World population is unevenly distributed, with 90% living in just 10% of the Earth's land area. The main geographic factors that influence population distribution are the availability of water, fertile land, a comfortable climate, and mineral resources. Areas with more economic opportunities like cities, industrial belts, and places with religious significance tend to have denser populations. Population change is measured by birth rate, death rate, and migration. While it took millions of years for the global population to reach 1 billion, it only took 12 years to grow from 5 to 6 billion due to declining mortality rates.

1. World Population
Currency verma

2. PATTERNS OF POPULATION
DISTRIBUTION
• Patterns of population distribution and density help us
to understand the demographic characteristics of any
area.
• Pop. Distribution refers to “the way the people are
spaced over the earth surface”
• 90 % of the world population lives in 10 % of its land
area
• 10 countries of the world contribute 60% of the world’s
population
• Out of 10 populous countries, 6 are in Asia ( China,
Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, Russia and Indonesia),
Japan, Brazil, USA

3. To understand the ratio between the
number of population to the size of land
This ratio is the density of population
It is measured in persons per SQ. km
DENSITY OF
POPULATION

4. Dense area
• High density areas
 ( more than 200 persons/sq km)
North eastern part of USA, North western part of Europe,
south ,south east and East Asia
• Medium density areas
 (11-50 persons/sq km)
Western China, Southern India in Asia, Norway, Sweden
(Europe)
• Low density) areas
 (less the 1 person / sq km
North and South poles, hot and cold deserts and high rainfall
zones near Equator.

6. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE
DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION
1. GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS

7. PEOPLE prefer to live in
those area where fresh
water can be easily
available, used for
drinking, bathing and
cooking, for cattle, crops,
industries and navigation.

8. PEOPLE prefer living on flat plains and
gentle slopes. Because areas are favorable
for the crops production and to build roads
and industries, for example, Ganga plains.

9. Areas with a comfortable
climate, where there is not
much seasonal variation
attract more people.

10. Fertile soils are important for
agricultural and allied
activities. Therefore,
areas which have fertile
loamy soils have dense
population. Eg. Northern
plains of India

11. 2. Economic Factors

12. Areas with mineral deposits attract industries and therefore generate
employment

13. Cities offer better employment
opportunities, educational and
medical facilities, better means of
transport and communication
and good civic amenities which
attract more population.

14. Industrial belts provide job
opportunities and attract
large
numbers of people.

15. 3. Social and cultural fator

16. 1. Attract more
people due to
religious and
cultural
significance
2. People also
move away
from places due
to political and
social unrest

17. 1. Change in
number of
inhabitants of a
territory during
a specific period
of time.
2. Change may
be both positive
and negative.
3. It may be
represented in
absolute
numbers
/percentage.
Population Growth

18. Components Of Population Change

19. Birth rate
CBR= crude birth rate
Bi: live births
P = Mid-year
Population

20. Death
rate
CDR= CRUDE DEATH RATE
D= NO. OF DEATHS
P= ESTIMATED MID YEAR
POPULATION

22. Migration

23. Trends In Population
Growth

24. 1. Earth’s population is more than 6 billion
2. After the evolution and introduction of
agriculture about 8,000 to 12,000 years
ago, the size of population was 8 million
3. In the first century A.D. it was below
300 million
4. In the 16th and 17th century the
population growth rate increased due to
expanding world trade.
5. Around 1750, at the dawn of the
Industrial Revolution, the world
population was 550 million.
6. In the 18th century, after the
industrial revolution , world population

25. Doubling Time Of World
Population
1.It took more than a million years
for the human population to
attain the one billion mark
2.But it took only 12 years for it
to rise from 5 billion to 6 billion
3.developed countries are taking
more time to double their
population as compared to
developing countries

27. Spatial Patterns Of Population Change
1. Annual population rate change i.e.
1.6% in 1990-95 to 1.4% in 2004-
05
2. This is due to when a small annual
rate is applied to a very large
population, it will lead to a large
population change
3. Another main reason due to
increase in infant mortality rate
and increase in death rate during
childbirth

29. Impact of population change
1.Death rate
increase in
Africa and
some parts
of the CIS
and Asia due
to deadly
HIV/AIDS
epidemics
2.Population
rate increase

30. Demographic Transition
First stage- high fertility and high
mortality; high fertility because people
reproduce more to compensate for the
deaths due to epidemics and variable
food supply. And high mortality because
of illiteracy and low level of technology.
Second stage- fertility remains
high but declines with time;
Improvements in sanitation and health
conditions lead to decline in mortality
Third stage- Both fertility and
mortality decline. Population becomes
urbanized, literate and has high
technical know how and deliberately
controls the family size

31. Population control measure
• Family planning
• Easy and cheap
availability of
contraceptive
• Education
• Eradicate poverty
• Women empowerment
• Delayed marriages
• Tax disincentives for
large families