Group behavior involves two or more people interacting as members of a group to achieve shared goals. There are two main types of groups: formal groups, which have defined rules and goals; and informal groups, which are based on friendship and personal relationships. People join groups for security, affiliation, power, goal achievement, self-esteem, and status. As groups develop over time, they establish norms, roles, status hierarchies, and levels of cohesion. Group decision-making processes aim to leverage the knowledge and talents of members through techniques like brainstorming and nominal group processes.

1. Group Behaviour
Lokesh Irabatti
MIT, Pune

2. MeaningTwo or more people
Shared goals
People see themselves
As members
There is interaction
Among members
Group
Meaning

3. Group
Formal
Task
Command
Informal
Friendship
Interest
Types of groups

4. FORMAL ORGANISATION
A formal organization is formed when:
•Two or more persons come together.
•They have a common objective (goal).
•They are willing to work together to achieve the
common objective.
Formal Organization has its own rules and
regulation. These rules must be followed by the
member

5. • All informal organizations exist within the formal
organization.
• An informal organization is a network of personal
and social relationships.
• There are many groups of friends in a formal
organization.
• An informal organization does not have its own
rules and regulation.
Informal group

6. Why do people joint group?
Security-
By joining a group, individuals can reduce the
insecurity of standing alone. People feel stronger
and more resistant to threats when they are part of
a group. Group provides safety and protection
against a common enemy.

7. Affiliation-
Groups can fulfill social needs. People enjoy the
regular interaction that comes with groups me
membership for many people these on the job
interaction are their primary sources for fulfilling
their need for affliction.
Power-
What cannot be achieved individually after
becomes possible through group action. There is
power in number.

8. Goal achievement-
Through pooling of knowledge, resources,
talents and power in-group, people are able to
achieve goals that may not be possible
individually. More than one person can achieve
one particular goal easily. In such instances
management will rely on the use of formal group
Self-esteem-
Membership of prestigious groups increases the
self-esteem of people. It generates positive
felling of self worth.

9. Status-
Individuals get recognition and status when they
are members of groups that are considered to be
important by other. people look at them with
respect and awe.

10. 5 stage model of group development

11. Four different aspects of group
structure are:
Norms
Roles
Status
Cohesiveness
Group Structure

12. Group norms
Norms are the Set of belief's, feelings, and attitudes
commonly shared by group members. These are also
referred to as rules or standards of behaviour that
apply to group members. Norms serve three
functions namely
Predictive- basis for understanding
the behaviour of others
Relational- some norms
define relationships
Control- regulate the
behaviour of others

13. Role
Various parts or roles are played by group members.
There are two elements that define this role identity-
 Role Perception-An individual is expected to
behave according to his own perception in the group.
 Role Expectation-It is defined as how others believe
one should behave in a given situation

14. Status
Status is “ a socially defined position or rank given to groups or group
members by others.” Group members get high status or low status in the
Group based on their authority and performance

15. COHESION
SOCIAL TASK
The bonds of interpersonal
attraction that link
group members
The way in which skills&
abilities of the group
members mesh to allow
optimal performance
Cohesiveness

16.  High Cohesiveness
- Unity
- Interactive
- Positive Feelings
- Ability to Cope with Problems
- More Productive
Low
Cohesiveness
- Negative Feelings
- More Problems
- Less Productive

17. Group Decision-making
 Group Decision making is a process of taking
decisions collectively by group of members.
 Group consists of committees, taskforce, team
& other formal & informal groups.
 Group decisions would become particularly
appropriate for non programmed decisions i.e.
new or unique decisions e.g. moving to new
market, product diversification, new investment
etc.

18. Process of decision making

19. TECHNIQUES OF GROUP DECISION MAKING
•Brain storming
•Nominal group technique
•Electronic meetings
•Interacting groups

20. •Brainstorming is a group technique by which efforts
are made to find a conclusion for a specific problem
by gathering a list of ideas spontaneously
contributed by its member.
•Generate as many ideas as possible, suspending
evaluation until all the ideas have been suggested.
Brainstorming

21. •Individuals silently list their ideas.
•Ideas are written on a chart one at a time until
all ideas are listed.
•Discussion is permitted but only to clarify the
ideas. No criticism allowed.
•A written vote is taken
Nominal group technique

22. • Most of the decision making in a group
happens in a meeting.
•The most important advantage is that the
members can interact face to face.
• Disadvantage is that the decisions taken in
interacting groups are affected by group
think, pressure to conform etc.
INTERACTING GROUPS

23. Electronic meetings
•The members of the group interact with the help of
computers through connected computer terminals.
•Projector screen is used to show the individual
comments and votes on an issue.
•This method reduces group think and the time
wasted in socializing the meeting.

24. Conclusion
The groups operate on a common tasks and common
attitudes. The group behaviour is how you interact
between the group members in social situation.
The group behaviour is essential to study since it
helps to find how the relationships are made within a
group. This helps to know how a group is made and
how it should be organized, lead and promoted .