Protein microarrays are high-throughput methods that allow researchers to study protein interactions and functions on a large scale. There are three main types of protein microarrays: analytical microarrays use antibodies to detect specific proteins in samples; functional microarrays examine protein-protein and other molecular interactions; and reverse-phase protein microarrays profile protein expression levels and post-translational modifications by immobilizing cell or tissue lysates. Protein microarrays have applications in diagnostics, proteomics, studying protein functions, and analyzing antibodies.

1. INTEGRAL UNIVERSITY,
LUCKNOW

2. Protein microarray
 A protein microarray (protein chip)is a high
throughput method used to track the interactions
& activities of proteins,& to determine their
functions,& determining function on a large scale.
 Protein microarrays,are miniaturised and parallel
assay systems that contain small amounts of
purified proteins in a high density format.

3. Types of Protein Microarrays
Protein
Microarrays
Analytical
Protein
Microarray
Functional
Protein
Microarray
Reverse
Phase protein
Microarray

4.  Analytical microarrays(or antibody microarrays)
have antibodies arrays on solid surface,and are
used to detect proteins in biological samples.
 Often a second is used to detect a protein that is
captured by the antibody attached to the solid
phase,in a principle similar to that of sandwich
immunoassay, in which the first antibody is spotted
on the array and then a captured antigen on the
chip is detected with a second antibody that
recognises a different part of antigen.
Analytical Protein Microarray

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Functional Protein Microarray
 Functional protein microarrays have recently been applied
to many aspects of discovery based biology,including
protein-protein,protein-lipid,protein-DNA,protein
drug,&protein–peptide iinteractions.
These can be used to identify enzyme substrates.
These can also be used to detect antibodies in a biological
specimen to profile an immune response.

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8. Reverse Phase Protein Microarray
In RPA, cellular or tissue lysates are immobilized on the slides.
RPAs allow for the determination of the presence of altered
proteins or other agents that may be the result of disease.
Specifically, post translation modifications,which are typically
altered as a result of disease can be detected using RPAs.

9. Applicaton
There are five major areas where protein arrays
are being applied-
• diagnostics.
• proteomics.
• protein functional analysis.
• antibody characterisation & treatment.