Pteridophytes
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Adiantum is described very gently. It will help you learn not only characteristics of Adiantum but also pteridophytes.I hope you like it and if you really did don't forget to like share and comment. thank you
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Pteridophytes
Pteridophytes are vascular plants and have leaves (known as fronds), roots and sometimes true stems, and tree ferns have full trunks. Examples include ferns, horsetails and club-mosses. Fronds in the largest species of ferns can reach some six metres in length!
Many ferns from tropical rain forests are epiphytes, which means they only grow on other plant species; their water comes from the damp air or from rainfall running down branches and tree trunks. There are also some purely aquatic ferns such as water fern or water velvet (Salvinia molesta) and mosquito ferns (Azolla species).
Pteridophytes do not have seeds or flowers either, instead they also reproduce via spores.
There are around 13,000 species of Pteridophytes.
Bryophytes :Amphibians of Plant Kingdom
Bryophytes are small, nonvascular plants that lack true roots, stems, and leaves. They reproduce both sexually and asexually. Sexually, the haploid gametophyte generation produces male and female gametes that fuse to form a diploid zygote, which develops into the sporophyte generation. The sporophyte undergoes meiosis to produce haploid spores, which disperse and germinate to form new gametophytes. Bryophytes play important ecological roles through soil stabilization, moisture retention, and providing habitat. Common bryophyte groups include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.
Bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnosperms
This document summarizes key aspects of bryophytes, pteridophytes, and gymnosperms. Bryophytes reproduce sexually through male and female sex organs on the same or different thalli, with the sporophyte producing spores within a capsule. Mosses have a protonemal stage and leafy shoot stage. Pteridophytes are the first plants with vascular tissue and reproduce via sporangia producing spores that germinate into gametophytes. Gymnosperms are heterosporous with pollen grains fertilizing archegonia within ovules, forming naked seeds without an ovary wall.
Chapter 22 Lecture- Plants
The document provides information about different types of plants, including their structures, life cycles, and evolutionary relationships. It discusses bryophytes like mosses which were some of the earliest plants and do not have vascular tissue. It then covers seedless vascular plants including ferns, club mosses, and horsetails, which have specialized tissues to transport water and nutrients. The life cycles of ferns are described in detail, involving alternation between haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte generations.
Life cycle of fern
The life cycle of ferns involves alternation of generations between a haploid gametophyte and a diploid sporophyte. The sporophyte produces spores through meiosis in structures called sori located on the underside of fern leaves. These spores develop into multicellular gametophytes that produce egg and sperm cells through mitosis. Fertilization of an egg and sperm results in a zygote that grows into a new diploid sporophyte, completing the life cycle.
Bryophytes,Pteridophytes
Bryophytes and pteridophytes are small, non-vascular land plants and the earliest seedless vascular plants, respectively. They have the following key characteristics:
1. They reproduce via spores and have alternation of generations, where the haploid gametophyte generates gametes and the diploid sporophyte produces spores.
2. Bryophytes lack true stems and vascular tissue. Pteridophytes are the first to develop true stems, leaves, and vascular tissue.
3. Both groups require water for fertilization but pteridophytes can grow larger due to their vascular tissue. They bridge the characteristics between early land plants and modern seed plants.
Vascular Plants: Pteridophyta (part 1)
Pteridophyta or Pteridophytes are Vascular Plants (also known as "seedless plants") that reproduce and disperse via spores. They do not produce either seeds or flowers.
Additional info:
+ Division Equisetophyta (horsetails & scouring rushes)
+ Division Psilotophyta (whisk ferns)
(This is our report in Botany 2.)
Made by: Sharmine Ballesteros (BS Biology 2A2-1)
Alternation of generations
The document describes the life cycles of plants, including bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. It explains that plants alternate between a diploid sporophyte generation and a haploid gametophyte generation. Fertilization of eggs by sperm results in a diploid zygote developing into a sporophyte, which produces haploid spores that develop into gametophytes. Seed plants are dominated by the sporophyte generation, with pollen-bearing gametophytes protected within female structures like cones or flowers.
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Pteridophytes
Pteridophytes are vascular plants and have leaves (known as fronds), roots and sometimes true stems, and tree ferns have full trunks. Examples include ferns, horsetails and club-mosses. Fronds in the largest species of ferns can reach some six metres in length!
Many ferns from tropical rain forests are epiphytes, which means they only grow on other plant species; their water comes from the damp air or from rainfall running down branches and tree trunks. There are also some purely aquatic ferns such as water fern or water velvet (Salvinia molesta) and mosquito ferns (Azolla species).
Pteridophytes do not have seeds or flowers either, instead they also reproduce via spores.
There are around 13,000 species of Pteridophytes.
Bryophytes :Amphibians of Plant Kingdom
Bryophytes are small, nonvascular plants that lack true roots, stems, and leaves. They reproduce both sexually and asexually. Sexually, the haploid gametophyte generation produces male and female gametes that fuse to form a diploid zygote, which develops into the sporophyte generation. The sporophyte undergoes meiosis to produce haploid spores, which disperse and germinate to form new gametophytes. Bryophytes play important ecological roles through soil stabilization, moisture retention, and providing habitat. Common bryophyte groups include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.
Bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnosperms
This document summarizes key aspects of bryophytes, pteridophytes, and gymnosperms. Bryophytes reproduce sexually through male and female sex organs on the same or different thalli, with the sporophyte producing spores within a capsule. Mosses have a protonemal stage and leafy shoot stage. Pteridophytes are the first plants with vascular tissue and reproduce via sporangia producing spores that germinate into gametophytes. Gymnosperms are heterosporous with pollen grains fertilizing archegonia within ovules, forming naked seeds without an ovary wall.
Chapter 22 Lecture- Plants
The document provides information about different types of plants, including their structures, life cycles, and evolutionary relationships. It discusses bryophytes like mosses which were some of the earliest plants and do not have vascular tissue. It then covers seedless vascular plants including ferns, club mosses, and horsetails, which have specialized tissues to transport water and nutrients. The life cycles of ferns are described in detail, involving alternation between haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte generations.
Life cycle of fern
The life cycle of ferns involves alternation of generations between a haploid gametophyte and a diploid sporophyte. The sporophyte produces spores through meiosis in structures called sori located on the underside of fern leaves. These spores develop into multicellular gametophytes that produce egg and sperm cells through mitosis. Fertilization of an egg and sperm results in a zygote that grows into a new diploid sporophyte, completing the life cycle.
Bryophytes,Pteridophytes
Bryophytes and pteridophytes are small, non-vascular land plants and the earliest seedless vascular plants, respectively. They have the following key characteristics:
1. They reproduce via spores and have alternation of generations, where the haploid gametophyte generates gametes and the diploid sporophyte produces spores.
2. Bryophytes lack true stems and vascular tissue. Pteridophytes are the first to develop true stems, leaves, and vascular tissue.
3. Both groups require water for fertilization but pteridophytes can grow larger due to their vascular tissue. They bridge the characteristics between early land plants and modern seed plants.
Vascular Plants: Pteridophyta (part 1)
Pteridophyta or Pteridophytes are Vascular Plants (also known as "seedless plants") that reproduce and disperse via spores. They do not produce either seeds or flowers.
Additional info:
+ Division Equisetophyta (horsetails & scouring rushes)
+ Division Psilotophyta (whisk ferns)
(This is our report in Botany 2.)
Made by: Sharmine Ballesteros (BS Biology 2A2-1)
Alternation of generations
The document describes the life cycles of plants, including bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. It explains that plants alternate between a diploid sporophyte generation and a haploid gametophyte generation. Fertilization of eggs by sperm results in a diploid zygote developing into a sporophyte, which produces haploid spores that develop into gametophytes. Seed plants are dominated by the sporophyte generation, with pollen-bearing gametophytes protected within female structures like cones or flowers.
Pteridophyte ppt
This document provides an overview of the general characteristics of pteridophytes. It defines pteridophytes as primitive, vascular land plants with feather-like fronds. It describes their sporophytic plant body, reproduction via spores produced in sporangia, and gametophytic generation. Key aspects covered include occurrence on land and in various habitats, vascular structure, sporangia and sporophyll types, homosporous and heterosporous conditions, antheridia and archegonia, and fertilization leading to a new sporophyte generation dependent initially on the gametophyte.
Life cycle of gymnosperms
1. Gymnosperms are naked seeded non-flowering plants that show alternation of generations between sporophyte and gametophyte stages. The sporophyte plant body is well differentiated into roots, stems, and leaves while the gametophyte is greatly reduced.
2. Gymnosperms reproduce sexually through cones that contain either microsporangia or megasporangia. Pollination occurs and pollen tubes carry sperm to fertilize eggs within the ovules, forming seeds with embryos.
3. The life cycle involves microspores forming male gametophytes that produce sperm, and megaspores forming reduced female gametophytes containing eggs. Fertilization occurs
Fabulous ferns 2011
This lecture was given in February, 2011 as part of the California native plant gardening series ‘Out of the Wilds and Into Your Garden’
Sporophytic evolution of pteridophytes
This document discusses the evolution of leaves in pteridophytes. It describes how leaves evolved from simple to complex structures and outlines two main theories for leaf evolution in ferns: the telome theory and enation theory. The telome theory proposes that leaves evolved through the modification of terminal branches, while the enation theory suggests leaves first evolved as outgrowths from the stem. The document also classifies leaves, discusses theories on leaf origin, and analyzes the merits and demerits of the telome and enation theories.
Phylum tracheophyta 2016
Phylum Tracheophyta includes vascular plants such as ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. It contains plants that have true roots, stems, and leaves due to vascular tissue that transports water and nutrients. Within Tracheophyta there are four subphyla: Lycophyta containing club mosses, Sphenophyta containing horsetails, Psilophyta containing whisk ferns, and Pterophyta containing the largest group of ferns. Ferns reproduce both sexually through spores and asexually through rhizomes, with the sporophyte generation being dominant.
Polypodiophyta
Polypodiophyta are vascular plants that reproduce via spores and range in size from less than 1 cm to 25 m tall tree ferns. Their leaves, called fronds, are megaphylls that are typically divided into smaller segments and require external water for reproduction. Spores are released and grow into small, flat gametophytes that bear archegonia and antheridia for sexual reproduction. A zygote develops into an independent sporophyte as the gametophyte dies off. Ferns were abundant as tree ferns during the Carboniferous period 320-250 million years ago. Some modern uses include using fern fronds in floral arrangements.
Phylum Pteridophyta (True Ferns) - part 2
Phylum Pterophyta or the True Ferns; includes classes, family, genera and species.
(This is our report in Botany 2)
Made by: Kayla Marie Oflash
Tracheophyta
A short presentation in Botany about Tracheophyta, its morphology, life cycle, reproduction, habitat, importance, subspecies, and characteristics.
Presentation2
Tracheophytes, or vascular plants, have specialized tissues called xylem and phloem that allow them to transport water and nutrients throughout the plant. They are divided into three classes: ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. Ferns have vascular bundles and reproduce via spores, while gymnosperms like conifers and cycads reproduce using naked seeds. Angiosperms, which include flowering plants, have fruits containing seeds and complex vascular tissue.
Gymnosperms
Presentation on Gymnosperms. Prepared by Rahmat Alam Puniyali, Student of BS IV at Karakoram International University Gilgit, Pakistan. Photos of related plants are taken by the creator at KIU (Karakoram International University) campus.
(Some of the pictures and diagrams are taken from the websites of their resembling organizations (The McGraw-Hill Companies))
General characters of pteridophytes
- Pteridophytes are the first terrestrial plants that evolved vascular tissues like xylem and phloem. They reproduce via spores and have alternation of generations with separate sporophyte and gametophyte phases.
- They are divided into four classes - Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Sphenopsida, and Pteropsida - based on characteristics of their vascular tissues, sporangia, and other structures.
- Pteridophytes can have different types of steles like protosteles, siphonosteles, and others to transport water and nutrients throughout the plant.
Ginkgo biloba
This document discusses the Ginkgo biloba tree. It begins with the systematic position and 27 synonym names for Ginkgo. It then describes the habit and habitat of Ginkgo, preferring polluted, temperate regions with annual precipitation of 1767 mm. The document outlines the structure of Ginkgo, including its stem, bark, leaves, and reproductive parts. It provides detailed descriptions of the male and female structures and the pollination and fertilization process, including the unique swimming sperm cells of Ginkgo. The document concludes with an image showing the ripened fleshy seed coat and development of Ginkgo seeds.
Bryophytes
Bryophytes are the oldest land plants that have been around for over 400 million years. They are non-vascular plants that do not have true roots but have rhizoids. There are around 2,000 species of bryophytes divided into three groups: mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Mosses are typically small, soft plants that grow in moist areas. Liverworts are also small flowerless plants that can cover patches of ground and produce spores in capsules. Hornworts have spores produced in horn-like capsules and there are only around 100 species.
Introduction to Cryptogamic Botany
Organisms with hidden form of reproduction or reproductive structure. This presentation provide a comprehensive knowledge on such organisms thereby aiding to clearly distinguish them from the Phanerogams, which are organisms with and identifiable form of reproduction or their reproductive structures are identifiable.
Pteridophytes
1. Selaginella is a heterosporous plant that produces megaspores and microspores. The spores develop into male and female gametophytes within their spore walls.
2. Microspores develop into male gametophytes containing antherozoids for fertilization. Megaspores develop into female gametophytes containing archegonia.
3. Fertilization occurs when antherozoids enter the archegonia through openings in the neck canal cells. This leads to the development of a diploid sporophyte within the megaspore.
computer ppt by Shivanshi Dwivedi
This document summarizes the key characteristics and classifications of plants. It divides plants into two main categories: vascular and non-vascular plants. Vascular plants are further divided into seedless plants like ferns and seed plants like gymnosperms and angiosperms. Seedless vascular plants transport water and have underground stems, while non-vascular plants like mosses and liverworts are smaller and found in moist environments. The document provides details on the structures and life cycles of different types of plants.
Ornamental Pteridophyte
Introduction- PTERIDOPHYTES
Pteridophytes in the broad interpretation of the term are vascular plants (plants with xylem & phloem) that reproduce & disperse via spores, because they produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are refered to as CRYPTOGAMS.
The 305 genera & 13,000 species of pteridophytes found throughout the world.
The pteridophyte includes Clubmosses,SPike-mosses, Quilworts,Horsetails,Ferns.
FERNS -Adiantum (Maiden-hair fern)
(Family-Pteridaceae)
A.pedatum, A. raddianum(Delta-maiden hair),
Asplenium, (FAMILY-ASPLENACEAE)- Asplenium nidus
(Birds nest fern),
Blechnum, (family-blechnaceae) , Cyrotomium, (family-dryopteridaceae), Davalia, (family-davalliaceae), Doryopteris
(family-pteridaceae), Nephrolepis,(family-lomariopsidaceae) -N. biserrata furcans, N. exallata mucosa, Pityrogramma
(family-pteridaceae), P.calomelanos (silver fern), P.chrysophylla (golden fern), Platycerium family-polypodiaceae
P. bifurcatum, P.willinckii (silver staghorn),Polypodium(family-polypodiaceae), Polystichum (family-dryopteridaceae),Pteris
(family- pteridaceae), CONCLUSION
Introduction to pteridology
This document provides an overview of the key characteristics of pteridophytes (ferns and fern allies). It discusses their alternation of generations between sporophyte and gametophyte phases, vascular system without xylem vessels, heterosporous or homosporous reproduction, and defining features of their leaves, sporangia, sori, and prothalli. The document also summarizes pteridophyte plant structure, including their roots, stems, leaves, and vascular and fertilization systems.
Plant kingdom
This document provides information about different kingdoms of plants. It begins by listing the main kingdoms - Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms, and Algae. It then focuses on describing Algae in more detail, including their characteristics, reproduction methods, economic importance, and classification into three main classes: Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae, and Rhodophyceae. Brief descriptions are also provided for Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, and Gymnosperms.
Plant kingdom
1. The document classifies plants into five kingdoms - algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms.
2. It describes key characteristics of each group such as their reproductive structures, life cycles, and examples.
3. Angiosperms are distinguished by their production of flowers which contain male stamens and female pistils, leading to double fertilization and the enclosure of seeds in fruits.
Kingdom Plantae
Vascular plants like tracheophytes have evolved vascular tissues like xylem and phloem that allow them to successfully adapt to land. They are divided into four sub-divisions - Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Sphenopsida, and Pteropsida. Psilopsida are the earliest group and have rootless sporophytes. Lycopsida were the first to form true leaves and roots. Sphenopsida have scale-like or whorled leaves and sporangia borne on sporangiophores. Pteropsida are divided into filicineae (ferns), gymnosperms, and angiosperms. Filicineae and gymnosperms are seed
Classification of pteridophytes
Pteridophytes are classified into four classes: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Sphenopsida, and Pteropsida. Psilopsida includes the oldest vascular plants with scale-like leaves and spores produced directly on the stem. Lycopsida have well-defined roots, stems, and microphyllous leaves. Spores are borne in strobili. Sphenopsida only contains the living genus Equisetum, with nodes, whorls of small leaves, and sporangiophores bearing spores. Pteropsida contains most ferns, with large megaphyllous fronds, rhizomes, and sori of sporangia
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Pteridophyte ppt
This document provides an overview of the general characteristics of pteridophytes. It defines pteridophytes as primitive, vascular land plants with feather-like fronds. It describes their sporophytic plant body, reproduction via spores produced in sporangia, and gametophytic generation. Key aspects covered include occurrence on land and in various habitats, vascular structure, sporangia and sporophyll types, homosporous and heterosporous conditions, antheridia and archegonia, and fertilization leading to a new sporophyte generation dependent initially on the gametophyte.
Life cycle of gymnosperms
1. Gymnosperms are naked seeded non-flowering plants that show alternation of generations between sporophyte and gametophyte stages. The sporophyte plant body is well differentiated into roots, stems, and leaves while the gametophyte is greatly reduced.
2. Gymnosperms reproduce sexually through cones that contain either microsporangia or megasporangia. Pollination occurs and pollen tubes carry sperm to fertilize eggs within the ovules, forming seeds with embryos.
3. The life cycle involves microspores forming male gametophytes that produce sperm, and megaspores forming reduced female gametophytes containing eggs. Fertilization occurs
Fabulous ferns 2011
This lecture was given in February, 2011 as part of the California native plant gardening series ‘Out of the Wilds and Into Your Garden’
Sporophytic evolution of pteridophytes
This document discusses the evolution of leaves in pteridophytes. It describes how leaves evolved from simple to complex structures and outlines two main theories for leaf evolution in ferns: the telome theory and enation theory. The telome theory proposes that leaves evolved through the modification of terminal branches, while the enation theory suggests leaves first evolved as outgrowths from the stem. The document also classifies leaves, discusses theories on leaf origin, and analyzes the merits and demerits of the telome and enation theories.
Phylum tracheophyta 2016
Phylum Tracheophyta includes vascular plants such as ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. It contains plants that have true roots, stems, and leaves due to vascular tissue that transports water and nutrients. Within Tracheophyta there are four subphyla: Lycophyta containing club mosses, Sphenophyta containing horsetails, Psilophyta containing whisk ferns, and Pterophyta containing the largest group of ferns. Ferns reproduce both sexually through spores and asexually through rhizomes, with the sporophyte generation being dominant.
Polypodiophyta
Polypodiophyta are vascular plants that reproduce via spores and range in size from less than 1 cm to 25 m tall tree ferns. Their leaves, called fronds, are megaphylls that are typically divided into smaller segments and require external water for reproduction. Spores are released and grow into small, flat gametophytes that bear archegonia and antheridia for sexual reproduction. A zygote develops into an independent sporophyte as the gametophyte dies off. Ferns were abundant as tree ferns during the Carboniferous period 320-250 million years ago. Some modern uses include using fern fronds in floral arrangements.
Phylum Pteridophyta (True Ferns) - part 2
Phylum Pterophyta or the True Ferns; includes classes, family, genera and species.
(This is our report in Botany 2)
Made by: Kayla Marie Oflash
Tracheophyta
A short presentation in Botany about Tracheophyta, its morphology, life cycle, reproduction, habitat, importance, subspecies, and characteristics.
Presentation2
Tracheophytes, or vascular plants, have specialized tissues called xylem and phloem that allow them to transport water and nutrients throughout the plant. They are divided into three classes: ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. Ferns have vascular bundles and reproduce via spores, while gymnosperms like conifers and cycads reproduce using naked seeds. Angiosperms, which include flowering plants, have fruits containing seeds and complex vascular tissue.
Gymnosperms
Presentation on Gymnosperms. Prepared by Rahmat Alam Puniyali, Student of BS IV at Karakoram International University Gilgit, Pakistan. Photos of related plants are taken by the creator at KIU (Karakoram International University) campus.
(Some of the pictures and diagrams are taken from the websites of their resembling organizations (The McGraw-Hill Companies))
General characters of pteridophytes
- Pteridophytes are the first terrestrial plants that evolved vascular tissues like xylem and phloem. They reproduce via spores and have alternation of generations with separate sporophyte and gametophyte phases.
- They are divided into four classes - Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Sphenopsida, and Pteropsida - based on characteristics of their vascular tissues, sporangia, and other structures.
- Pteridophytes can have different types of steles like protosteles, siphonosteles, and others to transport water and nutrients throughout the plant.
Ginkgo biloba
This document discusses the Ginkgo biloba tree. It begins with the systematic position and 27 synonym names for Ginkgo. It then describes the habit and habitat of Ginkgo, preferring polluted, temperate regions with annual precipitation of 1767 mm. The document outlines the structure of Ginkgo, including its stem, bark, leaves, and reproductive parts. It provides detailed descriptions of the male and female structures and the pollination and fertilization process, including the unique swimming sperm cells of Ginkgo. The document concludes with an image showing the ripened fleshy seed coat and development of Ginkgo seeds.
Bryophytes
Bryophytes are the oldest land plants that have been around for over 400 million years. They are non-vascular plants that do not have true roots but have rhizoids. There are around 2,000 species of bryophytes divided into three groups: mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Mosses are typically small, soft plants that grow in moist areas. Liverworts are also small flowerless plants that can cover patches of ground and produce spores in capsules. Hornworts have spores produced in horn-like capsules and there are only around 100 species.
Introduction to Cryptogamic Botany
Organisms with hidden form of reproduction or reproductive structure. This presentation provide a comprehensive knowledge on such organisms thereby aiding to clearly distinguish them from the Phanerogams, which are organisms with and identifiable form of reproduction or their reproductive structures are identifiable.
Pteridophytes
1. Selaginella is a heterosporous plant that produces megaspores and microspores. The spores develop into male and female gametophytes within their spore walls.
2. Microspores develop into male gametophytes containing antherozoids for fertilization. Megaspores develop into female gametophytes containing archegonia.
3. Fertilization occurs when antherozoids enter the archegonia through openings in the neck canal cells. This leads to the development of a diploid sporophyte within the megaspore.
computer ppt by Shivanshi Dwivedi
This document summarizes the key characteristics and classifications of plants. It divides plants into two main categories: vascular and non-vascular plants. Vascular plants are further divided into seedless plants like ferns and seed plants like gymnosperms and angiosperms. Seedless vascular plants transport water and have underground stems, while non-vascular plants like mosses and liverworts are smaller and found in moist environments. The document provides details on the structures and life cycles of different types of plants.
Ornamental Pteridophyte
Introduction- PTERIDOPHYTES
Pteridophytes in the broad interpretation of the term are vascular plants (plants with xylem & phloem) that reproduce & disperse via spores, because they produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are refered to as CRYPTOGAMS.
The 305 genera & 13,000 species of pteridophytes found throughout the world.
The pteridophyte includes Clubmosses,SPike-mosses, Quilworts,Horsetails,Ferns.
FERNS -Adiantum (Maiden-hair fern)
(Family-Pteridaceae)
A.pedatum, A. raddianum(Delta-maiden hair),
Asplenium, (FAMILY-ASPLENACEAE)- Asplenium nidus
(Birds nest fern),
Blechnum, (family-blechnaceae) , Cyrotomium, (family-dryopteridaceae), Davalia, (family-davalliaceae), Doryopteris
(family-pteridaceae), Nephrolepis,(family-lomariopsidaceae) -N. biserrata furcans, N. exallata mucosa, Pityrogramma
(family-pteridaceae), P.calomelanos (silver fern), P.chrysophylla (golden fern), Platycerium family-polypodiaceae
P. bifurcatum, P.willinckii (silver staghorn),Polypodium(family-polypodiaceae), Polystichum (family-dryopteridaceae),Pteris
(family- pteridaceae), CONCLUSION
Introduction to pteridology
This document provides an overview of the key characteristics of pteridophytes (ferns and fern allies). It discusses their alternation of generations between sporophyte and gametophyte phases, vascular system without xylem vessels, heterosporous or homosporous reproduction, and defining features of their leaves, sporangia, sori, and prothalli. The document also summarizes pteridophyte plant structure, including their roots, stems, leaves, and vascular and fertilization systems.
Plant kingdom
This document provides information about different kingdoms of plants. It begins by listing the main kingdoms - Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms, and Algae. It then focuses on describing Algae in more detail, including their characteristics, reproduction methods, economic importance, and classification into three main classes: Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae, and Rhodophyceae. Brief descriptions are also provided for Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, and Gymnosperms.
Plant kingdom
1. The document classifies plants into five kingdoms - algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms.
2. It describes key characteristics of each group such as their reproductive structures, life cycles, and examples.
3. Angiosperms are distinguished by their production of flowers which contain male stamens and female pistils, leading to double fertilization and the enclosure of seeds in fruits.
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Pteridophytes are classified into four classes: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Sphenopsida, and Pteropsida. Psilopsida includes the oldest vascular plants with scale-like leaves and spores produced directly on the stem. Lycopsida have well-defined roots, stems, and microphyllous leaves. Spores are borne in strobili. Sphenopsida only contains the living genus Equisetum, with nodes, whorls of small leaves, and sporangiophores bearing spores. Pteropsida contains most ferns, with large megaphyllous fronds, rhizomes, and sori of sporangia
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The Plant Kingdom is characterized by autotrophic organisms that produce their own food, have cell walls, chloroplasts, and vascular tissue. Plants are classified based on their plant body, vascular system, and seed formation. The divisions include cryptogams (non-flowering) such as algae, fungi, lichens, bryophytes, and pteridophytes, as well as phanerogams (seed-bearing) such as gymnosperms and angiosperms. Angiosperms are further divided into monocots and dicots.
Non flowering plants life cycle
Non-flowering plants reproduce using spores rather than flowers and seeds. They are divided into three main groups: mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Mosses belong to the division Bryophyta and have gametophyte and sporophyte phases in their life cycle. They reproduce asexually through fragmentation and gemmae, and sexually through the fertilization of eggs by sperm. Ferns belong to the division Pterophyta and have vascular tissues that allow them to grow larger than mosses. They also have alternation between gametophyte and sporophyte generations. Gymnosperms like conifers reproduce using naked seeds on cone scales rather than enclosed in fruits. They have a dominant
Kingdom plantae
This document summarizes the key plant groups within the kingdom Plantae. It describes the main divisions of cryptogams (non-seed plants) including algae, bryophyta, and pteridophyta. It then summarizes the divisions of phanerogams (seed plants) including gymnosperms and angiosperms. For each group, it highlights their defining characteristics such as reproduction methods, tissue composition, and examples. The document also provides diagrams to illustrate plant life cycles and the alternation of generations exhibited by many plant groups.
Algae classification and Bryophytes
This document discusses the classification of algae and bryophytes. It describes the three main classes of algae - Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae, and Rhodophyceae - based on their pigments, food storage, and cell wall composition. It provides details on characteristics of each class like their chloroplast structure, reproduction processes, and examples. Bryophytes include mosses and liverworts which are described as amphibians of the plant kingdom that can live on land but require water for reproduction. Their life cycle involving alternation of generations between haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte is summarized.
Pea
This document provides an introduction to pea (Pisum sativum L.), including its origin, distribution, description, botany, uses, and breeding. It notes that pea originated in the Mediterranean region and western Asia and is now widely cultivated globally. Pea is used as a fresh or processed vegetable and for dehydration, canning, and freezing. The document describes pea plant morphology and inheritance patterns. It outlines breeding objectives such as disease resistance, yield, and quality. Breeding methods including selection and hybridization are discussed. Popular varieties developed in India are mentioned.
Furneria
- Funaria is a genus of moss that includes approximately 210 species, with 18 found in India. The most common species is Funaria hygrometrica.
- Funaria mosses are small, primitive, autotrophic plants that grow in dense patches in moist, shady areas. They reproduce both sexually through spores and asexually through fragmentation, gemmae, and bulbils.
- The life cycle involves an alternation of generations between the haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte phases. Fertilization occurs when sperm fertilize eggs within archegonia, forming diploid zygotes that develop into sporophytes.
morphology-of-flowering-plants-5.pptx
The document summarizes the morphology of flowering plants. It describes the main parts of a flowering plant - roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits. It discusses the different root systems and modifications of roots, stems and leaves. It also explains the structures and modifications of flowers including the calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium. Inflorescence patterns and symmetry of flowers are also summarized.
Fern
Ferns reproduce through an alternation of generations, where they have both a sporophyte and gametophyte stage. The sporophyte produces spores that grow into the gametophyte plant, which produces eggs and sperm. When an egg is fertilized by sperm, it grows into a new sporophyte plant, completing the life cycle. Ferns reproduce using these spores rather than flowers, fruits, or seeds. They have sori clusters on their leaves undersides that contain sporangia holding the reproductive spores.
Gymnosperms
Gymnosperm is from the Greek “gymnos” naked, and “sperma” seeds. They are groups of vascular plants that reproduce by means of an exposed seeds or ovules. They are phanerogams according to A. W. Eichler.
PPT PLANT KINGDOM IX - ARYAN NANDA.pdf
This document provides an overview of plant classification, including the five major kingdoms: Thallophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms. It describes key characteristics of each kingdom such as their structure, reproduction methods, and examples. Angiosperms are further divided into dicots and monocots, which are compared based on their seed and plant characteristics. The document serves as a reference for the major groups within the plant kingdom.
bryophytes and pteridophytes.ppt cryptogams
This document discusses cryptogams, which are early non-vascular land plants. It presents the hypothesis that all plants evolved from ancient green algae based on shared traits like chloroplasts, cellulose cell walls, and starch storage. Bryophytes like mosses, liverworts, and hornworts are described as the first land plants, lacking true roots and vascular tissue. Their life cycles involve a dominant haploid gametophyte phase and a dependent diploid sporophyte phase. Classification systems for different bryophyte groups are also outlined. Pteridophytes represent the next stage of land plant evolution with differentiated roots, stems, and leaves, but lacking seeds.
Plants
Plants can be divided into three main groups based on their reproduction methods:
1) Non-seed producing plants like algae, fungi, mosses and ferns reproduce using spores and lack true roots, stems and leaves.
2) Gymnosperms are seed-producing but flowerless plants like conifers that bear cones and have exposed seeds.
3) Angiosperms are flowering plants that have seeds enclosed in fruits; they are divided into monocots and dicots. Monocots have single cotyledons while dicots have two.
Plants
Plants can be divided into two main groups - those that produce seeds and those that do not. Seedless plants are further divided into thallophytes (algae and fungi), bryophytes (mosses and liverworts), and pteridophytes (ferns and club mosses). Seed-producing plants include gymnosperms (conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants). Angiosperms are divided into monocots and dicots depending on whether they have one or two seed leaves. Monocots and dicots also differ in root structure, leaf vein patterns, and flower structures.
Pteridophytes as first vascular plants
Pteridophytes were the first vascular plants to evolve, originating around 400 million years ago. They are characterized by having well-developed vascular tissue for transporting water and nutrients. Pteridophytes reproduce via spores and have alternation of generations, with both gametophyte and sporophyte generations. They differ from other plants in being non-flowering and non-seed producing. Common examples include ferns, clubmosses, and horsetails. Pteridophytes first dominated terrestrial ecosystems but now many species thrive in moist, shaded environments.
angiosperms.pptx
Angiosperms are flowering plants that reproduce sexually through flowers. They dominate terrestrial ecosystems, making up around 90% of all plant species. Key characteristics include producing flowers, fruits, and seeds. Angiosperms were more reproductively successful than earlier plants due to animal pollination and seed dispersal via fruits. They have a double fertilization process and can be annual, biennial, or perennial. Angiosperms occupy nearly all habitats on Earth and are economically important as food, materials, medicines, and ornamentals.
DIVERSITY IN ORGANISMS
This document discusses diversity in living organisms. It describes four types of diversity: point diversity, alpha diversity, gamma diversity, and epsilon diversity. It then explains the five-kingdom classification system of Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Within each kingdom, various phyla and examples are outlined. The document focuses in depth on the plant and animal kingdoms, describing their classifications and key characteristics.
family orchidaceae ppt
The document discusses the orchid family (Orchidaceae). It describes their key characteristics such as perennial herbs that can be terrestrial, epiphytic or saprophytic. Their flowers are zygomorphic, hermaphroditic and epigynous. They have modified structures like the labellum, column and rostellum. Pollen is united into pollinia. They are one of the largest flowering plant families with over 1000 genera and 20,000 species found worldwide, especially in tropical areas. Orchids show primitive characteristics like pseudobulbs and advanced characteristics like diverse flower shapes and sizes and pollinia formation.
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- 2. A persentation of botany By Rooshana Sadaqat
- 3. General Characteristics of Pteridiophytes (Adiantum)
- 4. Introduction to pteridiophytes • Pteridophtyes are a phylum of plants. • There are about eleven thousand different species of pteridophytes, making them the most diverse land plants after the flowering plants (angiosperms). • Pteridophytes may represent the closest living relatives (sister group) to the seed plants.
- 5. Adiantum • Division Pteropsida • Class Leptosporangiopsida • Order Filicales • Family Polypodiaceae • Genus Adiantum
- 6. General Characteristics • Dwelling • Vegetative attributes • Morphological attributes • Reproduction
- 7. Dwelling: • Pteridophytes are considered as the first plants to be evolved on land • Because of the shiny black rachis of the leaves,adiantum is also called maiden hair fern. • It is found in plains of Punjab, Pakistan. • It grows ubiquitously wherever nature offers a moist, shaded locality. There are nearly 200 species. • Maidenhairs are intolerant of direct sun, thriving in indirect or filtered light, high humidity and rich, moist soil. • They are also grown for ornamental purposes.
- 8. Vegetative attributes: • Asexual reproduction occurs by spore formation and sexual reproduction occurs by zygote formation. • The plant is homosporous sporophyte. • Sporogenesis was scrutinized from sporangial initial of a single surface cell to the annulus shedding spores explosively.
- 9. Morphological attributes: • The plant body is differentiated into roots, stem and leaves. Stem is in form f rhizome actually. • Rhizome is a perennial, subterranean dichotomously branched structure and is creeping in A. capillus-veneris . • Roots actually arise from stem. Roots are adventitious and may be branched. • Leaves The leaves are also called fronds and are pinnately compound.
- 10. Reproduction • The life cycle of adiantum is characterized by alternation of generation and both the spore and gamete producing generations are independent. • Adiantum is homosporous. The reproduction takes place by the production of spores. The spores are produced in sporangia. • The prothallus of adiantum is heart shaped. It is remain single layered at the margins and cells are thick in middle. Contain a single disc shaped chloroplast. There is no mycorhizal fungus in the prothallus