the group; imposed by its members – Unproductive norms may hinder communication • Clarity of goals: – Define in terms of problem – Establish performance standards, resources, contingencies, reporting
- 24. Additional Factors Affecting Group Communication (cont.) • Individual differences: – Cultural factors • Individualistic vs. collectivist • Gender and sex differences – Communication apprehension • Low self-esteem • Status differences • Unbalanced participation