Presentation gives a simple image of population growth and natural resources.

2. By Sagar Divetiya
Environment science & technology
110990135013
4th sem

3. 1. Human Population
2. Renewable and Non-Renewable resources
3. Water resources
4. Forest Resources
5. Energy Resources

4.  Find keywords in question
 Remember points and write anything related to that
 Use module as “map” not “book”
 Cram points not paragraphs
 Definitions are real boss in E.S.
 Write exam paper according to time not marks
 Draw big neat figure where needed

5.  Development of Habitation patterns and
Environmental factors governing human
settlement
 Population & Pollution
 Reasons for overpopulation or
population explosion
 Population Growth & its Theories
 Demographic Projections

6.  Development of Habitation patterns and Environmental factors governing
human settlement
◦ Habitat = place where a human lives
◦ Humans have tendency to settle in good environment, better facilities and
availability of natural resources.
 Population & Pollution
◦ Population forecasting/prediction methods
 Reasons for overpopulation or population explosion
 Increased birth rate
 Increased longevity (long lives)
 Reduced infant mortality (death rate of newly born babies)
 Decreased death rate
 Lack of education
 Cultural influences (blind beliefs)
 Immigration/Emigration ( Migration : moving from one place to another)

7.  Population Growth & its Theories
◦ Definition,
 “Population growth is the change in population over time.”
 More precisely, “population growth is the change in number of
individuals in a population using per unit time for measurement.”
◦ Population growth theories
 Malthusian Theory
 Marxian Theory
 According to Karl Marx, Population growth is a symptom rather than the
cause of poverty, crime, starvation resource depletion and pollution.

9.  Demographic Projections/Transitions
◦ Demography definition,
 “The scientific and statistical study of human population is called
Demography.” It deals with
 Changes in population (either growth or decline)
 Composition of population (age group)
 Distribution of population (birth, death, migration, aging)
◦ Demography transition
 “If birth and death rates were equal, a zero population growth rate
would result which is called DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION.”

11.  Population Structures
◦ Birth rate - Number of child birth per 100 people per year.
◦ Mortality - Mortality is the death rate per 1000 people per given time
◦ Infant mortality (death) rate - Deaths of infants per 1000 births, in a
given year.
◦ Sex ratio - No. of females per 1000 males.
◦ Total Fertility Rate (TFR) - “Total fertility rate is the average number of
children that would during her life time.”
◦ Age structure (Population pyramid) - “ Number of people or their
percentage in each age group.”

12.  Food Resource
◦ Production of food
 Sources of food
 World food problems
 Types of agricultural systems for food production
◦ Malnutrition or Malnourishment
 “Malnourishment is the lack of specific components of food such as
proteins, vitamins or essential chemical elements.”
◦ Undernourishment
 “It is the lack of sufficient calories in available food, so that one has little
or no ability to move or work.”

13. Renewable Resources
Non-renewable Resources
Destruction versus Conservation

14.  NOTE : If only resources or natural resources are asked then write from
this chapter, and if energy resources are asked then write form 5th chapter.
 Renewable Resources (Non Exhaustible Resources)
◦ Biotic (living resource) : Forest, Agriculture, Fish and wildlife
◦ Abiotic ( non living resource) : Land, water, minerals
 Non-renewable Resources (Exhaustible Resources)
◦ Coal, petroleum, minerals, fossil fuels

15.  Destruction versus Conservation
◦ Destruction
 Ground water overuse
 Forest destruction (deforestation)
 Fertile land destruction
 Surface water destruction
 Coal, oil and minerals destruction
◦ Conservation
 Thus conservation of natural resources may help to reduce the
destruction of natural resources.

16.  Water Resources-Indian Scenario
 Water Sources- Surface & Ground Water
Sources
 Uses & overuses of water resources
 problems due to Overexploitation of Water
Resources

17. (BEST REFERENCE: Basics of Environmental studies; B.R.
Shah, Snehal Popli; Mahajan Publishing House)
 Water Resources-Indian Scenario
 Water Sources- Surface & Ground Water Sources
 Uses & overuses of water resources
 problems due to Overexploitation of Water Resources

18.  Forest Resources - Indian Scenario
 Importance of forests- Ecologically &
Economically
 Forest Types
 Deforestations-Causes and effects
 Forest Degradation in India

19.  Forest Resources - Indian Scenario
 Importance of forests- Ecologically & Economically
◦ Ecological importance
 Regulation of global climate and temperature
 Reduction of Global Warming
 Production of Oxygen
 Conservation of Soil
 Improvement in fertility of soil
 Control of water flow
 Habitat to wildlife
 Absorption of Noise
 Absorption of air pollution

20. ◦ Economical importance / Uses of forest products
 Timber
 Fuel food
 Raw material for wood based industries
 Bamboo
 Food
 Miscellaneous products

22.  Forest Types
◦ Tropical Rain forest – (rain whole year) [Tropical = Near Equator]
◦ Tropical Deciduous forest – (rain only in monsoon)
◦ Tropical Shrub Forest – (longer dry season less rain)
◦ Temperate Deciduous forest – (Moderate temperature & rainfall throughout
the year)
◦ Evergreen Coniferous forest (Boreal forests)

23.  Deforestations-Causes and effects
◦ Deforestation
 “The permanent destruction of forests and woodlands is termed as deforestation.”
◦ Desertification
 “Desertification is a type of land degradation in which a relatively dry land region
becomes increasingly arid, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and
wildlife.”
 It is caused by a variety of factors, such as climate change, deforestation and other
human activities.
 Desertification is a significant global ecological and environmental problems.

24. ◦ Afforestation
 “Planting and maintaining trees on areas that were not covered with forest.”
◦ Causes of Deforestation
 Population Explosion
 Shifting Cultivation – (using forest land for agricultural purpose)
 Growing food demand
 Fire wood
 Raw material for wood based industry
 Infrastructure Development
 Forest fires

25. ◦ Effects of Deforestation/Problems created by deforestation
 Soil Erosion
 Expansion of Deserts
 Decrease in rainfall
 Loss of Fertile land
 Effect on climate
 Lowering of water table
 Economic losses
 Losses of flora and fauna
 Losses of Bio-diversity
 Loss of medicinal plants
 Environmental Changes
 Change in living habits

26. ◦Forest Degradation in India
 As mention in Deforestation

27.  Non-Conventional/Renewable Energy
Sources
 Conventional/Non-Renewable energy
sources
 Problems due to
overexploitation/overuse of Energy
Resources

28. Non-Conventional Conventional
Newly established Used from long time ago
Renewable Non-Renewable
Non-exhaustible Exhaustible
Advantages
 Wide availability
 Decentralized power production
 Available for the foreseeable future
 Lower running cost
 Low pollution
 Available in highly concentrated form
 Easy to store
 Reliable supply
 Lower initial cost
Disadvantages/Limitations
 Unreliable supply
 Very difficult to store
 Usually produce in small quantities
 High initial cost
 Limited supply
 Highly polluting
 Available only in few places
 High running cost
Environmental impact
 Less pollution
 Ecologically safe for extent
 High pollution
 Global warming
 Ecological problems

29.  Non-Conventional/Renewable Energy Sources
◦ Solar Energy
 “Energy coming from sun in the form of heat radiation”
 Application
 Solar water heating
 Solar Drying of agricultural and animal products
 Solar Distillation
 Solar cookers
 Solar Engines for water pumping
 Solar furnaces
 Solar photovoltaic cells
 Solar heating of buildings
 Solar green houses

30.  Advantages
 Ease installation and maintenance
 No noise, No pollution
 Disadvantages/Limitations
 Uncertainty of availability
 Large space required
 Depends on amount of sunlight according to region
 Higher initial cost

31. ◦ Wind Energy – (wind mills)
◦ Tidal Energy
 Use of potential difference between high tide and low tide
◦ Hydro Energy - (generally in dams)

32.  Conventional/Non-Renewable energy sources
◦ Coal, Fossil Fuels – Petroleum
 Problems due to overexploitation/overuse of Energy Resources
◦ Extinction of resources
◦ Excessive mining and associated problems
◦ Pollution
◦ Economical Effect

33. “Love your Environment”,
only way to save it