chem

1. CLASSIFICATION OF CYNOBACTERIA
Presented by Group 5
SAMIA YOUSAF 19011506-009
MOAZMA KHALID 19011506-015
MISHAASHFAQ 19011506-023
SHAFAQ IFTIKHAR 19011506-053
ALLAH NAWAZ 1901150-073
TANIA IJAZ 19011506-087
MARYAM BUKHARI 17841506-003
Presented to
Dr. MUHAMMAD AKBAR
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2. Order Stigonematales
Introduction
Order Chroococcales
Order Pleurocapsales
Oscillatoriales
Pleurocapsales
Nostocales
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3. Introduction
Also referred to as blue-green algae and blue-green bacteria, cyanobacteria is a bacteria
phylum that obtain their energy through a process known as photosynthesis. Because
they require the basic environmental conditions, this bacteria can be found in a variety
of environments ranging from marine to terrestrial habitats.
Cyanobacteria is also composed of a wide variety of bacteria species of different shapes
are sizes that can be found in different habitats in the environment. These are spread
across the 150 genera that have been identified so far and play various important roles in
nature.
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4. Example
Anabaena circinalis Microcystis aeruginosa
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6. Classification
In 1985, the proposed classification of cyanobacteria took into account the
Bacteriological factor. The proposal identified four Orders of the bacteria
which included Chroococcales, Nostocales, Oscillatoriales and
Stigonematales. Other orders of the phylum that have been discovered
include Chroococcales, Gloeobacterales, and Pleurocapsales. The bacteria
also falls under Kingdom Monera and Division Eubacteria.
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7. Orders
Chroococcales
Gloeobacterales
Pleurocapsales
Oscillatoriales
Nostocales
Stigonematales
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8. Chroococcales
This Order is composed of two main families. (Chroococcaceae and
Entophysalidaceae).
 Species in these classes are coccoid or rod-shaped . Some of the other
characteristics among these organisms include the fact that they reproduce
through binary fission.
 They can create colonies to form dense masses that can be seen on such
surfaces as moist rocks.
Spherical, ovoid or cylindrical cell shape structure.
They may occur singly following cell division.
As they mature, they aggregate to form colonies that are held together by a
slimy matrix.
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9. Aphanocapsa
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10. Pleurocapsales
Some of the unifying characteristics of Order Pleurocapsales are that:
They all reproduce through multiple fission in addition to releasing
endospores.
 Compared to other organisms this is the main distinguishing factor. The
enlargement of the spores is followed by additional binary fission to produce a
mass of vegetative cells.
The order is also composed of a wide range of organisms that can be found in
an array of habitats ranging from terrestrial and marine environmentsThey can
also produce pseudo-filaments that can reproduce through baeocytes.
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11. Members of Order Pleurocapsales include:
Chroococcidiopsis Pleurocapsa
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12. Oscillatoriales
The Order Oscillatoriales largely composed of filamentous cyanobacteria .
Members of this group lack true branching, akinetes and heterocysts.
Members of this Order can be found in a variety of environments from fresh water
and saline water bodies to terrestrial habitats.
Some of the other traits of this Order include:
Tend to form multicellular elongated structures that is filamentous body.
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13. Members of Oscillatoriales
Phormidium
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14. Nostocales
Like Stigonematales, members of order Nostocales have heterogenus cellular
composition in their trichomes.
 The vegetative cells in this order are also divided into heterocysts that have a
thick hyaline protoplast and are involved in nitrogen fixation as well as akinetes
that have in place thick cell walls that allow them to survive when conditions
are unfavourable.
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15. Some Important Member
Anabaena Nostoc
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16. Stigonematales
Members of Order Stigonematales share several similar traits to those of order
Nostocales.
These include such traits as trichomes with heterogeneous cellular composition as
well as heterocysts and akinetes vegetative cells.
Some of the other traits associated with the order Stigonematales include
multiseriated filaments with true branching.
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17. Gloeobacterales
Consisting of such organisms such as the members of
Gloeobacter, Gloeobacterales possess phycobilisomes which
are light harvesting complexes
. As a result, Gloeobacterales like Gloeobacter lack
thylakoids that are found in other members of
cyanobacteria.
Like other cyanobacteria, they can be found in a range of
environments like limestone rocks and other aquatic
environments.
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