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This document summarizes the differences between direct and indirect speech. It provides examples of converting direct speech into indirect speech by changing verb tenses and pronouns. It also notes that time words need to be changed to match the context. Exercises are included at the end to practice converting direct speech into indirect speech.
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Quoted speech tole
This document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. It provides examples of how to change direct speech into indirect speech by modifying pronouns, verbs, and time words. The document also includes a table showing how the tense changes from direct to indirect speech for different verb tenses. At the end, it lists some direct speech examples and directs the reader to change them into indirect speech.
passive voice
This document summarizes the passive voice in both Arabic and English languages. It provides definitions, forms, and examples of passive sentences in both languages. The passive is used when the actor or doer of the action is unknown, unimportant, or being concealed. In Arabic, the passive is formed by removing the actor and making the object the subject. In English, it involves using a form of the verb "to be" plus the past participle. Examples are provided of simple past, present, future, and perfect passive forms. The conclusion states that the passive is important for changing the focus and meaning of sentences while relating the object and action.
Adverbs and adverbials
This document defines and provides examples of adverbs and adverbial phrases. It explains that adverbs are used to provide information about verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, noting how they indicate manner, time, frequency, or degree. Examples are given of different types of adverbs including adverbs of degree. The document also defines adverbial phrases as phrases that modify verbs, and notes they are often used to indicate place, time, or manner. Examples of adverbial phrases are also provided.
Lavoro di inglese
This document discusses the differences between "used to", "get used to", and "be used to".
"Used to" refers to habitual actions or situations in the past. "Get used to" means becoming accustomed to something new. "Be used to" means being accustomed to or familiar with something due to long experience.
The document provides examples and explanations of the grammar structures and tenses for each expression. Exercises are included to practice using "used to", "get used to", and "be used to" correctly.
Complete Simple Sentences
The document discusses the components of a complete simple sentence, noting that a comma splice occurs when a comma is used instead of a period between two independent clauses. It emphasizes that a complete verb must indicate tense to form a proper sentence, and provides the example sentence "Johnny walked to school" to illustrate a complete simple sentence with a subject ("Johnny") and predicate ("walked to school").
Pronouns possessive pronouns and adjectives
This document discusses possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns, which are important to understand for the TOEFL exam. It notes that possessive adjectives, such as "my", "your", and "their", always come before the noun they describe. Possessive pronouns, such as "mine", "yours", and "theirs", do not accompany nouns and are used alone. The key difference is that possessive adjectives go before nouns while possessive pronouns do not require a noun.
Defining and non defining relative clauses
The document discusses defining and non-defining relative clauses. It defines relative pronouns and explains that defining relative clauses add essential information to the main clause, while non-defining clauses add non-essential information separated by commas. Some examples of defining and non-defining clauses are provided. The document then provides exercises for learners to practice identifying defining and non-defining clauses and using relative pronouns correctly in sentences.
Paraphrasing techniques
The document provides techniques for paraphrasing text, including changing clauses to phrases or vice versa, changing quoted to indirect speech or vice versa, changing between active and passive voice, replacing words with synonyms, changing word forms, combining techniques, interpreting meaning, changing transitions, and changing word forms. Some examples are given to illustrate each technique.
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Quoted speech tole
This document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. It provides examples of how to change direct speech into indirect speech by modifying pronouns, verbs, and time words. The document also includes a table showing how the tense changes from direct to indirect speech for different verb tenses. At the end, it lists some direct speech examples and directs the reader to change them into indirect speech.
passive voice
This document summarizes the passive voice in both Arabic and English languages. It provides definitions, forms, and examples of passive sentences in both languages. The passive is used when the actor or doer of the action is unknown, unimportant, or being concealed. In Arabic, the passive is formed by removing the actor and making the object the subject. In English, it involves using a form of the verb "to be" plus the past participle. Examples are provided of simple past, present, future, and perfect passive forms. The conclusion states that the passive is important for changing the focus and meaning of sentences while relating the object and action.
Adverbs and adverbials
This document defines and provides examples of adverbs and adverbial phrases. It explains that adverbs are used to provide information about verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, noting how they indicate manner, time, frequency, or degree. Examples are given of different types of adverbs including adverbs of degree. The document also defines adverbial phrases as phrases that modify verbs, and notes they are often used to indicate place, time, or manner. Examples of adverbial phrases are also provided.
Lavoro di inglese
This document discusses the differences between "used to", "get used to", and "be used to".
"Used to" refers to habitual actions or situations in the past. "Get used to" means becoming accustomed to something new. "Be used to" means being accustomed to or familiar with something due to long experience.
The document provides examples and explanations of the grammar structures and tenses for each expression. Exercises are included to practice using "used to", "get used to", and "be used to" correctly.
Complete Simple Sentences
The document discusses the components of a complete simple sentence, noting that a comma splice occurs when a comma is used instead of a period between two independent clauses. It emphasizes that a complete verb must indicate tense to form a proper sentence, and provides the example sentence "Johnny walked to school" to illustrate a complete simple sentence with a subject ("Johnny") and predicate ("walked to school").
Pronouns possessive pronouns and adjectives
This document discusses possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns, which are important to understand for the TOEFL exam. It notes that possessive adjectives, such as "my", "your", and "their", always come before the noun they describe. Possessive pronouns, such as "mine", "yours", and "theirs", do not accompany nouns and are used alone. The key difference is that possessive adjectives go before nouns while possessive pronouns do not require a noun.
Defining and non defining relative clauses
The document discusses defining and non-defining relative clauses. It defines relative pronouns and explains that defining relative clauses add essential information to the main clause, while non-defining clauses add non-essential information separated by commas. Some examples of defining and non-defining clauses are provided. The document then provides exercises for learners to practice identifying defining and non-defining clauses and using relative pronouns correctly in sentences.
Paraphrasing techniques
The document provides techniques for paraphrasing text, including changing clauses to phrases or vice versa, changing quoted to indirect speech or vice versa, changing between active and passive voice, replacing words with synonyms, changing word forms, combining techniques, interpreting meaning, changing transitions, and changing word forms. Some examples are given to illustrate each technique.
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The document discusses the passive voice in English. It explains that the passive is formed using the verb "to be" in the same tense as the active sentence plus the past participle of the main verb. It provides examples of changing active sentences to the passive, including using "by" to mention the subject of the active sentence. It also covers forming questions and negative sentences in the passive and using the passive with different tenses.
Assignment in english
This document discusses modals in English grammar. It provides examples of common modal verbs like can, may, must, should and would and their meanings for expressing ability, permission, obligation, advice and conditional statements. Modal verbs are different from other verbs in that they do not change form or have infinitives or participles. Modal verbs give information about the function of the main verb they govern and have communicative functions on a scale from possibility to necessity, including epistemic modality about the possibility of propositions, deontic modality about freedom to act, and dynamic modality about one's own ability or willingness to act.
Reduction of adverb_clauses_to_modifying_adverbial_phrases[1]
The document discusses how to change adverb clauses to modifying adverbial phrases by omitting the subject of the dependent clause and changing the verb to the -ing form. It provides examples such as "While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend" becoming "While walking to class, I ran into an old friend." Adverb clauses can only be changed this way when the subject of the adverb clause and main clause are the same. It also discusses how these modifying phrases can express ideas of simultaneous time or cause and effect.
Relative pronouns presentation[1]
Relative pronouns are used to link two sentences that share a noun or pronoun. There are five basic relative pronouns in English: that, who, which, whose, and the elliptical form. Relative pronouns replace nouns in a second, relative clause and have specific uses depending on if the antecedent is animate or inanimate. Relative clauses can be restrictive or nonrestrictive, with restrictive clauses providing essential information and nonrestrictive clauses giving additional, nonessential details.
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The document discusses idiomatic expressions and provides examples. It defines an idiom as an expression with a figurative meaning understood by native speakers. Examples are given such as "up to the ears in work" meaning very busy, "eyeful" meaning attractive, and "apple of my eye" meaning most cherished. The document encourages using idioms in basic conversations and provides a group activity to create dialogues using the examples.
Direct & indirect speech (rizqy pratama .p)
This document discusses the rules for changing direct speech to indirect speech in English. It explains that direct speech uses quotation marks to report someone's exact words, while indirect speech reports what they said without quotation marks. The key rules are:
1) When reporting in the past tense, the verb tenses in the direct speech change accordingly in the indirect speech (e.g. present becomes past).
2) Pronouns may need to change based on the new context.
3) Words indicating time and place can change (e.g. now -> then, here -> there).
4) Questions, commands, exclamations and wishes also have specific changes when converting to indirect speech.
Defining relative clauses
Defining relative clauses provide information to identify a person or thing and can use that, who, which, whom, whose, when, where, or why. That or who is used for people and that or which for things. The relative pronoun can be the subject or object of the verb in the relative clause. In formal English whom is used instead of who as the object. The relative pronoun can be omitted if it is the object of a preposition. Whose indicates possession. When, where, and why are used after time, place, and reason nouns, respectively. Defining relative clauses concisely identify people and things.
Relative clauses
There are two types of relative clauses: defining and non-defining. Defining clauses provide essential information about a noun and are not set off by commas. Non-defining clauses provide extra information about a noun and are set off by commas. Relative pronouns introduce relative clauses and do not change form based on number or gender of the noun. Subject pronouns are used when the relative pronoun is followed by a verb, while object pronouns can be omitted in defining clauses. Relative adverbs like "where" can replace a relative pronoun and preposition.
Paraphrasing techniques
This document discusses techniques for paraphrasing text, including:
1. Rewriting text in your own words while keeping the main ideas. This involves changing clauses to phrases, quoted to indirect speech, active to passive voice, synonyms, and word forms.
2. Combining techniques like changing to a phrase and adding synonyms.
3. Interpreting the underlying meaning of statements.
4. Changing transitions between ideas.
The goal of paraphrasing is to restate information without copying directly from the original source.
09465389009 kua joel
This document provides information on the auxiliary verbs can, could, must, shall, and will in English. It discusses their structure, uses, and differences. The key points are:
- Can is used to talk about possibility, ability, requests and permission. Could is used similarly but for past tense.
- Must is used to express necessity or obligation from the speaker's perspective. Must not and mustn't express prohibition.
- Shall and will have different uses - shall for more objective statements and will for more subjective opinions. Shall is also used for promises or commands.
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Course 7- Unit 9: Modals should and could. -
This document discusses modal verbs, focusing on should and could. It explains that modal verbs are special verbs that express ability, possibility, necessity or obligation of a main verb. Should is used to give advice, such as "you should go to the doctor." It has no conjugation. Could expresses ability or possibility, such as "you could go to the movies." Both should and could are followed by a base form of the main verb. Their negative forms are shouldn't and couldn't. More information on their uses can be found in Top Notch 1 and at the provided link.
Relative clauses (1)
Relative clauses are subordinate clauses that modify a noun phrase and typically begin with who, which, or whose. Who and which are used to refer to people or things, while whose shows possession. Common mistakes include adding extra pronouns after who or which, since these pronouns already take the place of pronouns like he or she. Relative clauses can also be used without an explicit relative pronoun in informal English.
Modal Verbs
This presentation discusses modal verbs and their uses. It introduces modal verbs such as can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, ought to, and had better. It explains how simple modals are used with the base verb form to indicate present and future necessity, while perfect modals use "have" and the past participle to discuss past necessity. Examples are provided of how different modals express various levels of obligation, permission, advice, and suggestion. An activity asks the reader to comment on short scenarios using appropriate modal verbs.
Direct and indirect speech
This presentation provides an overview of direct and indirect speech. It defines direct speech as using exact quotations and indirect speech as reporting someone's words without using quotations. The key differences are that indirect speech involves changing pronouns and verb tenses, as well as expressions of time. Rules for these changes are explained in detail, including examples to illustrate backshifting tenses, changing pronouns, and cases where backshifting does not apply. A review section summarizes the main points and includes practice examples to check understanding.
Relative
The document discusses relative pronouns and clauses. It explains that relative pronouns like who, which, that link two sentences together and introduce a subordinate clause. There are two types of relative clauses - defining and non-defining. Defining clauses do not use commas and provide essential information, while non-defining clauses use commas and provide extra information. The document provides examples and guidelines for using relative pronouns and adverbs correctly based on their function.
Basic Gerund
The document introduces the gerund, which is the '-ing' form of a verb that functions as a noun. Specifically, it notes that the gerund can serve as the subject of a sentence, the complement of the verb "to be", or after prepositions. Some examples are provided that illustrate the gerund functioning in each of these roles, such as "Eating people is wrong" as a subject, "One of his duties is attending meetings" as a complement, and "She avoided him by walking on the opposite side of the road" after a preposition. The document concludes by stating the gerund must also be used after certain prepositional phrases like "in spite of" and "there's no point in
Relatives
The document discusses defining and non-defining relative clauses. Defining relative clauses provide essential information to identify the person or thing being referred to, while non-defining clauses provide extra information and are separated by commas. Relative pronouns like who, which, that introduce both defining and non-defining clauses, but can be omitted in defining clauses when acting as the object.
Paraphrasing techniques
Techniques for successfully paraphrasing a text include changing clauses to phrases or vice versa, changing quoted to indirect speech, changing between active and passive voice, replacing words with synonyms, changing word forms, interpreting the underlying meaning, changing transitions, and combining multiple techniques. The key is to convey the same overall meaning using one's own phrasing and words.
Presentation1
Phrasal verbs are verbs combined with prepositions or adverbs that create meanings different from the original verb. Examples are "ran into" meaning meet and "ran away" meaning leave home. Phrasal verbs can be transitive, taking objects, or intransitive. Some transitive phrasal verbs separate the object from the verb and preposition, while others keep the object after the preposition. Native English speakers commonly use phrasal verbs in everyday conversation.
Filming space
The document lists potential filming locations including a bus, barn, and chairs/seats for Muhammad, Steve, and a camera operator to use. It repeats the list of names and locations multiple times.
Conventions of Thriller Genre
The document outlines several conventions of the thriller genre. It discusses how thrillers aim to create suspense and keep audiences engaged. Key conventions include fast pacing, action scenes, resourceful heroes vs more powerful villains. Plot devices like suspense, red herrings and cliffhangers are commonly used. Thrillers also tend to involve stopping serial crimes, terrorism or government overthrows. Common character archetypes are ordinary heroes facing dangers and known villains. Iconography includes mirrors, weapons, and things that instill fear in victims. Mise-en-scene uses lighting, costumes, and camera angles to manipulate viewers' perspectives. Editing employs quick cuts, flashbacks, and merged shots to build confusion and tension.
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Present passive
The document discusses the passive voice in English. It explains that the passive is formed using the verb "to be" in the same tense as the active sentence plus the past participle of the main verb. It provides examples of changing active sentences to the passive, including using "by" to mention the subject of the active sentence. It also covers forming questions and negative sentences in the passive and using the passive with different tenses.
Assignment in english
This document discusses modals in English grammar. It provides examples of common modal verbs like can, may, must, should and would and their meanings for expressing ability, permission, obligation, advice and conditional statements. Modal verbs are different from other verbs in that they do not change form or have infinitives or participles. Modal verbs give information about the function of the main verb they govern and have communicative functions on a scale from possibility to necessity, including epistemic modality about the possibility of propositions, deontic modality about freedom to act, and dynamic modality about one's own ability or willingness to act.
Reduction of adverb_clauses_to_modifying_adverbial_phrases[1]
The document discusses how to change adverb clauses to modifying adverbial phrases by omitting the subject of the dependent clause and changing the verb to the -ing form. It provides examples such as "While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend" becoming "While walking to class, I ran into an old friend." Adverb clauses can only be changed this way when the subject of the adverb clause and main clause are the same. It also discusses how these modifying phrases can express ideas of simultaneous time or cause and effect.
Relative pronouns presentation[1]
Relative pronouns are used to link two sentences that share a noun or pronoun. There are five basic relative pronouns in English: that, who, which, whose, and the elliptical form. Relative pronouns replace nouns in a second, relative clause and have specific uses depending on if the antecedent is animate or inanimate. Relative clauses can be restrictive or nonrestrictive, with restrictive clauses providing essential information and nonrestrictive clauses giving additional, nonessential details.
Idiomatic expressions
The document discusses idiomatic expressions and provides examples. It defines an idiom as an expression with a figurative meaning understood by native speakers. Examples are given such as "up to the ears in work" meaning very busy, "eyeful" meaning attractive, and "apple of my eye" meaning most cherished. The document encourages using idioms in basic conversations and provides a group activity to create dialogues using the examples.
Direct & indirect speech (rizqy pratama .p)
This document discusses the rules for changing direct speech to indirect speech in English. It explains that direct speech uses quotation marks to report someone's exact words, while indirect speech reports what they said without quotation marks. The key rules are:
1) When reporting in the past tense, the verb tenses in the direct speech change accordingly in the indirect speech (e.g. present becomes past).
2) Pronouns may need to change based on the new context.
3) Words indicating time and place can change (e.g. now -> then, here -> there).
4) Questions, commands, exclamations and wishes also have specific changes when converting to indirect speech.
Defining relative clauses
Defining relative clauses provide information to identify a person or thing and can use that, who, which, whom, whose, when, where, or why. That or who is used for people and that or which for things. The relative pronoun can be the subject or object of the verb in the relative clause. In formal English whom is used instead of who as the object. The relative pronoun can be omitted if it is the object of a preposition. Whose indicates possession. When, where, and why are used after time, place, and reason nouns, respectively. Defining relative clauses concisely identify people and things.
Relative clauses
There are two types of relative clauses: defining and non-defining. Defining clauses provide essential information about a noun and are not set off by commas. Non-defining clauses provide extra information about a noun and are set off by commas. Relative pronouns introduce relative clauses and do not change form based on number or gender of the noun. Subject pronouns are used when the relative pronoun is followed by a verb, while object pronouns can be omitted in defining clauses. Relative adverbs like "where" can replace a relative pronoun and preposition.
Paraphrasing techniques
This document discusses techniques for paraphrasing text, including:
1. Rewriting text in your own words while keeping the main ideas. This involves changing clauses to phrases, quoted to indirect speech, active to passive voice, synonyms, and word forms.
2. Combining techniques like changing to a phrase and adding synonyms.
3. Interpreting the underlying meaning of statements.
4. Changing transitions between ideas.
The goal of paraphrasing is to restate information without copying directly from the original source.
09465389009 kua joel
This document provides information on the auxiliary verbs can, could, must, shall, and will in English. It discusses their structure, uses, and differences. The key points are:
- Can is used to talk about possibility, ability, requests and permission. Could is used similarly but for past tense.
- Must is used to express necessity or obligation from the speaker's perspective. Must not and mustn't express prohibition.
- Shall and will have different uses - shall for more objective statements and will for more subjective opinions. Shall is also used for promises or commands.
Talking about experiences and recent events
The document discusses the uses of the present perfect tense in English. It provides 4 main uses: 1) to talk about personal experiences, 2) to give news when the time is not specified, 3) to talk about repeated or ongoing actions, and 4) with the phrase "This is the first time...". It also provides examples of time expressions used with the present perfect tense like "for/since," "already," and "never." Lastly, it compares the present perfect tense to the past simple tense and discusses the difference between using "been" and "gone."
Course 7- Unit 9: Modals should and could. -
This document discusses modal verbs, focusing on should and could. It explains that modal verbs are special verbs that express ability, possibility, necessity or obligation of a main verb. Should is used to give advice, such as "you should go to the doctor." It has no conjugation. Could expresses ability or possibility, such as "you could go to the movies." Both should and could are followed by a base form of the main verb. Their negative forms are shouldn't and couldn't. More information on their uses can be found in Top Notch 1 and at the provided link.
Relative clauses (1)
Relative clauses are subordinate clauses that modify a noun phrase and typically begin with who, which, or whose. Who and which are used to refer to people or things, while whose shows possession. Common mistakes include adding extra pronouns after who or which, since these pronouns already take the place of pronouns like he or she. Relative clauses can also be used without an explicit relative pronoun in informal English.
Modal Verbs
This presentation discusses modal verbs and their uses. It introduces modal verbs such as can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, ought to, and had better. It explains how simple modals are used with the base verb form to indicate present and future necessity, while perfect modals use "have" and the past participle to discuss past necessity. Examples are provided of how different modals express various levels of obligation, permission, advice, and suggestion. An activity asks the reader to comment on short scenarios using appropriate modal verbs.
Direct and indirect speech
This presentation provides an overview of direct and indirect speech. It defines direct speech as using exact quotations and indirect speech as reporting someone's words without using quotations. The key differences are that indirect speech involves changing pronouns and verb tenses, as well as expressions of time. Rules for these changes are explained in detail, including examples to illustrate backshifting tenses, changing pronouns, and cases where backshifting does not apply. A review section summarizes the main points and includes practice examples to check understanding.
Relative
The document discusses relative pronouns and clauses. It explains that relative pronouns like who, which, that link two sentences together and introduce a subordinate clause. There are two types of relative clauses - defining and non-defining. Defining clauses do not use commas and provide essential information, while non-defining clauses use commas and provide extra information. The document provides examples and guidelines for using relative pronouns and adverbs correctly based on their function.
Basic Gerund
The document introduces the gerund, which is the '-ing' form of a verb that functions as a noun. Specifically, it notes that the gerund can serve as the subject of a sentence, the complement of the verb "to be", or after prepositions. Some examples are provided that illustrate the gerund functioning in each of these roles, such as "Eating people is wrong" as a subject, "One of his duties is attending meetings" as a complement, and "She avoided him by walking on the opposite side of the road" after a preposition. The document concludes by stating the gerund must also be used after certain prepositional phrases like "in spite of" and "there's no point in
Relatives
The document discusses defining and non-defining relative clauses. Defining relative clauses provide essential information to identify the person or thing being referred to, while non-defining clauses provide extra information and are separated by commas. Relative pronouns like who, which, that introduce both defining and non-defining clauses, but can be omitted in defining clauses when acting as the object.
Paraphrasing techniques
Techniques for successfully paraphrasing a text include changing clauses to phrases or vice versa, changing quoted to indirect speech, changing between active and passive voice, replacing words with synonyms, changing word forms, interpreting the underlying meaning, changing transitions, and combining multiple techniques. The key is to convey the same overall meaning using one's own phrasing and words.
Presentation1
Phrasal verbs are verbs combined with prepositions or adverbs that create meanings different from the original verb. Examples are "ran into" meaning meet and "ran away" meaning leave home. Phrasal verbs can be transitive, taking objects, or intransitive. Some transitive phrasal verbs separate the object from the verb and preposition, while others keep the object after the preposition. Native English speakers commonly use phrasal verbs in everyday conversation.
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This document discusses direct (quoted) speech versus indirect (reported) speech. It notes that direct speech uses quotation marks to report exact words, while indirect speech does not use quotation marks and usually changes verb tenses and pronouns to reflect the current tense. It provides examples of changing direct speech to indirect speech by altering verb tenses, pronouns, and time words or signifiers.
demo PPT.pptx
The document provides instructions on changing direct speech to indirect speech. It discusses the key rules of tense, modal, time, and pronoun changes that must be made when converting a direct quote to an indirect report of what was said. Examples are given to illustrate each of the rules. The purpose is to help the reader properly transform direct quotes or conversations into indirect reported speech.
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Reported speech is a way of relaying what someone said without using their exact words. It involves changing verb tenses, pronouns, and other elements to reflect reporting someone's speech indirectly rather than directly quoting them. For example, the direct speech "Sarah said, 'I am going to the movies tonight'" would become the reported speech "Sarah said that she was going to the movies that night." Key aspects of reported speech include changing verb tenses back one tense, adjusting pronouns, and using reporting verbs like "say" or "tell" to introduce the reported information.
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This document discusses how to report speech in the past tense, also known as reported or indirect speech. It explains that when reporting statements, the reporting verb is usually in the past tense (said or told) and the reported clause goes one step back into the past tense from the original. Pronouns, time/place references, and demonstratives may need to be changed. Questions, commands, and requests can also be reported using verbs like ask, tell, and request along with changes to word order and tense.
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The document discusses the differences between direct and reported speech. It explains that reported speech is when you tell someone else what was said previously. It covers how to change pronouns, tenses, places, times and other elements when converting a statement, question or request from direct to reported speech. Examples are provided to illustrate the typical changes that are made in reported speech, such as changing pronouns, backshifting tenses, and altering place or time expressions.
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The document provides an overview of reported speech, also known as indirect speech. It discusses how reported speech is used to convey what other people have said without using exact or "quoted" words. It outlines the main changes that are typically made in reported speech, such as changing verb tenses, pronouns, words referring to time and place, and the type of sentence. Examples are given to illustrate direct speech versus reported speech and the rules for changing different types of sentences like statements, questions, imperatives, optatives and exclamations into reported speech. Exceptions for facts, truths and historical events are also noted.
Direct and Indirect Speech English Grammar Topic.
Here are the sentences in indirect speech:
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- The villager exclaimed that it was a very tall building.
- He exclaimed with sorrow that he had committed a sin.
- The villagers exclaimed that they had lost all their hopes.
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The document discusses different types of clauses including independent clauses, dependent clauses, and noun clauses. It provides examples of noun clauses introduced by question words like who, what, when, where, why and whether/if. It also discusses reported speech and how verb forms change in noun clauses reporting what someone said. Finally, it covers using the subjunctive verb form in that-clauses and the use of -ever words to indicate "any".
Narration BY BHAWNA BHARDWAJ
Direct speech quotes someone's exact words using quotation marks. Indirect speech reports what someone said without using their exact words. When changing direct to indirect speech, tenses are typically changed to be one tense back (e.g. present to past) and pronouns, time/place references may need to be adjusted. There are also specific rules for changing commands, questions, exclamations and other sentence types to indirect speech. Punctuation is used differently between direct and indirect speech.
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This document outlines a lesson plan on direct and indirect speech. The lesson aims to teach students to distinguish between direct and indirect speech, familiarize the rules for converting direct speech to indirect speech, and apply the concepts through activities. Key points covered include the definitions and examples of direct versus indirect speech, rules for tense changes and pronoun changes when converting between the two forms. Students practice examples and take part in exercises to solidify their understanding before the lesson concludes with a closing prayer.
Direct and indirect speech
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This document provides information on different types of pronouns in English, including reported speech, present and past participles, the modal verb "should", reflexive pronouns, personal pronouns, and indefinite pronouns. For each pronoun type, it gives definitions and examples. It also provides links to additional online resources for further information on reported speech, participles, modal verbs like "should", and different categories of pronouns.
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The document discusses the differences between direct and indirect narration. Direct narration reports the exact words spoken without changes, while indirect narration does not report the exact words and changes pronouns, verbs, and other elements according to grammar rules. Some of the key rules for changing direct to indirect speech include changing present tenses to past tenses, changing pronouns according to the subject or object of the reported speech, changing words like today to that day, and changing interrogative sentences by removing question marks and changing verbs and auxiliaries.
Direct and indirect presentation
This document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report what someone said verbatim. Indirect speech does not use quotation marks and the meaning is conveyed rather than the exact words. When changing from direct to indirect speech, verb tenses, pronouns, places, times and other contextual references need to be changed to reflect that a past statement is being reported rather than quoted directly. Examples are provided to illustrate these changes.
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The document provides a quick guide to reported speech, which refers to sentences that report what someone has said. It explains that in reported speech, verb tenses, pronouns, time expressions, and place expressions are changed. Specifically, it notes that verbs are shifted back one tense, pronouns and possessives change to reflect the new subject, and temporal and locative expressions are adjusted. Examples are given to illustrate these changes. Reporting verbs like "say", "tell", and others expressing intention or admission are also discussed.
Direct and indirect-speech -1 statements.
This document discusses the difference between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken, while indirect speech reports the general idea without quotation marks and sometimes requires changing pronouns and verb tenses. Some examples are provided of how to change pronouns, verbs, and time/place expressions when converting from direct to indirect speech. The document also notes that statements, questions, and requests are reported differently in indirect speech and that tense often shifts backward by one step.
Direct & indirect presentation
This document discusses direct and indirect speech. It explains that direct speech reports the exact words spoken enclosed in quotation marks, while indirect speech makes some changes to reflect the words were spoken in the past. It provides examples like John said "I will give you a pen" for direct speech and John said that he would give me a pen for indirect speech. The document outlines rules for changing direct speech to indirect speech like changing tenses and pronouns.
Presentacion English
Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken. Reported or indirect speech does not use quotation marks and does not have to be word for word, but conveys the overall meaning. When changing direct to reported speech, the verb tense typically changes to the past tense since we are referring to something said in the past. For example, "I am going to the cinema" would become "He said he was going to the cinema." Verb tenses may change further into the past if the original tense was already past.
Reported speech
There are two ways to report what someone has said: direct speech and indirect speech. Direct speech uses the exact words of the speaker, while indirect speech conveys the meaning without using the exact words. When changing direct speech to indirect speech, certain changes must be made, such as changing verb tenses, pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and question forms. Different reporting verbs are used depending on whether a statement, question, command, or other structure is being reported.
Reported speech 2009
The document discusses the rules for changing direct speech into reported speech, also known as indirect speech. It covers tense changes where the tense is shifted back one step, pronoun changes, place and time changes, and the use of reporting verbs like said, told, asked. It provides examples of direct speech and the corresponding reported speech. The basic rules are that quotation marks and attribution verbs are removed, the word "that" can be added, pronouns are changed, tenses are shifted back, and places and times are adjusted.
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Quoted speech tole
- 1. By: Arief Imam .F. 4SAO4
- 2. Saying exactly what someone has said. Characteristic: What a person says appears within quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word. Example: He said,"I live in Paris."
- 3. Refers to a sentence reporting what someone has said. Characteristic: The tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too. Example: He said he lived in Paris
- 4. Rule: When changing from direct speech to indirect speech,it is often necessary to change the pronouns to match the subject of the sentence. Example: ─ She said, “I want bring my children.” ─ She said she wanted bring her children Rule: Important to change time words (signifiers) when referring to present, past or future time to match the moment of speaking. Example: ─ She said,"I want to bring my children tomorrow.“ ─ She said she wanted to bring her children the next day.
- 5. Simple Present Simple Past He said,"I live in Paris." He said he lived in Paris Present Perfect Continous Past Perfect Continous She said, "I have been teaching English for seven years." She said she had been teaching English for seven years. Past Perfect Continous Past Perfect Continous She said, "I'd already been teaching for five minutes." She said she'd already been teaching for five minutes.
- 6. Direction: Change the direct speech into indirect speech. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. She said, “I want to bring my children.” Lala said,"I have visited London twice.“ “ I watch TV everyday.” Imam said. Alina said,"do you want to come with me ?“ “Johan has been writting a novel since 1996.” Karlita said.