The document provides information about population studies including global and country-specific case studies on population distribution, change, growth and structure. It discusses factors influencing population distribution and gives examples of densely and sparsely populated areas. World population growth trends since 1950 and differences between MEDCs and LEDCs are examined. Specific case studies on the EU, Japan, Brazil, India and France cover distribution, structure, demographic transition stage and migration patterns and policies.

1. POPULATION GCSE Guide

2. Aspects of Population Studies Population Distribution Global Country case studies (EU, MEDC, LEDC) Population Change, Growth, measurement Global Country case studies (MEDC, LEDC comparisons) Population Structure Country case studies

3. Population Distribution Factors affecting population distribution climate Relief (topography) access resources work vegetation

4. Geography Population Places where people live Forest River Valley Mountain Desert Forest River Valley Mountain Desert Densely populated Sparsely populated 2.Gentle slopes 3.Good soil 5.Many natural resources 4.Poor water supply 8. Steep slopes 9. Few natural resources 10. Dense forest

5. Dense population around edges of continents Sparse population in northern high latitudes Dense population in Western Europe Sparse population in central & west Australia & Northern Africa Dense population in India & SE Asia

6. Can you explain the global pattern of global population distribution? 1. Densely populated areas are found …. This is because.. 2. Sparsely populated areas are found… This is because..

7. World Population Growth

9. What is happening to the world’s population? Look at the slides showing world population growth. What is the global trend? How many people are there in the world today? How has the rate of growth altered since 1950? What are the differences between the growth in MEDCs & LEDCs? Can you see any similarities in the pattern between MEDCs & LEDCs? When & at what number is the world’s population predicted to stop growing?

28. Dependency ratio Number of Dependents Number of working population High figures show more people depend on the workforce Low figures show less people depend on the workforce A ratio of 1 means every working person supports one other non-working person. What are the problems associated with a high, young dependent population? (LEDC) What are the problems associated with a high elderly dependent population? (MEDC)

29. Case Study Countries EU: UK & France MEDC outside the EU: Japan LEDC: Brazil, China, India ( Kerala) You need to know: Population distribution Population structure Stage on the Demographic transition model & Trends Migration Policies

30. What should you do next? For each case study… Annotate a simple outline map showing high, medium & low density population; explain why this is like it is. Draw a quick population pyramid & say what this shows What stage of the Demographic Transition Model is it? Annotate a map or describe migration within or into/out of the country Describe the concerns & the policies in place to deal with these Predict the future position – concerns & solutions – for that country

31. Population Distribution in Japan Key: 1: 2: 3:

32. Population Distribution in Japan Highest in Pacific Belt (Kansai Region); flat coastal plain, sheltered harbours, ports, access, industrial core. Lowest in land on high mountain ranges & in furthest islands, eg Hokkaido.

33. Population Distribution in Brazil: Key: 1: 2: 3:

34. Population Distribution in Brazil High Density in South East, & North East (coastal access, ports, flat plain, industry, climate) Lowest Density in tropical rainforest (climate, density of vegetation, poor access) Medium density in South-east hinterland (relief, resources, road access)

35. Population Distribution in France: Key: 1: 2: 3:

36. Population Distribution in France Concentrated in traditional industrial regions (access, resouces, industrial growth pole/core) eg Nord, pas de Calais , Isle de Paris Rhone Valley Lowest in steep mountainous regions (alpine climate, remote, poor access) Eg Massif Central Alps

37. Changing Population of Settlements Growth: In MEDCs: Edge of city – suburbanisation (Bradley Stoke), along transport routes (M32, Ring road) & in commuter towns (Nailsea, Long Ashton); regenerated city centres (Bristol City Docks) In LEDCs: Crowded city centres (Rocinca in Rio), edge of city slums (Mexico City), New growth areas (Barra in Rio)

38. Migration The movement of people Reasons: Push Factors Pull Factors Poor quality environment Lack of jobs Lack of opportunity Few facilities War / political unrest Lack of health care Loss of community personal Better quality environment (housing, water..) Job opportunities Many facilities ( eg education, leisure) Safety Good health care New community Desire for new start

39. Migration:Types of movement Internal: Rural to rural – farm to village Rural to urban – out of countryside, eg looking for work Urban to urban – one city to another for job change or moving house & commuting Urban to rural – people can travel to work, retire to the countryside, work from home International: Emigrate – move away from Immigrate – move into Migrate - move

40. Population Policies China’s One Child Policy Each family can have one child Tax incentives, help with education, creche support ‘ granny police’ watch over women at work Permits are given to have a child People have to pay back & get fined if they have more than one child