The cerebral cortex is the outer layer of the brain involved in complex mental abilities like planning, problem-solving, perception, learning, memory, and language. It processes sensory information and controls voluntary movement. It is divided into sensory, motor, and association areas. The two hemispheres are connected by the corpus callosum and have four lobes - frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal. Each lobe and area has specialized functions related to language, logic, spatial thinking, vision, audition, movement, and more. Damage to areas like Broca's area or Wernicke's area can impact speech production or comprehension respectively.

1. The Cerebral
Cortex
DP2: THE ROLE OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX IN THE
PROCESSING OF COMPLEX SENSORY INFORMATION,
THE INITIATION OF VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS,
LANGUAGE, SYMBOLIC THINKING AND THE REGULATION
OF EMOTION, INCLUDING LOCALISATION OF FUNCTION.

2. Cerebral Cortex
outer layer of the brain
involved with complex mental abilities such as planning, problem-solving,
perception, learning, memory and language
processes incoming sensory information and also controls voluntary movement
active whenever you read, speak, experience an emotion, estimate time, recall an
answer, make plans, appreciate a song, catch a ball
brain tissue in CC can be broken into 3 categories - sensory, motor and
association areas
Sensory areas - receive and process sensory information
Motor areas - initiate our voluntary movement
Association areas - cover the rest of the cerebral cortex and deal with complex
thinking (learning and reasoning)

3. The two cerebral hemispheres are connected by the
corpus callosum and are known as the left and right
hemispheres.
The two hemispheres are basically symmetrical, and
both contain four lobes, which are located in the
same place on each hemisphere.

5. LEFT HEMISPHERE SPECIALISATION
verbal functions - reading, writing, speaking,
understanding speech
analytical functions - breaking down a task, sequential
step by step (e.g. evaluate a psychology experimental
design, prepare a meal, finding time to complete
homework, develop arguments for a debate)

6. RIGHT HEMISPHERE SPECIALISATION
non-verbal functions that do not depend on language
skills
spatial and visual thinking, such as completing a
jigsaw puzzle
recognising faces, patterns and tunes
appreciating music and artworks
creative thinking
day-dreaming

7. The Left
Hemisphere
receives sensory information from and controls movement on the right side
of the body
specialises in tasks that involve language (e.g. speaking/writing) and logic -
for example, breaking down a task into clear step-by-step processes (e.g.
maths problem)
The left hemisphere specialises in tasks involving language and logic.

8. The Right
Hemisphere
receives sensory information from and controls movement on the left side of
the body
specialises in non-verbal functions such as:
spatial and visual thinking (e.g. jigsaw puzzle)
creative thinking
recognising faces and patterns

9. FRONTAL
LOBE
PARIETAL
LOBE
OCCIPITAL
LOBE
TEMPORAL
LOBE
FPOT

10. FRONTAL LOBE
FRONTAL LOBE
FRONTAL LOBE
largest brain lobe
located in the upper forward half of the cerebral cortex
at the front is the prefrontal cortex - a large association
area involved with complex mental processes such as
planning, problem-solving and reasoning
also plays a key role in personality (through planning and
initiating behaviour) and attention

11. PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX
PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX
PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX
located in the frontal lobe (at the rear)
responsible for initiating and controlling all voluntary
movements
PMC in the left hemisphere controls movements on the right
side of the body, and PMC in the right hemisphere controls
movements on the left side of the body

12. BROCA'S AREA
BROCA'S AREA
BROCA'S AREA
located in frontal lobe, right next to primary motor cortex
only loctated in LEFT HEMISPHERE
plays essential role in the production of speech
helps to coordinate messages to areas such as your tongue,
jaw, and mouth so that you can pronounce words and sounds
clearly
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWC-cVQmEmY

13. PARIETAL LOBE
PARIETAL LOBE
PARIETAL LOBE
located behind the frontal lobe in upper half of the brain
key role: receiving and processing somatosensory info
has association areas that are involved in attention and
judging the position of our body in space

14. PRIMARY SOMATOSENSORY
PRIMARY SOMATOSENSORY
PRIMARY SOMATOSENSORY
CORTEX
CORTEX
CORTEX
located behind the PMC, at the front of the parietal lobe
receives and processes sensory info from skin/body
parts
just like the PMC, PSC in the left hemisphere processes
somatosensory information from the right side of the
body, and vice versa

15. OCCIPITAL LOBE
OCCIPITAL LOBE
OCCIPITAL LOBE
located at the back of each cerebral hemisphere
almost entirely devoted to vision

16. PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX
PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX
PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX
located at back of each occipital lobe
receives visual information from the eyes
each hemisphere receives half of the visual information
this is where it gets a little tricky..!!
left half of each eye sends information to the left occipital lobe
right half of each eye sends info to the right occipital lobe
however.... the left half of each eye is receiving visual sensory
information from the right visual field
the right half of each eye is receiving visual sensory information
from the left visual field

17. The left half of each eye
receives information from
the right visual field, and the
information is processed in
the left occipital lobe.
The right half of each eye
receives information from
the left visual field, and the
information is processed in
the right occipital lobe.

18. TEMPORAL LOBE
TEMPORAL LOBE
TEMPORAL LOBE
located in the lower, central area of the brain
plays a key role in auditory perception and is also
heavily involved in memory

19. PRIMARY AUDITORY CORTEX
PRIMARY AUDITORY CORTEX
PRIMARY AUDITORY CORTEX
one in each temporal lobe
receive and process sounds from both ears, allowing us
to identify different sounds
different parts of the cortex respond to different types of
sounds (e.g. high pitched vs. deep sounds)

20. WERNICKE'S AREA
WERNICKE'S AREA
WERNICKE'S AREA
located right next to Broca's area in the left hemisphere and is
connected to it by a bundle of nerves
it is crucial for the comprehension of speech - interpreting the
sounds of human speech to give it meaning
words don't make sense until they have been processed by
Wernicke's area
Someone who suffers damage to Broca's area will have trouble speaking, and
often speaks in very short sentences (think brief).
Someone who suffers damage to Wernicke's area will have more difficulty
comprehending speech, and will struggle to speak in a meaningful way (think
word salad).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3oef68YabD0