Groups form for reasons like security, recognition, power, and goal accomplishment. There are different types of groups like formal command groups and informal friendship groups. Groups typically go through stages of forming, storming, norming, and performing as members learn roles and develop cohesion. Leadership involves influencing groups toward goals, and groups use techniques like brainstorming, nominal groups, and Delphi to make decisions. Conflicts can be intra-group or inter-group regarding roles or norms, and strategies like compromising or withdrawing can help manage conflicts.

2. Definition:
Two or more persons interacting and interdependent
who have come together to achieve a common goal.
Reasons for group formation:
Security
Recognition
Power
Warmth and support
Goal accomplishment

3. Types of group:
Group
Formal
Command
Task
Informal
Friendship
Interest

4. Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing

5. Description:
1. Forming
 Period of learning about others.
 Members try to find out
• what is expected of them?
• How they will fit into the group?
2. Storming
 Members try to establish norms for
appropriate behavior.
 Conflict arises as members become more
proactive and compete for various group
roles.

6. Description:
3. Norming
Group develops its first sense of cohesion
as roles are established and consensus
forms around group objectives
Members develop relatively similar mental
models.
4. Performing
Group becomes more task-oriented.
Members are working in perfect co-
ordination.
Resolve conflicts more efficiently.

7. Definitionof leadership:
The ability to influence people toward the accomplishment of
organizational goals.

8. Types of leaders in a group
LEADER
FORMAL INFORMAL

9. For taking various decision in the group people go
for certain techniques are followed and their
names are as follows:
1.Brainstorming
2.Nominal group
3.Delphi technique

10. 1. Brainstorming:
•It is meant for overcoming the pressures for conformity in
the interacting group that retard the development of creative
alternatives.
•In this technique
Half a dozen to a dozen people sit around a table.
Group leader states the problem in a clear manner to all
participants.
Members then free-wheel as many alternatives as they
can in a specific length of time.
All the alternatives are recorded.
No criticism is allowed.
Record is then used for group discussion and analysis.
•It is merely a process of generating ideas.

11. 2. Nominalgroup technique
• It restricts the discussion or interpersonal communication during
the decision making process.
• Group members are present in the same fashion as they are
available in committee.
• Members work independently.
• Steps followed to solve the problem presented are:
 Before any discussion people meet as group.
 Each member writes his or her ideas on the group.
 Each member presents their ideas turn wise to the group.
 All ideas are recorded and till its recording is finished no
discussion takes place.
 Then the group discusses on each idea and analyze them.
 Each group member then rank the ideas silently and
independently.

12. 3. Delphi technique
• It is systematic pools the collective knowledge of experts
on the particular subject to make decisions, predict the
future, or identifying opposing views.
• Delphi groups do not meet face to face.
• The group members submit possible solution or
comments regarding issue to the central convener.
• The compiled results are returned to the panel for a
second round of comments.
• This process may be repeated a few more times until
consensus or dispenses emerges.

13. Definitionof group conflict
It is the perceived difference of values between two or more
groups resulting into the mutual opposition.

14. CONFLICT
INTER-GROUP INTRA-GROUP
Types of group conflict

15. INTRA-GROUPCONFLICT
•Conflict arisen within the one group
itself.
INTER-GROUPCONFLICT
•Conflict arisen between two groups.

16. 1. Role conflict:
•A situation in which an individual is confronted by divergent
role expectations.
2. Group norms:
•Generally accepted informal rules that guide the behavior of
group members.
•Characteristics of norms given by HACKMAN:
Norms summarize and simplify group influence.
Norms apply only to behavior and not to private thoughts.
Norms are developed for behaviors which are important
by the most group members.
Norms are developed gradually.
Every norms are not applied to everyone.

17. When the conflict arises in the group it needs to be get
managed before it starts ruining the group. this can be
done by following the various conflict management
strategies. The names of such strategies are jotted
below:
1. Compromising
2. Withdrawal
3. Identifying the common enemy
4. Reduce inter-dependence
5. Ignore the conflict

18. At last we are able infer some important points from the
presentation and they are listed as below:
1. The group members unity is very important to achieve the
common goal of the group.
2. The group leader should be an efficient and balanced
person who can lead the group without involving the
personal perception of the group members.
3. Certain group norms are necessary within the group to
maintain the peaceful working condition and harmony
amongst the group members.
4. The decision taken in the group should be accepted by
each and every group members.
5. Sometimes conflict within the group is good as it
increases the thinking power of the members. But if it is
exceeding its limit then the conflict needs to get managed.