Parts And Functions of Human Brain
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Brief information about structure and functions of parts of brain-Cerebrum, Olfactory lobes, Cerebellum, medulla olongata, pons,etc.
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Physiology of smell
This document summarizes key aspects of olfaction and the olfactory system. It describes the main olfactory epithelium and vomeronasal organ as the sites of olfaction. The olfactory epithelium contains olfactory receptor cells with cilia that project into the mucus and detect odors. When an odorant binds to a receptor, it triggers an action potential that travels along the olfactory nerve to the olfactory bulb for processing and transmission to the cortex. The document also lists common odor thresholds and abnormalities that can impact sense of smell.
The sense of smell
1) The olfactory mucous membrane is a small area in the roof of the nasal cavity that contains 10-20 million olfactory receptor cells which detect smells.
2) When an odorant molecule binds to a receptor, it triggers a signaling cascade that leads to an action potential in the receptor neuron.
3) The axons of receptor cells project to the olfactory bulbs where they synapse with other neurons and transmit smell information to the central nervous system.
SENSE OF SMELL
This document discusses the sense of smell and olfaction. It begins by describing the location of olfactory receptors in the olfactory mucosa of the nasal cavity. It then outlines the olfactory pathway from the receptors through the olfactory bulb, tract, and cortex. Finally, it discusses the physiology of olfaction including odorant molecule characteristics, transduction in receptor neurons, processing in the olfactory bulb and cortex, and factors influencing olfactory function.
Sense organs ear
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the human ear. It describes the three main parts of the ear - the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear collects sound waves. The middle ear contains three small bones that transmit vibrations through the inner ear. The inner ear contains fluid-filled structures, including the cochlea, that transduce vibrations into nerve signals for hearing and balance. The document also briefly discusses common ear disorders like infections and deafness.
Brain And Five Senses
The document summarizes the main parts and functions of the human brain and sensory systems. It discusses that the brain is responsible for overseeing the body's daily operations and interpreting sensory information. It describes the three main parts of the brain - the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem - and their functions in voluntary control, coordination, and vital processes. It also outlines the five basic senses - sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch - and their associated sensory receptors and organs that detect stimuli and transmit messages to the brain.
Nerves system(CNS, PNS)
“The right half of the brain controls the left half of the body. This means that only left handed people are in their right mind.”
Made up of brain and spinal cordActs as body’s control center, coordinates body’s activitiesImpulses travel through the neurons in your body to reach the brainCentral Nervous System is yellow in this diagram.
Made up of all the nerves that carry messages to and from the central nervous system.Similar to telephone wires that connect all of our houses in the communityCentral Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System work together to make rapid changes in your body in response to stimuli.Peripheral Nervous System is green in this diagram.
Somatic Nervous SystemRelay information between skin, skeletal muscles and central nervous systemYou consciously control this pathway by deciding whether or not to move muscles (except reflexes)Reflexes: Automatic response to stimulusAutonomic Nervous SystemRelay information from central nervous system to organsInvoluntary: You do not consciously control theseSympathetic Nervous System: controls in times of stress, such as the flight or fight responseParasympathetic Nervous System: controls body in times of rest
OLFACTION
Olfaction is very important for us and also for other animals.
Dog’s sense of smell is 1000 times more than humans. People use dog’s keen sense of smell in many ways---
Govt. agencies use specially trained dogs in search and rescue missio
Detection of narcotics.
Detection of forensic cadaver material.
Due to lack of smell the following disorders may be seen---
Anosmia : lack of ability to smell
Hyposmia- decreased ability to smell
Phantosmia- [“hallucinated smell”] often unpleasant in nature
Dysosmia- things smell differently than they should.
Hyperosmia- an abnormally acute sense of smell
Some times olfaction serve as marker for Perkinson’s diseases. Some illness can be diagnosed by their associated smell( e.g. acetone and diabetes). So smell therapy and clinical use of odour is an area for future.
Nervous system
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system. It describes the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes nerves. The brain is divided into the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. The cerebrum controls thought and movement. It is divided into four lobes with different functions. The cerebellum aids in movement coordination. The brain stem connects the brain to the spinal cord. The spinal cord runs through the vertebrae and gives rise to spinal nerves. Nerves transmit signals between the CNS and body.
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Physiology of smell
This document summarizes key aspects of olfaction and the olfactory system. It describes the main olfactory epithelium and vomeronasal organ as the sites of olfaction. The olfactory epithelium contains olfactory receptor cells with cilia that project into the mucus and detect odors. When an odorant binds to a receptor, it triggers an action potential that travels along the olfactory nerve to the olfactory bulb for processing and transmission to the cortex. The document also lists common odor thresholds and abnormalities that can impact sense of smell.
The sense of smell
1) The olfactory mucous membrane is a small area in the roof of the nasal cavity that contains 10-20 million olfactory receptor cells which detect smells.
2) When an odorant molecule binds to a receptor, it triggers a signaling cascade that leads to an action potential in the receptor neuron.
3) The axons of receptor cells project to the olfactory bulbs where they synapse with other neurons and transmit smell information to the central nervous system.
SENSE OF SMELL
This document discusses the sense of smell and olfaction. It begins by describing the location of olfactory receptors in the olfactory mucosa of the nasal cavity. It then outlines the olfactory pathway from the receptors through the olfactory bulb, tract, and cortex. Finally, it discusses the physiology of olfaction including odorant molecule characteristics, transduction in receptor neurons, processing in the olfactory bulb and cortex, and factors influencing olfactory function.
Sense organs ear
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the human ear. It describes the three main parts of the ear - the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear collects sound waves. The middle ear contains three small bones that transmit vibrations through the inner ear. The inner ear contains fluid-filled structures, including the cochlea, that transduce vibrations into nerve signals for hearing and balance. The document also briefly discusses common ear disorders like infections and deafness.
Brain And Five Senses
The document summarizes the main parts and functions of the human brain and sensory systems. It discusses that the brain is responsible for overseeing the body's daily operations and interpreting sensory information. It describes the three main parts of the brain - the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem - and their functions in voluntary control, coordination, and vital processes. It also outlines the five basic senses - sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch - and their associated sensory receptors and organs that detect stimuli and transmit messages to the brain.
Nerves system(CNS, PNS)
“The right half of the brain controls the left half of the body. This means that only left handed people are in their right mind.”
Made up of brain and spinal cordActs as body’s control center, coordinates body’s activitiesImpulses travel through the neurons in your body to reach the brainCentral Nervous System is yellow in this diagram.
Made up of all the nerves that carry messages to and from the central nervous system.Similar to telephone wires that connect all of our houses in the communityCentral Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System work together to make rapid changes in your body in response to stimuli.Peripheral Nervous System is green in this diagram.
Somatic Nervous SystemRelay information between skin, skeletal muscles and central nervous systemYou consciously control this pathway by deciding whether or not to move muscles (except reflexes)Reflexes: Automatic response to stimulusAutonomic Nervous SystemRelay information from central nervous system to organsInvoluntary: You do not consciously control theseSympathetic Nervous System: controls in times of stress, such as the flight or fight responseParasympathetic Nervous System: controls body in times of rest
OLFACTION
Olfaction is very important for us and also for other animals.
Dog’s sense of smell is 1000 times more than humans. People use dog’s keen sense of smell in many ways---
Govt. agencies use specially trained dogs in search and rescue missio
Detection of narcotics.
Detection of forensic cadaver material.
Due to lack of smell the following disorders may be seen---
Anosmia : lack of ability to smell
Hyposmia- decreased ability to smell
Phantosmia- [“hallucinated smell”] often unpleasant in nature
Dysosmia- things smell differently than they should.
Hyperosmia- an abnormally acute sense of smell
Some times olfaction serve as marker for Perkinson’s diseases. Some illness can be diagnosed by their associated smell( e.g. acetone and diabetes). So smell therapy and clinical use of odour is an area for future.
Nervous system
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system. It describes the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes nerves. The brain is divided into the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. The cerebrum controls thought and movement. It is divided into four lobes with different functions. The cerebellum aids in movement coordination. The brain stem connects the brain to the spinal cord. The spinal cord runs through the vertebrae and gives rise to spinal nerves. Nerves transmit signals between the CNS and body.
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The document summarizes the anatomy and function of the human eye. It describes how light enters through the cornea and is focused on the retina by the lens. The retina contains photoreceptor cells called rods and cones that convert light into nerve impulses which are sent to the brain for processing and interpretation as vision. The iris controls the size of the pupil to regulate the amount of light entering the eye.
physiology of smell
The document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the olfactory system. It describes the main parts including the olfactory epithelium containing olfactory receptor cells that detect odors, as well as supporting and basal cells. It explains how odors bind to receptors and trigger signals to the olfactory bulb and various parts of the brain involved in smell perception and response, like the limbic system and orbitofrontal cortex. The olfactory system is divided into very old, less old, and newer parts associated with more primitive and learned odor responses.
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Sense of smell
The document summarizes key aspects of the sense of smell (olfaction). It discusses:
1) Smell and taste both use chemoreceptors and can differentiate a large range of chemicals, with smell able to detect more. They project to the cerebral cortex and limbic system, evoking strong emotions.
2) The olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity contains olfactory receptor cells that detect airborne chemicals dissolved in mucus. Supporting cells and glands produce mucus.
3) Signals from olfactory receptors travel along the olfactory nerve to the olfactory bulb and olfactory cortex for interpretation and integration with memory in the brain.
SENSE OF TASTE
This document discusses the physiology of taste. It begins by describing the site of taste, which are taste buds located on the tongue, palate, pharynx and upper esophagus. It then outlines the different types of papillae on the tongue that contain taste buds. Next, it explains the pathway that taste signals travel through, from first order neurons in cranial nerves to the taste cortex. Finally, it briefly discusses the four primary tastes of sweet, salty, sour and bitter, as well as abnormalities in taste sensation.
Anatomy of the ear
The ear has three main sections - the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear collects sound waves and directs them through the ear canal to the eardrum. Vibrations of the eardrum are transmitted by the ossicles to the cochlea of the inner ear. Inside the cochlea, vibrations stimulate hair cells which convert the mechanical energy into electrical signals sent to the brain for interpretation as sound.
The sense of smell
The sense of smell occurs through olfactory receptor cells located in the olfactory mucous membrane in the roof of the nasal cavity. Each olfactory receptor cell has multiple cilia exposed to inhaled air and mucus produced by Bowman's glands. When an odorant binds to a receptor, it triggers a signaling cascade that creates an action potential transmitted along the olfactory nerve to the olfactory bulbs. The olfactory bulbs contain synapses that transmit signals to other areas of the brain involved in processing smells. The sense of smell allows for detection of odorants at extremely low concentrations and discrimination of thousands of smells.
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Anatomy of olfactory system
The olfactory system contains three main cell types in the olfactory epithelium: basal, supporting, and olfactory receptor cells. Basal cells act as stem cells that generate olfactory receptor cells, which are bipolar neurons that detect smells. The olfactory receptors send signals along the olfactory nerve to the olfactory bulb and tract in the brain. Loss of smell, or olfactory dysfunction, can be conductive due to blockage or sensorineural involving receptor or central nervous system damage. Common causes include upper respiratory infections, head trauma, nasal/sinus issues, and sometimes idiopathic causes. Evaluation involves smell identification tests to assess the ability to perceive and identify odors.
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This document discusses the senses of smell (olfaction) and taste. It notes that smell and taste have a cooperative relationship, with odor contributing approximately 80% of what we perceive as flavor. The main points covered include:
- Smell and taste are classified as special senses along with sight, hearing, and balance
- The olfactory system includes receptors in the nose, olfactory bulbs, and pathways to the brain regions involved in emotion and behavior
- Pheromones influence behaviors through a vomeronasal system present in many animals
- Humans have a less developed sense of smell compared to most animals
- The olfactory epithelium regenerates sensory neurons throughout life but this capacity declines with age
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The document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the olfactory system. It describes the main parts including the olfactory epithelium containing olfactory receptor cells that detect odors, as well as supporting and basal cells. It explains how odors bind to receptors and trigger signals to the olfactory bulb and various parts of the brain involved in smell perception and response, like the limbic system and orbitofrontal cortex. The olfactory system is divided into very old, less old, and newer parts associated with more primitive and learned odor responses.
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The document summarizes key aspects of the sense of smell (olfaction). It discusses:
1) Smell and taste both use chemoreceptors and can differentiate a large range of chemicals, with smell able to detect more. They project to the cerebral cortex and limbic system, evoking strong emotions.
2) The olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity contains olfactory receptor cells that detect airborne chemicals dissolved in mucus. Supporting cells and glands produce mucus.
3) Signals from olfactory receptors travel along the olfactory nerve to the olfactory bulb and olfactory cortex for interpretation and integration with memory in the brain.
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This document discusses the physiology of taste. It begins by describing the site of taste, which are taste buds located on the tongue, palate, pharynx and upper esophagus. It then outlines the different types of papillae on the tongue that contain taste buds. Next, it explains the pathway that taste signals travel through, from first order neurons in cranial nerves to the taste cortex. Finally, it briefly discusses the four primary tastes of sweet, salty, sour and bitter, as well as abnormalities in taste sensation.
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The ear has three main sections - the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear collects sound waves and directs them through the ear canal to the eardrum. Vibrations of the eardrum are transmitted by the ossicles to the cochlea of the inner ear. Inside the cochlea, vibrations stimulate hair cells which convert the mechanical energy into electrical signals sent to the brain for interpretation as sound.
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The sense of smell occurs through olfactory receptor cells located in the olfactory mucous membrane in the roof of the nasal cavity. Each olfactory receptor cell has multiple cilia exposed to inhaled air and mucus produced by Bowman's glands. When an odorant binds to a receptor, it triggers a signaling cascade that creates an action potential transmitted along the olfactory nerve to the olfactory bulbs. The olfactory bulbs contain synapses that transmit signals to other areas of the brain involved in processing smells. The sense of smell allows for detection of odorants at extremely low concentrations and discrimination of thousands of smells.
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The olfactory system contains three main cell types in the olfactory epithelium: basal, supporting, and olfactory receptor cells. Basal cells act as stem cells that generate olfactory receptor cells, which are bipolar neurons that detect smells. The olfactory receptors send signals along the olfactory nerve to the olfactory bulb and tract in the brain. Loss of smell, or olfactory dysfunction, can be conductive due to blockage or sensorineural involving receptor or central nervous system damage. Common causes include upper respiratory infections, head trauma, nasal/sinus issues, and sometimes idiopathic causes. Evaluation involves smell identification tests to assess the ability to perceive and identify odors.
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This document discusses the senses of smell (olfaction) and taste. It notes that smell and taste have a cooperative relationship, with odor contributing approximately 80% of what we perceive as flavor. The main points covered include:
- Smell and taste are classified as special senses along with sight, hearing, and balance
- The olfactory system includes receptors in the nose, olfactory bulbs, and pathways to the brain regions involved in emotion and behavior
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The human brain is one of the most complicated objects in the universe. Although it weighs less than 3 pounds, it manages everything from our heart rates to our thoughts and feelings. The functions of the brain are varied, and include: thinking, perception (sensing), emotion, signaling, and many of our physical functions. Our cognition, feelings and behavior are all the result of our brains.
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This document contains notes from a lecture on the anatomy of the nose and tongue given by Dr. Laxman Khanal. It includes questions asked during the lecture and their answers related to the gross anatomy, embryology, vascular supply, and clinical correlations of the nose and tongue. Diagrams are provided to illustrate anatomical structures. Common abnormalities and diseases affecting the nose and tongue are also discussed.
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Comparision of brain in vertebrates
The vertebrate brain
The vertebrate brain is the main part of the central nervous system. The brain and the spinal cord make up the central nervous system,
In most of the vertebrates the brain is at the front, in the head. It is protected by the skull and close to the main sense organs.
Brains are extremely complex and the part of human and animal body. The brain controls the other organs of the body, either by activating muscles or by causing secretion of chemicals such as hormones and neurotransmitters.
Muscular action allows rapid and coordinated responses to changes in the environment.
The brain of an adult human weights about 1300–1400 grams .
In vertebrates, the spinal cord by itself can cause reflex responses as well as simple movement such as swimming or walking. However, sophisticated control of behaviour requires a centralized brain.
The structure of all vertebrate brains is basically the same.
At the same time, during the course of evolution, the vertebrate brain has undergone changes, and become more effective.
In so-called 'lower' animals, most or all of the brain structure is inherited, and therefore their behaviour is mostly instinctive.
In mammals, and especially in man, the brain is developed further during life by learning. This has the benefit of helping them fit better into their environment. The capacity to learn is seen best in the cerebral cortex.
Three principles
The brain and nervous system is essentially a system which makes connections. It has input from sense organs and output to muscles. It is connected in several ways with the endocrine system, which makes hormones, and the digestive system and sex system. Hormones work slowly, so those changes are gradual.
The brain is a kind of department store. It has, all inter-connected, departments which do different things. They all help each other gather senses.
Much of what the body does is not conscious. Basically, much of the body runs on automatic (breathing, heart beat, hungry, hair growth) adjusted by the autonomic nervous system. The brain, too, does much of its work without a person noticing it. The unconscious mind refers to the brain activities which are hardly ever noticed.
Structure and Functions of cerebrum
Thank you for the presentation. I have learned about the structure and functions of the cerebrum.
Structure of Brain.pptx
This ppt describes the structure of the Brain. It explains the brain and its parts as the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. It also describes various parts inside these 3 main parts of the brain.
THE-NERVOUS-SYSTEM.pdf
The document discusses the nervous system, which is made up of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system receives sensory information and controls responses through the brain and spinal cord. It is divided into the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. The peripheral nervous system connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body through nerves and is divided into the somatic and autonomic systems. Common nervous system diseases include Alzheimer's disease, which causes memory loss and cognitive decline, and epilepsy, which involves seizures.
Nervous system intro
The document provides an overview of the nervous system, including its basic functions of sensation, integration, and movement. It describes the main structures of the nervous system - the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and meninges. The brain is divided into the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. The cerebrum contains four lobes and is responsible for functions like thinking and movement. The document also discusses common nervous system diseases like meningitis and epilepsy.
sodapdf-converted.docx
The document summarizes the structure and function of the nervous system. It describes how neurons transmit electrical signals in response to stimuli, and how the brain is divided into the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. It explains the basic functions of the cerebrum, cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata. Muscle movement occurs when nerve impulses cause muscle proteins to change shape, shortening the muscle. Reflex actions help the body respond quickly through a reflex arc from receptor to effector organ.
Nervous system of fish; a detailed study
Diving into the Depths: Unraveling the Wonders of the Fish Nervous System
Beneath the sparkling surface of oceans and rivers unfolds a hidden world of silent ballet, electrifying signals, and exquisite sensory perception. Here, where sunlight fades into an emerald gloom, the fish nervous system reigns supreme, an invisible conductor orchestrating the lives of countless aquatic marvels. Unlike the grand orchestration of our own, their symphony plays out in a condensed score, yet resonates with complexity and wonder.
A Streamlined Masterpiece:
While mammals boast a three-part nervous system, the fish world operates on a streamlined architecture. Their central nervous system (CNS), nestled within the skull, combines processing power and communication lines into one streamlined unit. The brain, though smaller than ours, acts as the command center, analyzing sensory information and issuing instructions through a network of nerves that course through their slender bodies. The spinal cord, running along the back like a luminous highway, relays messages between brain and muscle, ensuring their every fin flick and twitch is precisely coordinated.
Sensing the Secrets of the Water:
Unbeholden to the limitations of terrestrial sight and sound, fish have honed their senses to excel in the aquatic realm. Their vision, often keen and adaptable, paints the underwater world in vivid hues, letting them track prey, navigate through coral reefs, and avoid lurking predators. Smell and taste take on amplified roles, with exquisite chemoreceptors detecting dissolved chemicals like a gourmet savoring the finest spices. They can sniff out food, sense danger, and even detect potential mates with a precision that puts our noses to shame.
But the water offers secrets beyond these familiar senses. The lateral line system, a series of sensory cells lining their bodies, acts like an underwater radar. By detecting subtle changes in water pressure, they sense approaching predators, navigate currents, and even communicate with each other in ways we can only dream of understanding. And for some, like the majestic sharks, the world hums with an electric symphony. Electroreception allows them to perceive the faintest electrical fields, aiding in hunting, guiding through murky waters, and even revealing the hidden emotions of their kin.
Masters of Movement:
Fish dance through the water with an effortless grace that belies the intricate calculations powering their every movement. The cerebellum, housed within the brain, acts as a master choreographer, fine-tuning muscle coordination for balance and smooth swimming. The optic tectum, a specialized area dedicated to vision, processes visual information with lightning speed, allowing them to track prey and avoid obstacles in the blink of an eye. Every fin beat, every twist and turn, is orchestrated by the symphony of nerves relaying signals from brain to muscle, translating thought into fluid motion.
control and coordination class 10 NCERT pdf notes
Here's a brief introduction to control and coordination class 10 science:
"Control and coordination are fundamental processes in living organisms that ensure proper functioning and response to stimuli. In simpler terms, control refers to the regulation of various activities within an organism, while coordination involves the harmonious integration of these activities. In humans and many other animals, control and coordination are primarily carried out by the nervous system and the endocrine system. The nervous system allows for rapid responses to stimuli through nerve impulses, while the endocrine system regulates physiological processes using chemical messengers called hormones. Together, these systems ensure that organisms can adapt to changes in their environment, maintain internal balance (homeostasis), and carry out essential functions for survival and well-being."
For more information, visit- www.vavaclasses.com
Similar to Parts And Functions of Human Brain (20)
Psych 101 - Introduction to Psychology - Lecture 3
Psych 101 - Introduction to Psychology - Lecture 3
Nervous system central nervous system peripheral nervous system
Nervous system central nervous system peripheral nervous system
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HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
Class 10 human eye notes physics
Handwritten best quality
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Alternate Wetting and Drying presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024. 快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
_Extraction of Ethylene oxide and 2-Chloroethanol from alternate matrices Li...
How do you know your food is safe?
Last Friday was world World Food Safety Day, facilitated by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) in which the slogan rightly says, 'food safety is everyone's business'. Due to this, I thought it would be worth sharing some data that I have worked on in this field!
Working at Markes International has really opened my eyes (and unfortunately my friends and family 🤣) to food safety and quality, especially with my recent application work on ethylene oxide and 2-chloroethanol residues in foodstuffs, as of the biggest global food recalls in history was and is still being implemented by the Rapid alert system for food and feed (RASFF) in 2021, for high levels of these carcinogenic compounds.
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆
Context. The early-type galaxy SDSS J133519.91+072807.4 (hereafter SDSS1335+0728), which had exhibited no prior optical variations during the preceding two decades, began showing significant nuclear variability in the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) alert stream from December 2019 (as ZTF19acnskyy). This variability behaviour, coupled with the host-galaxy properties, suggests that SDSS1335+0728 hosts a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole (BH) that is currently in the process of ‘turning on’. Aims. We present a multi-wavelength photometric analysis and spectroscopic follow-up performed with the aim of better understanding the origin of the nuclear variations detected in SDSS1335+0728. Methods. We used archival photometry (from WISE, 2MASS, SDSS, GALEX, eROSITA) and spectroscopic data (from SDSS and LAMOST) to study the state of SDSS1335+0728 prior to December 2019, and new observations from Swift, SOAR/Goodman, VLT/X-shooter, and Keck/LRIS taken after its turn-on to characterise its current state. We analysed the variability of SDSS1335+0728 in the X-ray/UV/optical/mid-infrared range, modelled its spectral energy distribution prior to and after December 2019, and studied the evolution of its UV/optical spectra. Results. From our multi-wavelength photometric analysis, we find that: (a) since 2021, the UV flux (from Swift/UVOT observations) is four times brighter than the flux reported by GALEX in 2004; (b) since June 2022, the mid-infrared flux has risen more than two times, and the W1−W2 WISE colour has become redder; and (c) since February 2024, the source has begun showing X-ray emission. From our spectroscopic follow-up, we see that (i) the narrow emission line ratios are now consistent with a more energetic ionising continuum; (ii) broad emission lines are not detected; and (iii) the [OIII] line increased its flux ∼ 3.6 years after the first ZTF alert, which implies a relatively compact narrow-line-emitting region. Conclusions. We conclude that the variations observed in SDSS1335+0728 could be either explained by a ∼ 106M⊙ AGN that is just turning on or by an exotic tidal disruption event (TDE). If the former is true, SDSS1335+0728 is one of the strongest cases of an AGNobserved in the process of activating. If the latter were found to be the case, it would correspond to the longest and faintest TDE ever observed (or another class of still unknown nuclear transient). Future observations of SDSS1335+0728 are crucial to further understand its behaviour. Key words. galaxies: active– accretion, accretion discs– galaxies: individual: SDSS J133519.91+072807.4
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Storagedeteriorationisanyformoflossinquantityandqualityofbio-materials.
Themajorcausesofdeteriorationinstorage
•Physical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Chemical
Storageonlypreservesquality.Itneverimprovesquality.
Itisadvisabletostartstoragewithqualityfoodproduct.Productwithinitialpoorqualityquicklydepreciates
Holsinger, Bruce W. - Music, body and desire in medieval culture [2001].pdf
Music and Medieval History
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Presentation given at the official farewell of Prof Ken Gillet at Wageningen on 13 June 2024
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...ABHISHEK SONI NIMT INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND PARAMEDCIAL SCIENCES , GOVT PG COLLEGE NOIDA
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
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HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
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Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
_Extraction of Ethylene oxide and 2-Chloroethanol from alternate matrices Li...
_Extraction of Ethylene oxide and 2-Chloroethanol from alternate matrices Li...
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Holsinger, Bruce W. - Music, body and desire in medieval culture [2001].pdf
Holsinger, Bruce W. - Music, body and desire in medieval culture [2001].pdf
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Parts And Functions of Human Brain
- 3. 3 Introduction The human brain is the biggest co-ordinating center of the human body and nervous system and is a highly complex organ. The brain is located close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell. It monitors and regulates the body's actions and reactions. It continuously receives sensory information, and rapidly analyzes this data and then responds, controlling bodily actions and functions. It contains roughly 15–33 billion neurons.
- 4. 4 STRUCTURESTRUCTURE The brains of vertebrates are made of veryThe brains of vertebrates are made of very soft tissue, with a texture that has beensoft tissue, with a texture that has been compared to jelly. Living brain tissue iscompared to jelly. Living brain tissue is pinkish on the outside and mostly white onpinkish on the outside and mostly white on the inside.The adult human brain weighsthe inside.The adult human brain weighs on average about 1.5kg.Vertebrate brainson average about 1.5kg.Vertebrate brains are surrounded by a system of 3 layers ofare surrounded by a system of 3 layers of connective tissue membranes calledconnective tissue membranes called meninges that separate the skull from themeninges that separate the skull from the brainbrain and between the meninges thereand between the meninges there contains a fliud called the cerebrospinalcontains a fliud called the cerebrospinal fluid which protects the brain fromfluid which protects the brain from mechanical shock.mechanical shock.
- 5. 55 CONSTITUENTS OF BRAIN Fore brain Mid brain Hind brain Cerebrum PonsMedulla OblongataCerebellumOlfactory lobes Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Temporal lobe Occipital lobe
- 6. 6 FUNCTIONSFUNCTIONS Each sensory system begins with specialized "sensory receptor" cells that are connectedEach sensory system begins with specialized "sensory receptor" cells that are connected to the brain with certain parts that are responsible for the stimuli or the working ofto the brain with certain parts that are responsible for the stimuli or the working of the body organs that are in contact with the brain. One of the primary functions ofthe body organs that are in contact with the brain. One of the primary functions of a brain is to extract biologically relevant information from sensory inputsa brain is to extract biologically relevant information from sensory inputs FUNCTIONS OF THE THREE REGIONS OF BRAINFUNCTIONS OF THE THREE REGIONS OF BRAIN:: FORE BRAIN-consists ofFORE BRAIN-consists of cerebrumcerebrum andand olfactory lobesolfactory lobes.. • CEREBRUMCEREBRUM is the largest part of the brain which dome shaped.Cerebrumis the largest part of the brain which dome shaped.Cerebrum consists of 2 equal hemispheres known as cerebral hemisphere which isconsists of 2 equal hemispheres known as cerebral hemisphere which is interconnected by nerve fibres called as corpus callosum.There are specificinterconnected by nerve fibres called as corpus callosum.There are specific regions in it for each kind of stimulus and response.regions in it for each kind of stimulus and response. 1.1. Frontal lobe-Frontal lobe- It is the true center for command and control in your body. TheIt is the true center for command and control in your body. The Frontal lobe is responsible for functions such as reasoning, problem solving,Frontal lobe is responsible for functions such as reasoning, problem solving, judgement, impulse control.judgement, impulse control. It is said to be the white house of the brain.It is said to be the white house of the brain. .. It alsoIt also manages our higher emotions,speech and muscular activities.manages our higher emotions,speech and muscular activities. 2.2. Parietal lobe-Parietal lobe- The Parietal Lobe is involved in processing pain ,touch sensation,The Parietal Lobe is involved in processing pain ,touch sensation, temperature,smell and taste.temperature,smell and taste. It's also associated calculation of location and speedIt's also associated calculation of location and speed of objects, movement and recognition of things.of objects, movement and recognition of things.
- 7. 7 3. Occipital lobe -The Occipital Lobe controls visual sensation and processing. 4. Temporal lobe -The Temporal Lobe is involved in auditory (sound). This lobe is also involved in emotion and memory . • OLFACTORY LOBES lie below the cerebrum. They contain olfactory receptors which are the organs of smell. MID BRAIN- connects the fore brain and hind brain and also controls the reflex movements. HIND BRAIN-consists of three centres which is further joined to the Spinal cord. 1) CEREBELLUM lies at the roof of the hind brain.It generates corrective signals to make movements more precise.It regulates and coordinates posture and balance. 2) MEDULLA OBLONGATA Helps control the body's autonomic functions like respiration, digestion,sneezing,coughing heart rate etc.. Also acts as a relay station for nerve signals going to/from the brain.
- 8. 8 3) PONS-It lies just above the medulla. Has roles in your level of arousal or conciousness and sleep. It also takes part in regulating respiration. ** SPINAL CORDSPINAL CORD ** Spinal cord completes the Central Nervous system by carrying information up to the brain and instructions back down through the reflex arc. This is the infomation superhighway of the body.It is cylindrical in structure that continues with the medulla oblongata and extends downwards .It is enclosed in vertebral column ***
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