Proteomics aims to identify all proteins in a cell or organism, including post-translational modifications, localization, functions, and interactions. Understanding the proteome allows for protein characterization, identification of protein interactions, and disease biomarkers. The main types of proteomics are expression proteomics, which studies qualitative and quantitative protein expression under different conditions; structural proteomics, which determines protein structure; and functional proteomics, which elucidates protein functions and interactions. Proteomics provides information that cannot be obtained from genomics alone and benefits areas like protein expression studies, modifications, functions, and interactions.

1.  Submitted By: Mohit
M.Pharm(Pharmacology)
 Submitted to :Dr. Govind Singh
(Associate Professor)
Dept. of Pharmaceutical
science,MDU,Rohtak

2. PROTEIN GENOMICS
PROTEO
MICS

3. INTRODUCTION
Proteomics aims to identify all the proteins in a
cell or organism including any post
translationally modified forms, as well as their
cellular localization, functions, and interactions
 Understanding the proteome allows for:
 Characterisation of proteins
 Understanding protein interactions
 Identification of disease biomarkers

4. BIOMARKER
• Biomarkers are biological indicators of a disease.
• They are useful both for diagnosis, prognosis and
response to therapy.

6. Proteome Mining
Identifying as many as
possible of the proteins in
your sample
Protein Expression Profiling
Identification of proteins in a particular
sample as a function of a particular
state of the organism or cell
Functional
proteomics
Post-translational
modifications
Identifying how and
where the proteins are
modified
Protein-protein
interactions Protein-
network mapping
Determining how the
proteins interact with
each other in living
systems
Structural
Proteomics
Protein quantitation
or differential
analysis
PROTEOMICS APPLICATIONS

7. TYPES OF PROTEOMICS
Expression proteomics
Structural proteomics
Functional proteomics

8. EXPRESSION PROTEOMICS
 Expression proteomics is used to study the qualitative
and quantitative expression of total proteins under two
different conditions.
 Normal and diseased state.
 E.g : tumor or norml cell.
 It studied that protein is over expressed or under
expressed.
 2-D electrophorasis.

9. STRUCTURAL PROTEOMICS
 Structural proteomics helps to understand three
dimensional shape and structural complexities of
functional proteins.
 It determine either by amino acid sequence in protein or
from a gene this process is known as homology
modeling.
 It identify all the protein present in complex system or
protein-protein interaction.
 Mass spectroscopy is used for structure determination.

10. FUNCTIONAL PROTEOMICS
 Functional proteomics explains understanding
the protein functions as well as unrevealing
molecular mechanisms within the cell that
depend on the identification of the interacting
protein partners.
 So that detailed description of the cellular
signalling pathways might greatly benefit from
the elucidation of protein- protein interactions

11. WHY PROTEOMICS?
 Many types of information cannot be obtained
from the study of genes alone. For example,
proteins, not genes, are responsible for the
phenotypes of cells. It is impossible to elucidate
mechanisms of disease, aging, and effects of the
environment solely by studying the genome.

13. TECHNIQUES INVOLVED IN SEPARATIONS
 2-DGE (two-dimensional gel electrophoresis)
 MudPIT (multidimensional protein identification
technology)
 Protein chips
 2-Hybrid systems
 ICAT (isotope-coded affinity tagging)
 ABPs (activity-based probe)

15. 2-D ELECTROPHORESIS WORKFLOW
CHART
Sample preparation
First Dimensional separation
Second Dimensional separation-
Based on Molecular Weight
Detection

16. Detection
Image
acquisition and
analysis
Protein Excision,
Digestion and
Identification

22. ADVANTAGES OF PROTEOMICS
o Protein expression studies
 Protein modifications
 Protein function
 Protein localization and compartmentalization
 Protein-protein interactions
 Protein expression proteomics
 Structural proteomics
 Functional proteomics

23. POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS
Modification RESIDUE ROLE
CLEAVAGE
VARIOUS Activation of proenzymes and precursors
GLYCOSYLATION SER,THR Molecular targeting, cell-cell recognition etc
PHOSPHORYLATION SER,THR,T
YR
Control metabolic processes & signalling
HYDROXYLATION PRO,LYS Increase H-bonding & glycosylation sites
METHYLATION LYS Alter charge & weaken interactions with
DNA
ACETYLATION LYS Alter interactions with other molecules
CARBOXYLATION GLU,LYS More negative charge, e.g. to bind Ca
TRANSAMIDATION GLU Formation of crosslinks in fibrin

24. LIMITATIONS OF PROTEOMICS
 Broad study of cellular proteins
 Detailed analysis are required
 Various technologies that helps to figure out complete
functionalities of every protein.
 The level of transcription gives a rough estimation of
translation.
 Proteins experience post transcriptional modifications.
 Many transcripts give rise to more than one protein.
 It is a manual and prolonged procedure
 Do not permit analysis at single cell level.