This document discusses the purpose and goals of communication. It defines communication as the establishment of shared understanding between a sender and receiver through the exchange of verbal and non-verbal messages. The main goals of effective communication are to facilitate understanding between parties, obtain a constructive response, and develop good relationships. The document outlines the communication process, including elements like the sender, receiver, message, channel, feedback, and noise. It also discusses types of communication like verbal, non-verbal, written, and visual and barriers that can interfere with effective exchange such as encoding, decoding, transmitting and responding barriers.

1. PURPOSE AND GOALS OF
COMMUNICATION

2. OBJECTIVES
1. 1. Definition Of Communication
2. 2. Function of Communication
3. 3. Purpose of Communication
4. 4. Types of Communication

3. DEFINITION FOR
COMMUNICATION
•The establishment of a
commonness or sharing of
information, ideas, and
understanding with receivers
•The process of transmitting and
receiving verbal and non verbal
messages that produce a response

4. FUNCTION OF
COMMUNICATION
•To provide information
•To give command/instruction
•To influence or persuade
•To integrate and unite

5. DEFINITION FOR
HUMAN COMMUNICATION
A dynamic process of creating
meaning between two or
more people

6. THE COMMUNICATION
PROCESSS MODEL
central
thought
process
linguistic
encoder
central
thought
process
linguistic
encoder
Transmission
through a
channel
Sender’s context Receiver’s context
nois
e
Feedbac
k
though
t
signal
received
acoustic signal
receive
d
thought
1.The encoder (sender) initiates the communication by creating a message.
2. Message is sent to the decoder (receiver) through a communication channel.
3. The receiver responds to the message through the use of feedback.
4. Transactions can be initiated by sender and receiver.

7. MAIN ELEMENTS IN HUMAN
COMMUNICATION
• 1. Sender (encoder)
• 2. Receiver (decoder)
• 3. Input/message
• 4. Channel
• 5. Feedback
• 6. Noise

8. CHANNEL

9. CLASSIFICATION OF CHANNELS
In choosing your channel, analyse your receiver in 4 areas:
• Knowledge
• interests,
• attitudes,
• emotional state

10. RECEIVER (DECODER)

11. 4 AREAS WHEN
ANALYZING RECEIVER
• 1. Knowledge: How much does receiver
know about discussion
• 2. Interest: Is receiver interested in topic
• 3. Attitudes: How is receiver likely to
react to my message
• 4. Emotional states: Is receiver in right
frame of mind

12. FEEDBACK

13. FEEDBACK
• Provide feedback to sender
• Indicate to sender if message is
understood
• Sender (of message) should directly or
indirectly ask for response
• Ask precise questions or make clear
statement

14. PURPOSE OF
COMMUNICATION
• 1. Gain receiver understanding
• 2. Obtain constructive response
from receiver
• 3. Development and maintenance
of good relationship

15. GOALS OF COMMUNICATION
GOAL 1: Facilitate receiver understanding
-both sender and receiver share the same
meaning or idea

16. GOALS OF COMMUNICATION
GOAL 2: Obtain a constructive response
- positive / negative
- can be in the form of words, signals or actions
Thus, a receiver may provide:
• a verbal response
• a signal
• an action

17. GOALS OF COMMUNICATION
GOAL 3: Develop and maintain good
relationship

18. TUTORIAL SESSION

19. GROUP ACTIVITY: CHINESE WHISPER
• 1. Please stand in a line next to each other.
• 2. You will receive instruction of convey a
message with your group members.
• 3. The final recipient of the message must
speak and act out the message that has
been received.

20. BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION

21. BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION SITUATIONS HAVE BARRIERS
(ALSO CALLED AS NOISE OR INTERFERENCE).

22. COMMUNICATION BARRIERS
(INTERFERENCES)
Involves:
• the sender & the receiver
• message and channel

23. BARRIERS TO VERBAL COMMUNICATION

24. TYPES OF BARRIERS
(INTERFERENCES)

25. PROCESSES INVOLVED IN
BARRIERS:
• 1. Encoding barriers
• 2. Decoding barriers
• 3. Transmitting barriers
• 4. Responding barriers

26. ENCODING BARRIERS
Breakdown will happen if sender:
 Fails to recognize receiver’s needs, status,
knowledge and skills
 Encodes message using bad grammar or
appropriate language
 Provides too much or too little information
 Is emotionally disturbed while formulating
message

27. DECODING BARRIERS
Communication may be unsuccessful if the
receiver :
 Has inadequate language proficiency
 Is not in proper mental stage to receiving
message

28. TRANSMITTING BARRIERS
The receiver may find the message difficult to
understand if:
 There are distractions such as noise
 Wrong choice of channel is made

29. RESPONDING BARRIERS
Communication is unsuccessful is no
appropriate feedback is received.

30. VERBAL OR FACE TO FACE
COMMUNICATION
• More effective with immediate
feedback
• Comes as public address,
discussions, meetings,
conferences, lecturers
• Involves transmission of
information from speaker to
listener

31. TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION

32. COMMON TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION

33. INTERPERSONAL & INTRAPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION
1. Intrapersonal Communication
 Our innermost thoughts and self-conversations.
 Private unless we share them verbally to others.
2. Interpersonal Communication
 Communication between two individuals.
 Roles of sender and receiver is swapped continuously.

34. SMALL GROUP & PUBLIC
COMMUNICATION
3. Small group Communication
 Communication amongst a small group of individuals.
 Number of participants should be small enough to allow for all
participants to converse comfortably.
 Requires a specific agenda to be discussed or it can be chaotic and
difficult to follow.
 Potentially needs good leadership to guide the conversation and
discussion flow.
4.Public Communication
 Communication between an individual speaker and a large group.
 Generally, a one-way type of communication.

35. VERBAL COMMUNICATION
• Intrapersonal:
• Interpersonal:
• Small Group Communication
• Public Communication

36. WRITTEN
COMMUNICATION

37. VISUAL
COMMUNICATION
Use of images and
visual effects to
convey
information and
ideas
Use of icons and
emoticons
Use print models
(3D) to ilustrate
drawing or
sketches
Use in
presentations and
emails

38. WHY DOES VISUAL COMMUNICATION MATTER
It saves time by relating messages
faster
Ensures clear, unified message
Results in better retention of
information

39. NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
• Facial expressions
• Eye contact
• Body posture and position
• Gestures
• Para linguistics

40. PARA- LINGUISTICS
Para -linguistic element Meaning
Volume Level of voice (loud or soft)
Tone
Emotions behind the speech (anger, sarcasm,
indifference)
Speed of voice/Speech flow/Fluency The pace of your speech
Intonation/Modulation Rise and fall in your voice (avoid monotony)
Articulation Clarity in voice
Pronunciation The way a word is pronounced correctly
Punctuation Use of pauses as a speech element or style.

41. STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
• Focus on communicative
issues, not sender/receiver
• BE genuine
• BE empathetic
• BE flexible towards others
• Value yourself and your own
experiences

42. ANY QUESTIONS?