The document discusses different types of hydraulic turbines used to convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. It defines hydraulic turbines and provides examples such as the Pelton wheel, Francis, and Kaplan turbines. It then classifies hydraulic turbines based on factors like the energy at the inlet, direction of flow through the runner, head available at the inlet, and specific speed. The key components and working of Pelton wheel, Francis, and Kaplan turbines are explained along with diagrams. Concepts like velocity triangles, work done, efficiencies, and design aspects are covered for Pelton wheel turbines. Draft tubes, their functions and types are also summarized.
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hi, I am sujon I just completed graduate at International University of Business Agriculture and Technology in Bangladesh Department of Mechanical Engineering
Specific Speed of Turbine | Fluid MechanicsSatish Taji
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hi, I am sujon I just completed graduate at International University of Business Agriculture and Technology in Bangladesh Department of Mechanical Engineering
Specific Speed of Turbine | Fluid MechanicsSatish Taji
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Module 02: Energy exchange in Turbo machines
Modal 02: Question Number 3 a & 3 b
i. Basic Introduction
ii. Euler’s turbine equation
iii. Alternate form of Euler’s turbine equation
iv. Components of energy transfer
v. Degree of Reaction
vi. Velocity triangles for different values of degree of reaction
vii. Utilization factor
viii. Relation between degree of reaction and Utilization factor
ix. List of Formulas
x. Previous Year Question papers
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from this ppt you can almost aware about the operation of hydraulic turbines and various specification releated to it...
if you want to attains the knowledge about the turbines then must watch this ppt,... thankyou!
if you want to follow me on twitter then contact me at
ishantgautam51@yahoo.com
Deflection of curved beam |Strength of Material LaboratorySaif al-din ali
SAIF ALDIN ALI MADIN
سيف الدين علي ماضي
S96aif@gmail.com
Experiment Name:- Deflection of curved beam
2. Introduction
The deflection of a beam or bars must be often be limited in order to provide
integrity and stability of structure or machine. Plus, code restrictions often require
these members not vibrate or deflect severely in order to safely support their
intended loading.
This experiment helps us to show some kind of deflection and how to calculate the
deflection value by using Castigliano’s Theorem and make a comparison between
result of the experiment and the theory.
A steam turbine is a prime mover in which the potential energy of the steam is transformed into kinetic energy and later in its turn is transformed into the mechanical energy of rotation of the turbine shaft
Module 02: Energy exchange in Turbo machines
Modal 02: Question Number 3 a & 3 b
i. Basic Introduction
ii. Euler’s turbine equation
iii. Alternate form of Euler’s turbine equation
iv. Components of energy transfer
v. Degree of Reaction
vi. Velocity triangles for different values of degree of reaction
vii. Utilization factor
viii. Relation between degree of reaction and Utilization factor
ix. List of Formulas
x. Previous Year Question papers
Watch Video of this presentation on Link: https://youtu.be/xIGlZ3UvLdw
For notes/articles, Visit my blog (link is given below).
For Video, Visit our YouTube Channel (link is given below).
Any Suggestions/doubts/reactions, please leave in the comment box.
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from this ppt you can almost aware about the operation of hydraulic turbines and various specification releated to it...
if you want to attains the knowledge about the turbines then must watch this ppt,... thankyou!
if you want to follow me on twitter then contact me at
ishantgautam51@yahoo.com
Deflection of curved beam |Strength of Material LaboratorySaif al-din ali
SAIF ALDIN ALI MADIN
سيف الدين علي ماضي
S96aif@gmail.com
Experiment Name:- Deflection of curved beam
2. Introduction
The deflection of a beam or bars must be often be limited in order to provide
integrity and stability of structure or machine. Plus, code restrictions often require
these members not vibrate or deflect severely in order to safely support their
intended loading.
This experiment helps us to show some kind of deflection and how to calculate the
deflection value by using Castigliano’s Theorem and make a comparison between
result of the experiment and the theory.
A steam turbine is a prime mover in which the potential energy of the steam is transformed into kinetic energy and later in its turn is transformed into the mechanical energy of rotation of the turbine shaft
Design, Modeling & Analysis of Pelton Wheel Turbine BladeIJSRD
A Pelton-wheel impulse turbine is a hydro mechanical energy conversion device which converts gravitational energy of elevated water into mechanical work. This mechanical work is converted into electrical energy by means of running an electrical generator. The Pelton turbine was performed in high head and low water flow, in establishment of micro-hydroelectric power plant, due to its simple construction and ease of manufacturing. To obtain a Pelton hydraulic turbine with maximum efficiency during various operating conditions, the turbine parameters must be included in the design procedure. Here all design parameters were calculated at maximum efficiency by using MATLAB SOFTWARE. These parameters included turbine power, turbine torque, runner diameter, runner length, runner speed, bucket dimensions, number of buckets, nozzle dimension and turbine specific speed. The main focus was to design a Pelton Turbine bucket and check its suitability for the the pelton turbine. The literature on Pelton turbine design available is scarce; this work exposes the theoretical and experimental aspects in the design and analysis of a Pelton wheel bucket, and hence the designing of Pelton wheel bucket using the standard rules. The bucket is designed for maximum efficiency. The bucket modelling and analysis was done by using SOLIDWORKS 2015. The material used in the manufacture of pelton wheel buckets is studied in detail and these properties are used for analysis. The bucket geometry is analysed by considering the force and also by considering the pressure exerted on different points of the bucket. The bucket was analysed for the static case and the results of Vonmises stress, Static displacement and Factor of safety are obtained.
Design and Analysis of Low Head, Light weight Kaplan Turbine BladeIRJESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:- The project deals with the development of the design of low head light weight Kaplan turbine blade. To enhance it's hydrodynamic efficiency by reducing weight, shape alterations, blade angle with combination of materials Aluminium alloy, Structural steel, Titanium alloy Stainless steel. The 3D model of blade is developed using software Solid Works and Analysis of blade is done on Ansys14..
Modal 04: Hydraulic Turbines (Question Number 7 a - 7 b & 8a - 8b)
i. Definition
ii. Classification of Hydraulic Turbines
iii. Various efficiencies of Hydraulic Turbines and Various types of Head
iv. Pelton Wheel – Principle of working,
Velocity triangles,
Maximum efficiency
Design parameters,
Numerical problems.
v. Francis turbine – Principle of working
Velocity triangles
Design parameters
Numerical problems
vi. Kaplan and Propeller turbines - Principle of working
Velocity triangles
Design parameters
Numerical Problems.
vii. Theory and types of Draft tubes.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
unit- 1 Quality and Quantity Standards for Drinking Water.pptxMood Naik
Waterborne diseases – protected water supply – Population forecasts, design period –
types of water demand – factors affecting – fluctuations – fire demand – water quality and testing –
drinking water standards
Water / Cement ratio – Abram’s Law – Gel/space ratio – Gain of strength of co...Mood Naik
ELASTICITY, CREEP & SHRINKAGE – Modulus of elasticity – Dynamic modulus of elasticity –
Posisson’s ratio – Creep of concrete – Factors influencing creep – Relation between creep & time –
Nature of creep – Effects of creep – Shrinkage – types of shrinkage.
Hydraulic Turbines – II: Governing of turbines – Surge tanks – Unit and speci...Mood Naik
Hydraulic Turbines – II: Governing of turbines – Surge tanks – Unit and specific turbines – Unit speed
– Unit quantity – Unit power – Specific speed – Performance characteristics – Geometric similarity –
Cavitation. Selection of turbines
Leveling- Types of levels and levelling staves, temporary adjustments, methods of levelling, booking and Determination of levels, Effect of Curvature of Earth and Refraction
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
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Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
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Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
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When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
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COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
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2. HYDRAULIC TURBINE
Definition:
The machine/device which converts hydraulic
energy into mechanical energy is called as hydraulic
turbine.
Examples:
1) Pelton Wheel Turbine
2) Francis Turbine
3) Kaplan Turbine
1
Prof. V. R. Muttagi
3. Prof. V. R. Muttagi 3
Classification of Hydraulic Turbine
1) According to Energy at Inlet:
a) Impulse Turbine: Kinetic Energy is Maximum than Pressure Energy.
e.g. Pelton Wheel Turbine
b) Reaction Turbine: Pressure Energy is Maximum than Kinetic Energy.
e.g. Francis Turbine and Kaplan Turbine
2) According to Direction of Flow Through Runner:
a) Tangential Flow: Water flows along the tangent of runner.
e.g. Pelton Wheel Turbine
b) Radial Flow: Water flows along the radius through runner.
c) Axial Flow: Water flows along the axis of rotation of runner.
d) Mixes Flow: Water inlet radial direction and exit in axial direction.
4. Prof. V. R. Muttagi 4
Classification of Hydraulic Turbine
3) According to HeadAvailable at Inlet:
a) Low Head: Head < 60 meters
e.g. Kaplan Turbine
b) Medium Head: 60 meters < Head < 250 meters
e.g. Francis Turbine
c) High Head: 250 meters < Head
e.g. Pelton Wheel Turbine
4) According to Specific Speed of Turbine:
a) Low Specific Speed: Specific Speed < 60
e.g. Pelton Wheel Turbine
b) Medium Specific Speed: 60 < Specific Speed < 300
e.g. Francis Turbine
c) High Specific Speed: 300 < Specific Speed
e.g. Kaplan Turbine
6. Prof. V. R. Muttagi 6
Hydro-Electric Power Plant
1) Dam:
Awall constructed across the flow of river.
2) Penstock:
Apipe which convey the water from dam to turbine
house.
3) Turbine House:
Assembly of runner, shaft to convert hydro energy into
mechanical energy.
4) Surge Tank:
Astorage tank fitted on penstock before valve to avoid
water hammer.
5) Valve House:
To control the rate of flow of water through penstock.
7. DEFINITIONS OF HEADS
1) GROSS HEAD :Gross head is basically defined as the difference
between the head race level and tail race level when water is not
flowing. Gross head will be indicated by Hg as displayed here in
following figure.
2) NET HEAD
Net head is basically defined as the head available at the inlet of
the turbine. Net head is also simply called as effective head.
Net head, H = Gross head (Hg) – head loss due to friction (hf)
8. Efficiencies of a turbine
There are following important efficiencies that we will
discuss here in this post.
1) Hydraulic efficiency
2) Mechanical Efficiency
3) Volumetric efficiency
4) Overall Efficiency
1) Hydraulic efficiency : Hydraulic efficiency is basically defined as the ratio
of power given by water to the runner of turbine to the power supplied by the
water at the inlet of the turbine. Hydraulic efficiency will be indicated by ηh
Hydraulic efficiency of a turbine could be written as mentioned here
Hydraulic efficiency (ηh) = Power delivered to the runner of turbine / Power
supplied at the inlet of turbine
Hydraulic efficiency (ηh) = R.P/ W.P
R.P = Power delivered to the runner of turbine
W.P = Power supplied at the inlet of turbine or water power
9. 2)Mechanical Efficiency
Mechanical efficiency is basically defined as the ratio of
power available at the shaft of the turbine to the power
delivered to the runner of the turbine. Mechanical
efficiency will be indicated by ηm.
Mechanical efficiency of a turbine could be written as
mentioned here
Mechanical efficiency (ηm) = Power available at the
shaft of the turbine / Power delivered to the runner of
the turbine
Mechanical efficiency (ηm) = S.P/ R.P
10. 3)Volumetric Efficiency
The volume of the water striking the runner of a turbine
will be slightly less than the volume of the water
supplied to the turbine as some amount of water will be
discharged to the tail race without striking the runner of
the turbine
Volumetric efficiency of a turbine could be written as
mentioned here
Volumetric efficiency (ηv) = Volume of the water
actually striking the runner of the turbine / Volume of
water supplied to the turbine
11. 4)Overall Efficiency
Overall efficiency is basically defined as the ratio of the
power available at the shaft of the turbine to the power
supplied by the water at the inlet of the turbine. Overall
efficiency will be indicated by ηo
Overall efficiency, ηo = Power available at the shaft of
the turbine / Power supplied by the water at the inlet of
the turbine
Overall efficiency, ηo = S.P/W.P
Overall efficiency is also defined as the product of
mechanical efficiency and hydraulic efficiency
Overall efficiency = Mechanical efficiency x Hydraulic
efficiency
ηo = ηm x ηh
12. Pelton Wheel Turbine – Main Parts&Construction
Prof. V. R. Muttagi 12
Pelton Turbine is a Tangential flow impulse turbine in which the pressure energy
of water is converted into kinetic energy to form high speed water jet and this jet
strikes the wheel tangentially to make it rotate. It is also called as Pelton Whee
13. Workingof PeltonTrubine
1.The water stored at a high head is made to flow through
the penstock and reaches the nozzle of the Pelton turbine.
2.The nozzle increases the K.E. of the water and directs the
water in the form of a jet.
3.The jet of water from the nozzle strikes the buckets
(vanes) of the runner. This made the runner rotate at a very
high speed.
4.The quantity of water striking the vanes or buckets is
controlled by the spear present inside the nozzle.
5. The generator is attached to the shaft of the runner
which converts the mechanical energy ( i.e. rotational
energy) of the runner into electrical energy.
14. Pelton Wheel Turbine – Main Components
1) Nozzle:
a) It is fixed on end of penstock.
b) Area of nozzle is gradually decreasing.
c)Convert pressure energy of water into kinetic
energy.
2) Spear and Spear RodAssembly:
a) Spear is at opening end of nozzle.
b) Spear connected to spear rod and hand wheel.
c) Regulate the discharge through nozzle according to load on turbine.
3) Runner or Wheel:
a) It is a circular disc keyed with the shaft.
b) To transmits the power to shaft.
Prof. V. R. Muttagi 14
15. Pelton Wheel Turbine – Main Components
4) Buckets:
a) Hemispherical in shape.
b) Fixed on the circumference of the runner or wheel.
Where,
d = Diameter of jet
L = Length or height of bowl = 2d to 3d
B = Width of bucket = 3d to 4d
T = Depth of bucket = 0.27B to 0.32B
M = Notch width = 1.1d to 1.2d
Prof. V. R. Muttagi 15
16. Pelton Wheel Turbine – Main Components
5) Breaking Jet:
a) Applied in opposite direction to rotation of wheel.
b)Resistance to rotation of wheel due to inertia forces
while to stop wheel.
6) Deflector:
a) Fixed below the nozzle.
b) Deflects the direction of jet while to stop wheel.
c) No hydraulic function.
7) Casing:
a) Avoid splashing of water over runner.
b) No hydraulic function.
Prof. V. R. Muttagi 16
17. Pelton Wheel Turbine – Work Done & Efficiency
Velocity Triangle
1) Low Speed Turbine
Inlet Velocity Triangle
Outlet Velocity Triangle
Prof. V. R. Muttagi 17
18. Pelton Wheel Turbine – Work Done & Efficiency
Velocity Triangle
2) Medium Speed Turbine
Inlet Velocity Triangle
Outlet Velocity Triangle
Prof. V. R. Muttagi 18
19. Pelton Wheel Turbine – Work Done & Efficiency
Velocity Triangle
3) High Speed Turbine
Inlet Velocity Triangle
Outlet Velocity Triangle
Prof. V. R. Muttagi 19
20. Pelton Wheel Turbine – Work Done & Efficiency
1) Velocity of Jet at Inlet
2) Uniform Velocity of Bucket
Prof. V. R. Muttagi 20
21. Pelton Wheel Turbine – Work Done & Efficiency
3) Mass Flow Rate of Water
4) Force Exerted by Jet on Bucket
From inlet velocity triangle, initial velocity of jet is,
From outlet velocity triangle, final velocity of jet is,
Prof. V. R. Muttagi 21
22. Pelton Wheel Turbine – Work Done & Efficiency
Hence, force exerted by jet on bucket for all speed runner is,
5) Work Done by Jet on Runner per Second
6) Power Developed
Prof. V. R. Muttagi 22
23. Pelton Wheel Turbine – Work Done & Efficiency
7) Hydraulic Efficiency
8) Mechanical Efficiency
Prof. V. R. Muttagi 23
24. Pelton Wheel Turbine – Work Done & Efficiency
9) Overall Efficiency
10) Specific Speed
Prof. V. R. Muttagi 24
25. Pelton Wheel Turbine – Design Aspects
1) Speed Ratio
2) Friction Factor
3) Jet Ratio
Prof. V. R. Muttagi 25
26. Pelton Wheel Turbine – Design Aspects
4) Number of Buckets
5)Angle of Deflection
The angle of deflection of jet through the bucket varies between 160°
to 170°. Take as 165°.
Prof. V. R. Muttagi 26
27. Francis Turbine – main parts& Construction
Prof. V. R. Muttagi 27
Working:
1.This is the most efficient hydraulic turbine.
2.Large Francis turbine is individually designed
for the site to operate at the highest possible
efficiency, typically over 90%.
3.Francis type units cover a wide head range,
from 20 to 700 M and their output varies from a
few kilowatts 200 megawatt.
4.In addition to electrical products and they may
also be used for pumped storage; Where is
Reservoir is filled by the turbine (acting as
a pump) during low power demand, and then
reversed and used to generate power during
peak demand.
5.Francis turbine may be designed for a wide
range of heads and flows. This, along with their
high efficiency, has made them the most widely
used turbine in the world
28. The Francis turbine is a type of water turbine. It is an inward-
flow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts.
Francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today, and
can achieve over 95% efficiency
29. Francis Turbine – Main Components
1) Scroll Casing
a) It is surrounding to the runner, guide
vanes and moving vanes.
b) It is always full with water.
c) Shape is spiral.
d) Reducing area is to maintain velocity of
water at constant.
2) Runner
a) It is rotary part of turbine keyed with
shaft.
b) Vanes are fixed on inlet ring and outlet
ring.
c) Water enters radially and exit axially.
Prof. V. R. Muttagi 29
30. Francis Turbine – Main Components
3) Guide Vanes
a) It is surrounding to the moving vanes.
b) Guide vanes are fixed vanes.
c) Shape is like aerofoil.
d) Guide the water from casing to runner.
4) Moving Vane
a) It is surrounding to the runner.
b) Shape is aerofoil.
c) One end is pivoted on fixed ring and
another end is pivoted on moving ring.
d) Regulating the discharge of water from
casing to runner as per desired load.
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31. Francis Turbine – Main Components
5) Draft Tube
a) It is fixed at exit of turbine to tail race.
b) Convert kinetic energy of water to pressure energy.
c) Increase head on turbine.
d) Improve efficiency and reduces cavitations.
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32. Francis Turbine – Work Done & Efficiency
Velocity Triangle
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33. Francis Turbine – Work Done & Efficiency
1) Uniform Velocity of Inlet and Outlet Tip
2) Work Done
Work done per second per unit weight of water
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34. Francis Turbine – Work Done & Efficiency
3) Discharge of Turbine
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35. Francis Turbine – Work Done & Efficiency
4) Hydraulic Efficiency
5) Mechanical Efficiency
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36. Francis Turbine – Work Done & Efficiency
6) Overall Efficiency
7) Speed Ratio
8) Flow Ratio
9) Ratio of Width to Diameter
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38. Kaplan Turbine – Working
1) Propeller type turbine.
2) Scroll casing is surrounding to the runner, guide blades and
moving blades to maintain kinetic energy at constant.
3) Fixed guide vanes are surrounding to the runner.
4) Hub or boss of runner is keyed with the shaft of turbine.
5)The movable blades are fixed on
the circumference of hub which
may change an angle according to
load on turbine.As shown in figure.
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39. A Kaplan turbine is a type of
propeller hydro turbine (specifically
a reaction turbine) used
in hydroelectric plants. Water flows
both in and out of Kaplan turbines
along its rotational axis (axial flow).
What makes Kaplan turbines special is
the blades can change their angle on
demand to maintain
maximum efficiency for different flow
rates of water.[2] Water flowing
through a Kaplan turbine loses
pressure, this means that a Kaplan
turbine is a reaction turbine (similar to
a Francis turbine)
40. Prof. V. R. Muttagi 40
Draft Tube – Definition, Function and Types
Adraft tube is a pipe of gradually increasing area which connects the
exit of runner of a turbine to tail race.
It discharges the water from runner to tail race.
Functions of Draft Tube
1) It increases the net head available on turbine.
2) To convert the kinetic energy of water at exit of runner into pressure
energy so that useful head at runner exit is increased.
3) It reduces the cavitations in reaction turbine.
Types of Draft Tube
1) Conical Draft Tube
2) Simple Elbow Draft Tube
3) Elbow Draft Tube with Circular Inlet and Rectangular Outlet
4) Moody’s Spreading Draft Tube
41. Draft Tube – Types
1) Conical Draft Tube
1) It has circular inlet and circular outlet.
2) It is a simple taper tube.
3) The taper angle varies from 4° to 7°.
4) It is fabricated by mild steel plates.
5) It has an efficiency up to 90%.
6) It is employed for vertical shaft reaction
turbines.
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42. Draft Tube – Types
2) Simple Elbow Draft Tube
1) It has circular cross-section throughout
from inlet to outlet.
2) It is a simple tube with uniform section
turned into 90°.
3) It reduces depth and cost of excavation.
4) It is made of concrete with steel lining
at inlet to reduce cavitation.
5) It is having an efficiency up to 60%.
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43. Draft Tube – Types
2) Elbow Draft Tube with Circular Inlet and Rectangular Outlet
1) It has circular inlet and rectangular outlet.
2) It reduces depth and cost of excavation.
3) It is made of concrete with steel lining at inlet to reduce cavitation.
4) It is having an efficiency up to 60% to 80%.
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44. Draft Tube – Types
2) Moody’s Spreading Draft Tube
1) It is similar to conical draft tube.
2) Asolid central core at centre to reduce the whirling.
3) It is used for vertical shaft turbine.
4) It is having an efficiency up to 85%.
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