This document discusses different types of biofuels including vegetable oils, bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, and biobutanol. It provides examples of feedstocks used to produce each type of biofuel and how they are made. The advantages of biofuels are reducing greenhouse gas emissions, being less toxic and biodegradable than fossil fuels. However, disadvantages include negative environmental impacts such as loss of natural areas, water pollution, and higher food prices.

1. Biofuels

2. BIOFUELS
Renewable primary products

3. TOPICS
 Fuels
 Definition of biofuels
 Different types of biofuels
 Advantages and disadvantages of
biofuels

4. FUELS
Fuel is any material that can
be made to react with other
substances so that it religious
chemicals or nuclear energy
as a heat or to use work.

5. DEFINITION OF BIOFUELS
Biofuels is fuel that is produced
through biological process such
agriculture or anaerobic
digestion.

6. EXAMPLES OF BIOFUELS
 Examples of biofuels include ethanol (often made
from corn in the United States and sugarcane in
Brazil), biodiesel (vegetable oils and liquid animal
fats), green diesel (derived from algae and other
plant sources) and biogas (methane derived from
animal manure and other digested organic
material).

7. DIFFERENT TYPES OF BIOFUELS
 Vegetable oils
 Bioethanol
 Biodiesel
 Biogas
 Biobutanol

8. VEGETABLE OILS
Vegetables oil can be used for either food or fuel.
German inventer Rudoph diesel leading to the
sucessful development in 1895.
First generation vegetable oil including
 Rapeseed
 Soyabean oil
 Palm oil

9. BIOETHANOL
•Actually ethyl alcohl(also
referred to as ethanol)
•Identical to drinking alcohol by
its composition
•Mainly two ways of producing
alcohol
•1. synthesis of hydrocarbons
•2. from biomass
•Chemical Formular : CH3CH2OH

10. Example of extracting
Bioethanol (corn)

11. MAKING ETHANOL FROM SEED
Ethanol
1. Grow and collect grain.
3. Heat and enzymes
convert starch to sugar.
4. Anaerobic respiration by
yeast
5. Alcohol (ethanolº is distilled
out of mixture.
2. Grind kernels into meal.

13. BIODIESEL
•Is an ester (more generally methyl ester)
•Produced from vegetable oil
•Rudolf Diesel originally developed its
engine by means of peanut oil

14. Example of extracting
biodiesel (rapeseeds)

16. BIODIESEL
 Rapeseeds
 palm fruit
 Soybeans
 Sunflower

17. BIOETHANOL
 Sugarbeet
 Wood
 Cereals
 Corn

18. BIOGAS
 Biogas typically refers to a mixture of
different gases produced by the breakdown
of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Biogas
can be produced from raw materials such as
agricultural waste, manure, municipal
waste, plant material, sewage, green
waste or food waste. Biogas is a renewable
energy source and in many cases exerts a very
small carbon footprint.

19. APPLICATIONS
 Biogas can be used for electricity production on
sewage works.

20. BIOBUTANOL
 . Butanol (C4H10O) or butyl alcohol is an alcohol that can
be used as a solvent or fuel. Biobutanol refers to butanol
that has been produced from biomass. Biobutanol is
produced by a microbial fermentation, similar to ethanol
and can be made from the same range
of sugar, starch or cellulosic feedstocks..

22. ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF BIOFUELS

23. Advantages
 climatic change needs reduction of the greenhouse effect
 less toxic
 conserves ernergy
 saving of resources
 biodegradable
 economize fossil basic materials
-> e.g. Oil in place is unlasting

24. DISADVANTAGES
 losing of nature (e.g. cultivation of oilpalms)
 acidification of fields
 water pollution by pesticides
 eutrophication of waterbodies
 higher price of corn, palm oil etc.
 reduction of richness in species