This document discusses drilling engineering fundamentals related to hoisting systems, drilling fluid circulation systems, and positive displacement mud pumps. It covers the components of hoisting systems including blocks and tackles, drawworks power, and hook load calculations. It also explains the components and functions of drilling fluid circulation including mud tanks, mud pumps, solids removal equipment, and the drilling fluid flow path from the rig to the wellbore and back. Specifically, it compares duplex and triplex positive displacement mud pumps, describing their configurations, flow rate parameters, and advantages.
Well Control is very important in Petroleum Engineering and necessary for being able to avoid hazards and controlling them as much as possible. This presentation provides valuable notes, instructions, and information about Well Control.
Well Control is very important in Petroleum Engineering and necessary for being able to avoid hazards and controlling them as much as possible. This presentation provides valuable notes, instructions, and information about Well Control.
The second presentation of a series of presentations on Operations Geology. Very basic, just to introduce beginners to operations geology. I hope the end users will find this and the following presentations very helpful.
This course describe different systems of petroleum drilling rig (Hoisting system, Rotary System,Circulation system,Power system, BOP system and Monitoring system) and provide insight of individual components.
The second presentation of a series of presentations on Operations Geology. Very basic, just to introduce beginners to operations geology. I hope the end users will find this and the following presentations very helpful.
This course describe different systems of petroleum drilling rig (Hoisting system, Rotary System,Circulation system,Power system, BOP system and Monitoring system) and provide insight of individual components.
Dissipative Capacity Analysis of Steel Buildings using Viscous Bracing Deviceidescitation
Energy dissipation Systems in civil engineering structures are sought when it
comes to removing unwanted energy such as instability, earthquake and wind. Among these
systems, there is the combination of structural steel frames with passive energy dissipation
provided by Fluid Viscous Dampers (FVD). This device is increasingly used to provide
better seismic protection for existing as well as new buildings and bridges. A 3 D numerical
investigation is done considering the seismic response of a twelve-story steel building
moment frame with diagonal FVD that have linear force versus velocity behaviour.
Nonlinear time history, which is being calculated by Fast nonlinear analysis (FNA), of
Boumerdes earthquake (Algeria, May 2003) is considered for the analysis and carried out
using the SAP2000 software and comparisons between unbraced, braced and damped
structure are shown in a tabulated and graphical format. The results of the various systems
are studied to compare the structural response with and without this device of the energy
dissipation thus obtained were discussed. The conclusions showed the formidable potential
of the FVD to improve the dissipative capacities of the structure without increasing its
rigidity. It is contributing significantly to reduce the quantity of steel necessary for its
general stability.
Energy Dissipation Regimes and Stability of the Overflow Dam (Spillway) for t...IRJESJOURNAL
Abstract: This paper evaluates the efficiency of energy dissipation of the spillway for the Mekin Dam with respect to its capacity by verifying that the flow down the spillway does not result in „transitional flow‟ which can induce vibrations dangerous to the structure. It also verifies the stability of the spillway by calculating the resulting safety coefficients at different times.
This study was competent studied earth dams and species and its history and the factors influencing them and the other part of a study of the most important risks that affect earth dams (seepage through earth dams) and how to calculate the leak and methods of their account and types the seepage and forms of cost and what are the ways process is treated with filters.
1. INTRODUCTION TO SEEPAGE THROGH EARTH DAM
2.METHODS CALCULATION SEEPAGE THROGH EARTH
DAM
3. ENTRANCE, DISCHARGE, AND TRANSFARE
CONDITIONSOF LINE OF SEEPAGE
4.SIMULATE THE PRESSURE ON THE EARTH DAM USING SAP 2000 PROGRAM
5.DESIGN FILTER TO CONTROLED THE SPAAGE IN EARTH DAM
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. 1. Power System
2. Hoisting System:
A. Introduction
B. The Block & Tackle
a. Mechanical advantage and Efficiency
3. 1. Hoisting System:
A. The Block & Tackle
a. Hook Power
B. Load Applied to the Derrick
2. Drilling Fluid Circulation System
A. Mud Pumps
4.
5. Input vs. output power
For an ideal block–tackle system,
the input power (provided by the drawworks)
is equal to the output or hook power
(available to move the borehole equipments).
In this case,
the power delivered by the drawworks is equal to
the force in the fast line Ff
times the velocity of the fast line vf , and
the power developed at the hook is equal to
the force in the hook W
times the velocity of the traveling block vb.
That is
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 5
6. relationship between the drawworks
power and the hook power
Since for the ideal case n Ff = W, so
that is, the velocity of the block is
n times slower than the velocity of the fast line, and
this is valid also for the real case.
For the real case, Ff=W/nE, and multiplying both
sides by vf we obtain
which represents the real relationship between the
power delivered by the drawworks and the power
available in the hook,
where E is the overall efficiency of the block–tackle system.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 6
7. The Block & Tackle
A rig must hoist a load of 300,000 lbf.
The drawworks can provide a maximum input
power to the block–tackle system of as 500 hp.
Eight lines are strung between the crown block and
traveling block.
Calculate
(1) the tension in the fast line
when upward motion is impending,
(2) the maximum hook horsepower,
(3) the maximum hoisting speed.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 7
8. The Block & Tackle
Using E = 0.841 (average efficiency for n = 8) we
have:
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 8
9.
10. The total load applied to the derrick
The total load applied to the derrick, FD
is equal to the load in the hook
plus the force acting in the dead line
plus the force acting in the fast line
for the force in the fast line
The worst scenario is that for the real case.
For the dead line, however,
the worst scenario (largest force) is that of ideal case.
Therefore, the total load applied to the derrick is:
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 10
11. Derrick floor plan
The total load FD,
however, is not evenly distributed
over all legs of the derrick.
In a conventional derrick,
the drawworks is usually located
between two of the legs
The dead line, however must be
anchored close to one of the
remaining two legs
The side of the derrick opposite to
the drawworks is called V–gate.
This area must be kept free to allow
pipe handling.
Therefore, the dead line cannot be
anchored between legs A and B
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 11
12. the load in each leg
From this configuration the load in each leg is:
Evidently, the less loaded leg is leg B.
We can determine under which conditions the load
in leg A is greater then the load in legs C and D:
Since the efficiency E is usually greater than 0.5,
leg A will be the most loaded leg,
very likely it will be the first to fail
in the event of an excessive load is applied to the hook.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 12
13. The equivalent derrick load and
The derrick efficiency factor
If a derrick is designed to support a maximum nominal
load Lmax, each leg can support Lmax 4 .
Therefore, the maximum hook load that the derrick can
support is
The equivalent derrick load, FDE,
is defined as four times the load in the most loaded leg.
The equivalent derrick load
(which depends on the number of lines)
must be less than the nominal capacity of the derrick.
The derrick efficiency factor, ED
is defined as the ratio of the total load applied to the derrick
to the equivalent derrick load:
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 13
14. derrick load
A rig must hoist a load of 300,000 lbf.
Eight lines are strung between the crown block and
traveling block.
calculate
(1) the actual derrick load,
(2) the equivalent derrick load, and
(3) the derrick efficient factor.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 14
15. derrick load
Solution:
Using E = 0.841 (average efficiency for n = 8) we have:
(1) The actual derrick load is given by
(2) The equivalent derrick load is given by
(3) The derrick efficiency factor is
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 15
16.
17.
18. drilling fluid roles
The drilling fluid plays several functions in the
drilling process.
The most important are:
clean the rock fragments from beneath the bit and
carry them to surface,
exert sufficient hydrostatic pressure
against the formation
to prevent formation fluids from flowing into the well,
maintain stability of the borehole walls,
cool and lubricate the drillstring and bit.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 18
19. Drilling fluid circulation
Drilling fluid is forced to circulate in the hole
at various pressures and
flow rates.
Drilling fluid is stored
in steel tanks located beside the rig.
Powerful pumps force the drilling fluid
through surface high pressure connections
to a set of valves called pump manifold,
located at the derrick floor.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 19
20. Drilling fluid circulation (Cont.)
From the manifold,
the fluid goes up the rig
within a pipe called standpipe
to approximately 1/3 of the height of the mast.
From there the drilling fluid flows through a flexible
high pressure hose to the top of the drillstring.
The flexible hose allows the fluid
to flow continuously
as the drillstring moves up and down
during normal drilling operations.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 20
21. swivel
The fluid enters in the
drillstring through a special
piece of equipment called
swivel located at the top of the
kelly.
The swivel permits rotating the
drillstring while the fluid is
pumped through the drillstring.
A swivel
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 21
22. drilling fluid in wellbore
In wellbore
The drilling fluid then flows down
the rotating drillstring and
jets out through nozzles in the drill bit
at the bottom of the hole.
The drilling fluid picks the rock cuttings
generated by the drill bit action on the formation.
The drilling fluid then
flows up the borehole through
the annular space
between the rotating drillstring and borehole wall.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 22
23. drilling fluid at surface
At surface
At the top of the well (and above the tank level),
the drilling fluid flows through the flow line
to a series of screens called the shale shaker.
The shale shaker is designed to
separate the cuttings from the drilling mud.
Other devices are also used to clean the drilling fluid
before it flows back into the drilling fluid pits.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 23
24. Process of mud circulation
The principal
components of the mud
circulation system are:
pits or tanks,
pumps,
flow line,
solids and contaminants
removal equipment,
treatment and mixing
equipment,
surface piping and valves,
the drillstring.
Rig circulation system
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 24
25. The tanks
The tanks
(3 or 4 – settling tank, mixing tank(s), suction tank)
are made of steel sheet.
They contain a safe excess (neither to big nor to small)
of the total volume of the borehole.
In the case of loss of circulation,
this excess will provide the well with drilling fluid
while the corrective measures are taken.
The number of active tanks depends on
the current depth of the hole
(bypasses allow to isolate one or more tanks.)
The tanks will allow enough retaining time so that
much of the solids brought from the hole
can be removed from the fluid.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 25
26.
27. reciprocating positive displacement
pumps vs. centrifugal pumps
The great majority of the pumps
used in drilling operations are
reciprocating positive displacement pumps (PDP).
Advantages of the reciprocating PDP when
compared to centrifugal pumps are:
ability to pump fluids with high abrasive solids contents
and with large solid particles,
easy to operate and maintain,
sturdy and reliable,
ability to operate
in a wide range of pressure and flow rate.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 27
28. positive displacement pumps
compartments
PDP are composed of two major parts, namely:
Power end:
receives power from engines and transform the rotating
movement into reciprocating movement.
The efficiency Em of the power end,
that is the efficiency with which rotating mechanical power is
transformed in reciprocating mechanical power
is of the order of 90%.
Fluid end:
converts the reciprocating power into pressure and flow rate.
The efficiency Ev of the fluid end
(also called volumetric efficiency),
that is, the efficiency that the reciprocating mechanical power is
transformed into hydraulic power, can be as high as 100%.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 28
29. Pump configurations
Rigs normally have two or three PDPs.
During drilling of shallow portions of the hole,
when the diameter is large,
the two PDPs are connected in parallel
to provide the highest flow rate necessary
to clean the borehole.
As the borehole deepens,
less flow rate and higher pressure are required.
In this case, normally only one PDP is used
while the other is in standby or in preventive
maintenance.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 29
30. Affecting parameters on flow rate
The great flexibility in the pressure and flow rate
is obtained with the possibility of
changing the diameters of the pair piston–liner.
The flow rate depends on the following
parameters:
stroke length LS (normally fixed),
liner diameter dL,
rod diameter dR (for duplex PDP only),
pump speed N (normally given in strokes/minute),
volumetric efficiency EV of the pump.
In addition, the pump factor Fp is defined as
the total volume displaced by the pump in one stroke.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 30
31. Types of
the positive displacement pumps
There are two types of PDP:
double-action duplex pump, and
single-action triplex pump.
Triplex PDPs, due to several advantages,
(less bulky, less pressure fluctuation,
cheaper to buy and to maintain, etc,)
has taking place of the duplex PDPs
in both onshore and offshore rigs.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 31
32. 1. Jorge H.B. Sampaio Jr. “Drilling Engineering
Fundamentals.” Master of Petroleum
Engineering. Curtin University of Technology,
2007. Chapter 2
33. 1. Drilling Fluid Circulation System
A. Mud Pumps (Duplex PDP & Triplex PDP)
B. Solids Control Equipment
a. Mud Cleaners
C. Treatment and Mixing Equipment