The fore brain receives information from the hind brain and midbrain. It consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, and cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex is divided into two hemispheres and four lobes in each hemisphere - the frontal, temporal, occipital, and parietal lobes. The frontal lobe controls motor functions, the occipital lobe handles visual functions, the temporal lobe manages auditory and language functions, and the parietal lobe focuses on somatosensory functions. Damage to different areas of the fore brain can cause distinct issues, such as cortical blindness from occipital lobe damage or inability to comprehend language with temporal lobe injury.

1. By:

2. Fore Brain:
Information Aafter hind brain and midbrain travels to Fore Brain.
Consists of two areas;
One covers: Thalamus, Hypothalamus and Limbic System,
Other Covers: Cerebral Cortex.
Cerebral cortex is divided into two symmetrical halves called
“Cerebral Hemisphere.
Right hemisphere regulates left hemisphere functions and left
hemisphere handles right hemisphere.
Each hemisphere has four lobes:
The frontal, temporal, occipital & parietal lobes.
These lobes are folded into ridges and sub-cortical part by two
major landmarks; Central fissure & lateral fissure.

3. Frontal lobe is behind the forehead.
Parietal lobe is at the top of the head and to the rear.
Occipital lobe is at the bottom or back of the head.
Temporal lobe is above the ears.

4. Three important functions central
cortex:
Sensory Function
Motor Function
Associative Function

5. * Somatosensory area lies at the front of the
parietal lobes.
* Parallel to motor area.
* Responsible to receive the information
coming from skin senses and body
movements.
(i) Parietal lobe- Centers on somatosensory
function.

6. * Work on upside down fashion. Eg: sensation for
toes are located on the top and the lips on the
bottom of the brain.
* When specific part of right hemisphere is
stimulated, the left part of the body experiences
that stimulation i.e. works in an opposite manner.
* The more body parts used the greater area of the
sensory cortex is developed. E.g. lips have a larger
brain area than toes.
Important characteristics of
somatosensory area:

7. * Lies at very back of cortex.
* Responsible for light and colors.
* Visual informations are processed and conveyed
to association area of brain.
* Helps to recognize words, faces etc.
* Damage can cause cortical blindness even
without any defect in the eyes.
(ii) Occipital lobe- visual centers

8. * Responsible for audition and language to some
extent.
* Has two basic centers:
-Primary center & - Secondary center
* The primary area is said to generate sound while
secondary area gives elaboration and meanings to
them.
* wernick’s area discovered by Karl Wernicke in 1870,
controls the understanding of spoken language.
* Damage in it results people only speaking
meaningless words and inability to comprehend other
words.
(iii)Temporal lobe- auditory centers

9. * It is near the face.
# Body sense area controls all the body movements. It
has four characteristics;
• The responses are mediated from upside down
fashion.
• Movement on right side of the body came through
stimulation of the motor area of left hemisphere
and vice versa.
• The more parts of the body are used the more
creates the space in the cortex.
• The functions of motor cortex can be mapped and
localized.
(iv) Frontal lobe-centers for motor functions

10. # Broca’s speech area was discovered by Paul
Broca in 1965.
* Plays specific role in our ability to speak
languages.
* Situated in left frontal lobe.
* Located in right hemisphere of the left handed
people and left hemisphere of the right handed
people.
Contd.