Proteomics.pptx
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Proteomics is the study of the proteome, which is the complete set of proteins expressed by a genome or cell. It uses technologies like mass spectrometry and genetic analysis to study protein activities, modifications, localization, and interactions. Proteomic techniques can identify disease-related proteins and biomarkers for diagnosis before clinical symptoms appear. Two key proteomic techniques are gel electrophoresis, which separates proteins by charge and size, and mass spectrometry, which identifies proteins with high accuracy. Proteomics has applications in disease diagnosis, structural analysis, and functional studies of protein networks.
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Proteomics
Proteomics is the study of the proteome, which is the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome, cell, tissue or organism. This document discusses several techniques used in proteomics including 2D gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and protein databases. It provides examples of applications such as biomarker identification for disease diagnosis and drug target discovery. Limitations include the complexity of proteomes and no single technique being adequate for complete analysis. Overall, proteomics techniques help further our understanding of protein structure, function and interactions to gain insights into biological processes and diseases.
Proteomics
Proteomics aims to identify all proteins in a cell or organism, including post-translational modifications, localization, functions, and interactions. Understanding the proteome allows for protein characterization, identification of protein interactions, and disease biomarkers. The main types of proteomics are expression proteomics, which studies qualitative and quantitative protein expression under different conditions; structural proteomics, which determines protein structure; and functional proteomics, which elucidates protein functions and interactions. Proteomics provides information that cannot be obtained from genomics alone and benefits areas like protein expression studies, modifications, functions, and interactions.
Functional proteomics, and tools
INTRODUCTION HISTORY FUNCTIONAL PROTEOMICS PROTEOMICS SOFTWARE PROTEOME MAPPING TOOLS FOR PROTEOME ANALYSIS APPLICATIONS OF PROTEOMICS CONCLUSION REFERENCES
Proteomics
1. Proteomics is the study of proteomes, which are the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome.
2. Mass spectrometry combined with separation techniques like liquid chromatography are the main tools used in proteomics to identify and characterize proteins.
3. Modern proteomics utilizes multidimensional separation methods like multiple liquid chromatography columns or liquid chromatography coupled with capillary electrophoresis prior to mass spectrometry to better resolve complex protein mixtures.
Transcriptome analysis
Transcriptome analysis is the study of the set of all RNA molecules, including mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, and non-coding RNAs produced in a population of cells. The transcriptome can vary between different cell types, body parts, and environmental conditions. Transcriptomics aims to catalogue all transcript species and quantify changing expression levels during development and in different conditions. The two main techniques are DNA microarrays and RNA sequencing. Microarrays involve fluorescent labeling and hybridization of samples to probe arrays, while RNA sequencing replaces hybridization with sequencing of individual cDNAs produced from target RNA.
TMT Technique
TMT techniques allow for the quantification and identification of proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids from multiple samples simultaneously using mass spectrometry. TMT reagents label amino acid residues on biological molecules. During mass spectrometry, the unique mass of each TMT label allows for the differentiation of otherwise identical molecules from separate samples and the quantification of their relative abundances. Key advantages of TMT techniques include the ability to analyze up to 16 samples together in a single experiment while saving time compared to other quantification methods.
Proteomics
Proteomics is the study of the complete set of proteins expressed in an organism under particular conditions. It aims to understand protein expression in response to changing conditions like disease. Tools in proteomics include cell lysis, fractionation, protein concentration and quantification, digestion, and peptide cleanup prior to mass spectrometry analysis. Key techniques discussed are molecular techniques like SAGE, separation techniques like gel electrophoresis and chromatography, and protein identification techniques like mass spectrometry.
Comparative transcriptomics
It's a useful tool in genomics study. Some information are collected and simply described to give a easily understandable idea.
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Proteomics
Proteomics is the study of the proteome, which is the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome, cell, tissue or organism. This document discusses several techniques used in proteomics including 2D gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and protein databases. It provides examples of applications such as biomarker identification for disease diagnosis and drug target discovery. Limitations include the complexity of proteomes and no single technique being adequate for complete analysis. Overall, proteomics techniques help further our understanding of protein structure, function and interactions to gain insights into biological processes and diseases.
Proteomics
Proteomics aims to identify all proteins in a cell or organism, including post-translational modifications, localization, functions, and interactions. Understanding the proteome allows for protein characterization, identification of protein interactions, and disease biomarkers. The main types of proteomics are expression proteomics, which studies qualitative and quantitative protein expression under different conditions; structural proteomics, which determines protein structure; and functional proteomics, which elucidates protein functions and interactions. Proteomics provides information that cannot be obtained from genomics alone and benefits areas like protein expression studies, modifications, functions, and interactions.
Functional proteomics, and tools
INTRODUCTION HISTORY FUNCTIONAL PROTEOMICS PROTEOMICS SOFTWARE PROTEOME MAPPING TOOLS FOR PROTEOME ANALYSIS APPLICATIONS OF PROTEOMICS CONCLUSION REFERENCES
Proteomics
1. Proteomics is the study of proteomes, which are the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome.
2. Mass spectrometry combined with separation techniques like liquid chromatography are the main tools used in proteomics to identify and characterize proteins.
3. Modern proteomics utilizes multidimensional separation methods like multiple liquid chromatography columns or liquid chromatography coupled with capillary electrophoresis prior to mass spectrometry to better resolve complex protein mixtures.
Transcriptome analysis
Transcriptome analysis is the study of the set of all RNA molecules, including mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, and non-coding RNAs produced in a population of cells. The transcriptome can vary between different cell types, body parts, and environmental conditions. Transcriptomics aims to catalogue all transcript species and quantify changing expression levels during development and in different conditions. The two main techniques are DNA microarrays and RNA sequencing. Microarrays involve fluorescent labeling and hybridization of samples to probe arrays, while RNA sequencing replaces hybridization with sequencing of individual cDNAs produced from target RNA.
TMT Technique
TMT techniques allow for the quantification and identification of proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids from multiple samples simultaneously using mass spectrometry. TMT reagents label amino acid residues on biological molecules. During mass spectrometry, the unique mass of each TMT label allows for the differentiation of otherwise identical molecules from separate samples and the quantification of their relative abundances. Key advantages of TMT techniques include the ability to analyze up to 16 samples together in a single experiment while saving time compared to other quantification methods.
Proteomics
Proteomics is the study of the complete set of proteins expressed in an organism under particular conditions. It aims to understand protein expression in response to changing conditions like disease. Tools in proteomics include cell lysis, fractionation, protein concentration and quantification, digestion, and peptide cleanup prior to mass spectrometry analysis. Key techniques discussed are molecular techniques like SAGE, separation techniques like gel electrophoresis and chromatography, and protein identification techniques like mass spectrometry.
Comparative transcriptomics
It's a useful tool in genomics study. Some information are collected and simply described to give a easily understandable idea.
Structural genomics
Structural genomics aims to sequence and map genomes. Genetic maps show relative gene locations based on recombination rates, while physical maps show direct DNA distances. Genetic maps have low resolution and may differ from physical distances. Physical maps use techniques like restriction mapping and sequencing to order DNA fragments. Sequencing entire genomes requires breaking DNA into small fragments that are then reassembled using overlap or genetic/physical maps. The human genome was first sequenced in 2000 using both map-based and whole genome shotgun approaches. Single nucleotide polymorphisms are also studied to compare individuals.
New proteomics
The document discusses proteomics, which is the study of the entire complement of proteins in a cell or organism. It defines key proteomics terms like proteome and describes techniques used in proteomics like protein separation, 2D gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and protein digestion. The goals of proteomics include detecting and comparing protein expression profiles to understand biological processes and discover drug targets. Proteomics provides important insights not available through genomics alone.
Genomics, Transcriptomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics - Basic concepts for clin...
This set of slides gives an overview regarding the various omics technologies available and how they can be used for improvement in clinical setting or research
Protein identification - peptide mass fingerprinting
Peptide mass fingerprinting is a technology to identify proteins. It is a high throughput protein identification technique in which the mass of an unknown protein can be determined. PMF is always performed with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry
protein microarray
Protein microarrays are high-throughput methods that allow researchers to study protein interactions and functions on a large scale. There are three main types of protein microarrays: analytical microarrays use antibodies to detect specific proteins in samples; functional microarrays examine protein-protein and other molecular interactions; and reverse-phase protein microarrays profile protein expression levels and post-translational modifications by immobilizing cell or tissue lysates. Protein microarrays have applications in diagnostics, proteomics, studying protein functions, and analyzing antibodies.
Transcriptomics
Transcriptomics is the study of RNA in cells and tissues. The transcriptome refers to the complete set of transcripts in a cell under a specific condition. Understanding the transcriptome reveals the functional elements of the genome and molecular constituents of cells. Techniques for studying the transcriptome include microarray analysis and RNA sequencing. Microarrays measure gene expression levels using fluorescently-labeled cDNA hybridized to probes on an array. RNA sequencing determines expression levels by sequencing individual cDNAs produced from target RNA. Transcriptomics provides insights into development, disease, and varying gene expression under different environmental conditions.
Proteomics
The document discusses the field of proteomics, which is the large-scale study of proteins, including their functions and structures. It defines proteomics and describes several areas within it, such as functional proteomics, expressional proteomics, and structural proteomics. It outlines typical proteomics experiments and some key methods used, including two-dimensional electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and protein-protein interaction prediction methods like phylogenetic profiling.
Structural genomics
Structural genomics aims to determine the 3D structure of all proteins in a genome. It uses high-throughput methods like X-ray crystallography and NMR on a genomic scale. This allows determination of protein structures for entire proteomes. It provides insights into protein function and can aid drug discovery by identifying potential drug targets like in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Structural genomics leverages completed genome sequences to clone and express all encoded proteins for structural characterization.
Lecture 2
1. Genetic linkage maps show the relative locations of DNA markers along chromosomes, while physical maps show the exact positions of genes and sequences.
2. Major methods for genetic mapping are RFLPs, microsatellites, and SNPs, while physical mapping uses restriction fingerprinting, chromosome walking, STS mapping, and FISH.
3. Gene mapping is useful for locating gene positions, estimating genetic risk, and has aided in fully sequencing genomes like yeast, worms, flies, mice, and humans.
Rna seq and chip seq
This document provides an overview of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq). It describes that RNA-Seq is used to profile transcriptomes and determine gene expression levels, while ChIP-Seq identifies the binding sites of DNA-associated proteins. The key steps of RNA-Seq are RNA preparation, library preparation, sequencing, and analysis to map reads, detect isoforms and expression levels. ChIP-Seq combines chromatin immunoprecipitation with sequencing to precisely map global binding sites of proteins of interest to understand gene regulation. Both techniques provide high-quality, genome-wide data with low input requirements compared to previous methods.
Genomics types
Genomics types
1. Functional genomics
2. Structural genomics
3. Comparative genomics
Tools used in Genomics studies
Genome of E.coli
100 minutes genome map of E.coli
STRUCTURAL GENOMICS, FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS, COMPARATIVE GENOMICS
Structural genomics is a field that aims to determine the 3D structures of all proteins encoded by a genome. It involves determining structures on a large scale using techniques like X-ray crystallography and NMR. This allows identification of novel protein folds and potential drug targets. Comparative genomics compares genomic features between organisms and provides insights into evolution and conserved sequences and functions. It is a key tool in fields like medicine and agriculture.
Proteomics and protein-protein interaction
This document provides an overview of proteomics and protein-protein interactions. It begins with an introduction to proteomics, including its history and importance. It then discusses protein structure, including the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels. The document outlines different types of proteomics, such as expression, structural, and functional proteomics. It also describes the various steps involved in proteome analysis, including sample preparation, separation, identification, and use of databases. The document discusses techniques for studying protein-protein interactions and provides examples like co-immunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid screening. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the key concepts and methods in the field of proteomics.
A Brief Introduction to Metabolomics
Metabolites have various functions, including fuel, structure, signaling, stimulatory and inhibitory effects on enzymes, catalytic activity of their own (usually as a cofactor to an enzyme), defense, and interactions with other organisms (e.g. pigments, odorants, and pheromones).
Metabolome refers to the complete set of chemical compounds involved in an organism's metabolism (such as metabolic intermediates, hormones and other signaling molecules, and secondary metabolites)
Metabolomics is the scientific study of chemical processes involving metabolites. Metabolomics is a relatively new member to the ā-omicsā family of systems biology technologies.
Transcriptome analysis
The document provides an overview of the history and techniques of transcriptome analysis. It discusses how RNA was separated from DNA with the formulation of the central dogma in 1958. Key developments include the discoveries of messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA in the 1960s. The document outlines techniques such as serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) that allow comprehensive analysis of gene expression patterns. It provides details on the basic steps and advantages of SAGE and describes how next generation sequencing revolutionized transcriptome analysis through massive parallel sequencing.
Proteomics
The document discusses the field of proteomics, which involves the systematic analysis of proteins in cells under various conditions. It defines key terms like proteome and describes technologies used in proteomics like mass spectrometry, protein separation techniques, and protein analysis methods. The document also outlines several applications of proteomics in medicine, such as in diagnosing and studying diseases like diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as its use in analyzing changes that occur during the aging process.
Analysis of gene expression
Gene expression can be analyzed by determining mRNA levels and analyzing proteins. mRNA levels are usually determined by hybridizing probes to mRNA or cDNA, as in Northern blots which separate mRNA by size, or microarrays which analyze thousands of genes simultaneously. Protein analysis includes ELISA and Western blots to detect specific proteins, and proteomics uses techniques like gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to study the entire proteome.
Comparative genomics
This document discusses key concepts in comparative genomics including orthologs, paralogs, speciation, and clusters of orthologous genes (COGs). It defines orthologs as genes evolved from a common ancestor through speciation that retain the same function, while paralogs are related through duplication and may evolve new functions. COGs are groups of orthologous genes from different species that are more similar to each other than to other genes within individual genomes. The document notes that COGs can be used to predict gene function and track evolutionary divergence. It provides an example of the NCBI COG database containing over 136,000 proteins from 50 bacteria, 13 archaea and 3 eukaryotes classified into CO
Techniques in proteomics
Proteomics uses techniques from molecular biology, biochemistry, and genetics to analyze proteins produced by genes. Mass spectrometry is commonly used in proteomics to identify proteins. Techniques like isotope-coded affinity tags (ICAT) allow comparative analysis of protein expression between samples by labeling proteins with stable isotopes before mass spectrometry analysis. ICAT involves labeling cysteine-containing peptides from two samples with either light or heavy isotopic reagents, mixing the samples, then using mass spectrometry to quantify differences in protein expression between the original samples based on mass shifts between labeled peptides.
Metabolomics
METABOLOMICS is the systematic study of the small molecular metabolites in a cell, tissue, biofluid, or cell culture media that are the tangible result of cellular processes or responses to an environmental stress.
proteomics
proteomics introduction
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protein structure
procedure of proteomics
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Proteomics, techniques, applications.pdf
Introduction to proteomics, techniques to study proteomics such as protein electrophoresis, chromatography and mass spectrometry and protein database analysis, case studies derived from scientific literature including comparisons between healthy and diseased tissues, new approaches to analyse metabolic pathways, comprehensive analysis of protein-protein interactions in different cell types.
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Structural genomics
Structural genomics aims to sequence and map genomes. Genetic maps show relative gene locations based on recombination rates, while physical maps show direct DNA distances. Genetic maps have low resolution and may differ from physical distances. Physical maps use techniques like restriction mapping and sequencing to order DNA fragments. Sequencing entire genomes requires breaking DNA into small fragments that are then reassembled using overlap or genetic/physical maps. The human genome was first sequenced in 2000 using both map-based and whole genome shotgun approaches. Single nucleotide polymorphisms are also studied to compare individuals.
New proteomics
The document discusses proteomics, which is the study of the entire complement of proteins in a cell or organism. It defines key proteomics terms like proteome and describes techniques used in proteomics like protein separation, 2D gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and protein digestion. The goals of proteomics include detecting and comparing protein expression profiles to understand biological processes and discover drug targets. Proteomics provides important insights not available through genomics alone.
Genomics, Transcriptomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics - Basic concepts for clin...
This set of slides gives an overview regarding the various omics technologies available and how they can be used for improvement in clinical setting or research
Protein identification - peptide mass fingerprinting
Peptide mass fingerprinting is a technology to identify proteins. It is a high throughput protein identification technique in which the mass of an unknown protein can be determined. PMF is always performed with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry
protein microarray
Protein microarrays are high-throughput methods that allow researchers to study protein interactions and functions on a large scale. There are three main types of protein microarrays: analytical microarrays use antibodies to detect specific proteins in samples; functional microarrays examine protein-protein and other molecular interactions; and reverse-phase protein microarrays profile protein expression levels and post-translational modifications by immobilizing cell or tissue lysates. Protein microarrays have applications in diagnostics, proteomics, studying protein functions, and analyzing antibodies.
Transcriptomics
Transcriptomics is the study of RNA in cells and tissues. The transcriptome refers to the complete set of transcripts in a cell under a specific condition. Understanding the transcriptome reveals the functional elements of the genome and molecular constituents of cells. Techniques for studying the transcriptome include microarray analysis and RNA sequencing. Microarrays measure gene expression levels using fluorescently-labeled cDNA hybridized to probes on an array. RNA sequencing determines expression levels by sequencing individual cDNAs produced from target RNA. Transcriptomics provides insights into development, disease, and varying gene expression under different environmental conditions.
Proteomics
The document discusses the field of proteomics, which is the large-scale study of proteins, including their functions and structures. It defines proteomics and describes several areas within it, such as functional proteomics, expressional proteomics, and structural proteomics. It outlines typical proteomics experiments and some key methods used, including two-dimensional electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and protein-protein interaction prediction methods like phylogenetic profiling.
Structural genomics
Structural genomics aims to determine the 3D structure of all proteins in a genome. It uses high-throughput methods like X-ray crystallography and NMR on a genomic scale. This allows determination of protein structures for entire proteomes. It provides insights into protein function and can aid drug discovery by identifying potential drug targets like in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Structural genomics leverages completed genome sequences to clone and express all encoded proteins for structural characterization.
Lecture 2
1. Genetic linkage maps show the relative locations of DNA markers along chromosomes, while physical maps show the exact positions of genes and sequences.
2. Major methods for genetic mapping are RFLPs, microsatellites, and SNPs, while physical mapping uses restriction fingerprinting, chromosome walking, STS mapping, and FISH.
3. Gene mapping is useful for locating gene positions, estimating genetic risk, and has aided in fully sequencing genomes like yeast, worms, flies, mice, and humans.
Rna seq and chip seq
This document provides an overview of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq). It describes that RNA-Seq is used to profile transcriptomes and determine gene expression levels, while ChIP-Seq identifies the binding sites of DNA-associated proteins. The key steps of RNA-Seq are RNA preparation, library preparation, sequencing, and analysis to map reads, detect isoforms and expression levels. ChIP-Seq combines chromatin immunoprecipitation with sequencing to precisely map global binding sites of proteins of interest to understand gene regulation. Both techniques provide high-quality, genome-wide data with low input requirements compared to previous methods.
Genomics types
Genomics types
1. Functional genomics
2. Structural genomics
3. Comparative genomics
Tools used in Genomics studies
Genome of E.coli
100 minutes genome map of E.coli
STRUCTURAL GENOMICS, FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS, COMPARATIVE GENOMICS
Structural genomics is a field that aims to determine the 3D structures of all proteins encoded by a genome. It involves determining structures on a large scale using techniques like X-ray crystallography and NMR. This allows identification of novel protein folds and potential drug targets. Comparative genomics compares genomic features between organisms and provides insights into evolution and conserved sequences and functions. It is a key tool in fields like medicine and agriculture.
Proteomics and protein-protein interaction
This document provides an overview of proteomics and protein-protein interactions. It begins with an introduction to proteomics, including its history and importance. It then discusses protein structure, including the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels. The document outlines different types of proteomics, such as expression, structural, and functional proteomics. It also describes the various steps involved in proteome analysis, including sample preparation, separation, identification, and use of databases. The document discusses techniques for studying protein-protein interactions and provides examples like co-immunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid screening. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the key concepts and methods in the field of proteomics.
A Brief Introduction to Metabolomics
Metabolites have various functions, including fuel, structure, signaling, stimulatory and inhibitory effects on enzymes, catalytic activity of their own (usually as a cofactor to an enzyme), defense, and interactions with other organisms (e.g. pigments, odorants, and pheromones).
Metabolome refers to the complete set of chemical compounds involved in an organism's metabolism (such as metabolic intermediates, hormones and other signaling molecules, and secondary metabolites)
Metabolomics is the scientific study of chemical processes involving metabolites. Metabolomics is a relatively new member to the ā-omicsā family of systems biology technologies.
Transcriptome analysis
The document provides an overview of the history and techniques of transcriptome analysis. It discusses how RNA was separated from DNA with the formulation of the central dogma in 1958. Key developments include the discoveries of messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA in the 1960s. The document outlines techniques such as serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) that allow comprehensive analysis of gene expression patterns. It provides details on the basic steps and advantages of SAGE and describes how next generation sequencing revolutionized transcriptome analysis through massive parallel sequencing.
Proteomics
The document discusses the field of proteomics, which involves the systematic analysis of proteins in cells under various conditions. It defines key terms like proteome and describes technologies used in proteomics like mass spectrometry, protein separation techniques, and protein analysis methods. The document also outlines several applications of proteomics in medicine, such as in diagnosing and studying diseases like diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as its use in analyzing changes that occur during the aging process.
Analysis of gene expression
Gene expression can be analyzed by determining mRNA levels and analyzing proteins. mRNA levels are usually determined by hybridizing probes to mRNA or cDNA, as in Northern blots which separate mRNA by size, or microarrays which analyze thousands of genes simultaneously. Protein analysis includes ELISA and Western blots to detect specific proteins, and proteomics uses techniques like gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to study the entire proteome.
Comparative genomics
This document discusses key concepts in comparative genomics including orthologs, paralogs, speciation, and clusters of orthologous genes (COGs). It defines orthologs as genes evolved from a common ancestor through speciation that retain the same function, while paralogs are related through duplication and may evolve new functions. COGs are groups of orthologous genes from different species that are more similar to each other than to other genes within individual genomes. The document notes that COGs can be used to predict gene function and track evolutionary divergence. It provides an example of the NCBI COG database containing over 136,000 proteins from 50 bacteria, 13 archaea and 3 eukaryotes classified into CO
Techniques in proteomics
Proteomics uses techniques from molecular biology, biochemistry, and genetics to analyze proteins produced by genes. Mass spectrometry is commonly used in proteomics to identify proteins. Techniques like isotope-coded affinity tags (ICAT) allow comparative analysis of protein expression between samples by labeling proteins with stable isotopes before mass spectrometry analysis. ICAT involves labeling cysteine-containing peptides from two samples with either light or heavy isotopic reagents, mixing the samples, then using mass spectrometry to quantify differences in protein expression between the original samples based on mass shifts between labeled peptides.
Metabolomics
METABOLOMICS is the systematic study of the small molecular metabolites in a cell, tissue, biofluid, or cell culture media that are the tangible result of cellular processes or responses to an environmental stress.
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proteomics
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Proteomics, techniques, applications.pdf
Introduction to proteomics, techniques to study proteomics such as protein electrophoresis, chromatography and mass spectrometry and protein database analysis, case studies derived from scientific literature including comparisons between healthy and diseased tissues, new approaches to analyse metabolic pathways, comprehensive analysis of protein-protein interactions in different cell types.
Proteomics
Proteomics and its applications
Proteomics involves the analysis of the entire complement of proteins in a cell, tissue or organism. It assesses protein activities, modifications, localization and interactions. Proteomics uses techniques like gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography to separate and identify proteins. These techniques can be applied to discover disease biomarkers, develop diagnostic tools, and gain insights into disease pathogenesis and treatment. Proteomics has applications in studying various diseases including cancer, diabetes and infections. It provides insights into cellular processes and systems biology.
Proteomic and metabolomic
This document summarizes proteomics and metabolomics techniques for mapping biochemical regulations. It discusses how proteomics uses techniques like gel electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry to separate and identify proteins on a large scale. Metabolomics similarly aims to analyze all metabolites in a biological system using techniques like fingerprinting, profiling, and integrating with other omics data. Together, proteomics and metabolomics provide multiple levels of insight into cellular processes by examining changes in gene expression, protein abundance, and metabolic activity.
Proteomics, definatio , general concept, signficance
INTRODUCTION
GENERAL CONCEPT
WHY PROTEIOMIC NECESERY?
WHAT PROTEOMIC CAN ANSWER?
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MASS SPECTROMETERS
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APPLICATIONS
CHALLENGES
CONCLUSIONS
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This document provides information on genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. It discusses that genomics is the study of genomes through sequencing and analysis. It involves various types of genomics like structural, functional, and comparative genomics. Proteomics is the large-scale study of the structure and function of proteins in organisms. Key proteomics methods include antibody detection and mass spectrometry. Metabolomics is the study of small molecule metabolites within cells and biofluids, which make up the metabolome. These "omics" fields provide insights into cellular processes and are applied in areas like disease diagnosis and drug development.
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Proteome is a set of proteins produced in an organism, system, or biological context or entire set of proteins that is, or can be, expressed by a genome, cell, tissue, or organism at a certain expressed time in a given set of condition. Proteomics is the study of all the proteins produced by a cell.
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The document discusses proteomics, which is the large-scale study of proteins, including their structure, function, and interactions. Proteomics uses techniques like two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to separate and identify the full complement of proteins in a cell or organism. Applications of proteomics include studying tumor metastasis, diagnosing renal disease, researching neurology and diabetes, developing new drugs, and advancing nutrition research. Proteomics is a powerful approach that provides insights into biological pathways and disease mechanisms.
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Proteomics techniques such as gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry are used to separate and identify proteins. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis separates proteins by size and charge, while MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry relies on mass spectrometry to analyze proteins and peptides. Protein-protein interactions can be studied using techniques like yeast two-hybrid systems and co-immunoprecipitation. Databases such as UniProt, PDB, and KEGG provide information on protein sequences, structures, and pathways.
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A genome is an organismās complete set of DNA or complete genetic makeup, The entire DNA complement. It describes the identity and the sequence of genes of an organism.
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Techniques in proteomics
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This document discusses the role of genomics and proteomics in drug discovery and development. It explains that genomics and proteomics technologies can help identify new drug targets by comparing gene and protein expression between healthy and diseased cells. Proteomics in particular analyzes changes in protein levels and can quantify individual proteins using techniques like 2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The integration of genomics and proteomics provides a more comprehensive understanding of biological systems and is improving the drug discovery process.
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- 2. PROTEOMICS ā¢ PRESENTED BY ā¢ HINA YASMEEN ā¢ ROLL#19011506-060 ā¢ PRESENTED TO ā¢ DR.KHIZAR HAYAT BHATTI
- 4. ā¦ Proteome defines the complete set of proteins expressed during a cellās entire lifetime. ā¦ Proteomics is the study of the proteome; it uses technologies ranging from genetic analysis to mass spectrometry. ā¦ Proteomics assesses activities, modifications, localization, and interactions of proteins in complexes.
- 5. ļ GENOMICS TRANSCRIPTOMICS PROTEOMICS
- 6. ā¦ Proteome indicates the total proteins expressed by a genome in a cell or tissue. ā¦ Biomarkers detection might allow identification of patients who would benefit from further evaluation. ā¦ With the development of proteomic techniques, proteome analysis provides a fast, non-invasive diagnostic tool for patients with various diseases. ā¦ The advent of highly sensitive proteomic technologies can identify proteins associated with development of diseases well before any clinically identifiable alteration. ā¦ MS has a high resolving power and identifies proteins with more accuracy.
- 7. 1. Structural Proteomics:- The ultimate aim of this proteomics is to build a body of structural information that will help predict the probable structure and potential function for almost any protein from knowledge of its coding sequence. 2. Functional proteomics:- It refers to the use of proteomics techniques to analyze the characteristics of molecular protein-networks involved in a living cell. 3. Expression proteomics:- It refers to the quantitative study of protein expression between sample differing by some variable.
- 8. ā«Separation of proteins One dimentional electrophoressis 2 D electrophossis(modern) Multi-dimensional HPLC (modern) ā«Analysis of proteins Mass Spectrometry (modern) ā«Database utilization
- 9. 1. Sample collection, handling and storage. 2. Separation of individual proteins by 2-D electrophoresis. 3. Protein characterization. 4. Identification by mass spectrometry or other methods. 5. Storage, manipulation, and comparison of the data using bioinformatics.
- 10. ā¦ The large-scale analysis of protein ā¦ Protein structural comparisons can help to identify the function of newly discovered genes ā¦ X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy.
- 11. ā¦ 1 one ā Dimensional SDS-PAGE ā¦ 2 Two- Dimensional SDS-PAGE ā¦ What is SDS-PAGE? ā SDS-PAGE a type of gel electrophoresis. ā¦ What is the purpose of doing gel electrophoresis? ā It has been seen that by running a gel we are able to identify more proteins from the sample. ā¦ An electric current is applied across the gel, causing proteins will differentially migrate based on their molecular mass.
- 13. ā¦ 2-D gel electrophoresis a method for the separation and identification of proteins in a sample by displacement in 2 dimensions. ā¦ First step is to separate based on charge or isoelectric point, called isoelectric focusing. ā¦ Then separate based on size (SDS-PAGE).
- 15. Application of Proteomics ā¦ Protein sample identification/ confirmation. ā¦ Protein sample purity determination. ā¦ Detection of post-translational modifications ā¦ Detection of amino acids substitution. ā¦ Mass fingerprint identification of proteins. ā¦ Nutrition Research ā¦ To identify unknown protein of intrest. ā¦ Quantify protein and peptide. ā¦ Protein Biomarker.