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INNOVATIVE 
TEACHING 
MANUAL
Innovative Teaching Manual 
Name of the Student : Anila Angel M S Standard : IX 
Name of the School : Govt. VHSS for Girls Pettah Division : A 
Subject : Social Science Period : 
Unit : kmaq-ly-Po-hnXw Duration : 45min 
Sub Unit : IpSpw_w Date : 
Curricular Statement 
NÀ¨, nco-£-Ww, A]-{K-Yw F¶n-h-bn-eqsS A[ym-]n-I -IpSpw_s¯-¡pdn¨v Ip«n-IÄ¡v Ah-t_m[w evIp-¶p. 
Learning Objectives/ Outcomes 
1. IpSpw_w F´m-sW¶v Ip«n Adn-bp-¶-Xnv. 
2. AWp-Ip-Spw_w F´m-sW¶v Ip«n nÀÆ-Nn-¡p-¶-Xnv. 
3. hnhn-[-Xcw IpSw-_-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v Ip«n a-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xn-v. 
4. kaq-l-¯nse Gähpw {][m-s¸« LS-I-amWv IpSpw-_-sa¶v Ip«n {]kvXm-hn-¡p-¶-Xnv. 
5. hnhn-[-Xcw IpSpw-_-§sf Ip«n Xmc-Xayw sN¿p-¶-Xn.v 
6. IpSpw-_-¯nsâ [À½-§Ä Ip«n hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xnv.
7. Iq«p-Ip-Spw-_-¯nsâ {]tXy-I-X-Isf Npcp¡n ]d-bp-¶-Xnv. 
8. hnhn[-Xcw IpSpw-_-§sf Ip«n hni-I-ew sN¿p-¶-Xnv. 
9. kmaq-ly-h-XvI-cW {]{In-b-bn IpSpw-_-¯n-pÅ {]m[myw Ip«n hnebn-cp-¯p-¶-Xnv. 
Content Analysis 
Terms IpSpw-_w, AWp-Ip-Spw-_w, hnkvXrX IpSpw_w, Iq«p-Ip-Sp-_w,- kz-`mh khn-ti-j-X, hnizm-k-§Ä, BNmc-§Ä 
Facts - 1. Hm-tcm- Ip-Spw-_-¯npw AXnsâ X-Xmb ]mc-¼-cy-§fpw hnizm-k-§fpw BNm-c-§fpw D−m-bn-cn-¡pw. 
2. Ch CfwXeap-d-bn ]IÀ¶p evIm³ apXnÀ¶-hÀ {i²n-¡p-¶p. 
- 3. Xsâ IpSpw_w ]n³Xp-S-cp¶ aX-hnizm-kw, BNm-c-§Ä, `£-W-ioew apX-em-bh hyàn-Isf kzm[o-n-¡p-¶p. 
4. kaqlw AwKo-I-cn-¡p¶ kz`mh khn-ti-j-X-IÄ ]n³Xp-S-cm³ IpSp_w Ip«nsb t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p-¶p. 
5. apXnÀ¶-hÀ sN¿p¶ {]hr-¯n-IÄ Ap-I-cn-¡m-pÅ {]h-WX inip-k-l-P-am-Wv. 
6. hnhn[ kμÀ`-§-fn apXnÀ¶-hÀ s]cp-am-dp-¶-sX-§-s-sb¶v Ip«n-IÄ nco-£n-¡p-¶p. 
7. kmaq-ly-h¡-c-W-¯n--¸pdw IpSpw_w aäv ]e -[À½-§fpw nÀÆ-ln-¡p-¶p-−v. 
8. apjysâ {]mY-anI Bh-iy-§-fmb `£Ww, hkv{Xw, ]mÀ¸nSw F¶nh {][mw sN¿p-¶-XmWv IpSpw-_w. 
9. AwK§fpsS kpc£ Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶Xpw IpSpw-_-¯nsâ Npa-X-e-bm-Wv.
10. IpSpw-_¯n-m-h-iy-amb km[--km-a-{Kn-IÄ hm§p-hm³ th-−n-bmWv Hmtcm hyànbpw sXmgn-en GÀs¸-Sp-¶Xv. 
11. IpSpw-_mw-K-§Ä Ah-cpsS hcp-am--¯nsâ Gdnb ]¦pw sNe-h-gn-¡p-¶Xv C¡m-cy-¯n-em-Wv. 
12. A§s sXmgn sN¿p-¶-Xn-pÅ t{]c-I-i-àn-bmbpw km[--km-a-{Kn-I-fpsS D]-t`m-àm-hmbpw 
IpSpw_w ne-sIm-Åp-¶p. 
13. AÑpw A½bpw Ah-cpsS Ahnhm-ln-X-cmb a¡fpw DÄs¸-Sp-¶-XmWv AWp-Ip-Spw-_w. 
14. AÑpw A½bpw Ah-cpsS hnhm-ln-X-cmb a¡fpw DÄs¸-Sp-¶-XmWv hnkvXr-X-Ip-Spw_w. 
15. ct−m aqt¶m AXn-e-[n-Itam Xe-ap-d-bnÂs¸« Bfp-IÄ Hcp Iq«-ambn Xma-kn-¡p-¶-Xn-s-bmWv 
Iq«p-IpSpw_sa¶p ]d-bp-¶Xv. 
Concept- ]nd¶ mÄ apXÂ mw B{i-bn-¡p-Ibpw CS-]-g-Ip-Ibpw sN¿p¶ ASn-Øm kmaq-ly-Øm-]--amWv 
IpSpw_w. 
Pre-Requisites- IpSpw-_-s¯- ]än Ip«n-IÄ¡v tI«-dn-hp−v. 
Teaching 1. hnhn[ aXm-Nm-c-§-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸« Nn{X-§Ä. 
Learning 2. hnhn[ aXm-p-jvTm--§Ä. 
Resources 3. tNmZy-§Ä Hfn-¸n¨ hnhn[ nd-§-fn-epÅ ImÀUv. 
4. hnhn-[-Xcw IpSpw-_-§sf Is−-¯m-pÅ A£-c-amem ImÀUv.
Classroom Interaction Procedure Pupils Response 
Introduction 
Hu]-Nm-cnI kw`m-j-W-¯np tijw A[ym-]nI ¢mÊv Bcw-`n-¡p-¶p. 
CStÈcn tKmhn-μ³ mb-cpsS ""t§-enbpw `qXhpw'' F¶ Ihn-X-bnse 
GXmpw Nne hcn-IÄ A[ym-]nI Be-]n-¡p-¶p. 
“Bän³ ho«n amfnI ho«ne 
¶mäptmäns«m-cp®n ]nd-¶p. Ip«n-IÄ {i²-tbmsS tIÄ¡p¶p 
D®n-¡-c-bnse¡n§nWn s]m¶p-sImþ 
−p®n¡p ImXn¡Sp-¡³.” 
XpSÀ¶v A[ym-]nI IhnXsb Bkv]-Z-am¡n Nne tNmZy-§Ä tNmZn-¡p¶p. 
1. Cu Ihn-X-bnse IYm-]m-{X-§Ä Bscm-s¡-bmWv ? t§-enbpw Ip«nbpw 
2. F´ns Ipdn-¨mWv Cu Ihn-X-bn {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡p-¶Xv ? kvtlw 
3. C¯cw _Ô-§Ä Fhn-sS-bmWv ImWp-¶Xv ? ho«n IpSpw-_-¯nÂ
DNn-X-amb D¯-c-§Ä ]d-bn¨psIm−v A[ym-]nI 
]nd¶ mÄ apXÂ mw B{i-bn-¡p-Ibpw CS-]-g-Ip-Ibpw sN¿p¶ ASn-Øm 
kmaq-ly-Øm-]--amWv IpSpw-_w F¶ Bibw Ip«n-I-fpsS ap³]n Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶p. 
Activity- I 
FÃm IpSpw-_-§-fnepw Hmtc BNm-c-§fpw hnizm-k-§-fp-aà F¶p Ip«n-Isf 
t_m²y-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xnmbn Hcp sKbnw kwL-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶p. 
 Ip«n-Isf 2 {Kq¸mbn Xcw Xncn-¡p-¶p. 
 hnhn[ aXm-N-c-§-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸« Iptd Nn{X-§Ä c−p {Kq¸p-ImÀ¡pw A[ym-]nI 
ÂIp-¶p.
Ip«n-IÄ Nn{X-§Ä 
ocn-£n-¡p¶p. 
nÀt±i-§Ä 
· Nn{X-§Ä kqjva-ambn nco-£n¨v NÀ¨ sN¿pI. Ip«n-IÄ NÀ¨ sN¿p¶p 
· c−p ann-«n-p-Ån AXmXv {Kq¸p-ImÀ¡v X¶n-«pÅ Nn{X-§Ä {Kq¸v eoU-dnsâ eoUÀ NmÀ«n H«n-¡p¶p 
klm-b-t¯msS NmÀ«n H«n-¡p-I.
hnhn[ aXm-p-jvTm--§Ä Fs¶-gp-Xnb Hmtcm NmÀ«v Hmtcm {Kq¸npw ÂIp-¶p 
hnhn[ aXm-p-jvTm--§Ä 
hnhn[ aXm-p-jvTm--§Ä 
Cu sKbn-ansâ ASn-Øm--¯n n§Ä¡v F´mWv a-Ên-em-bXv ? Ip«n-IÄ NÀ¨ sN¿p¶p 
Ip«n-IÄ {i²m -]qÀÆw 
tIÄ¡p¶p 
· Hmtcm IpSp-_-¯npw AXnsâ X-Xmb ]mc-¼-cy-§fpw hnizm-k-§fpw BNm-c-§fpw 
· Ch Cfw Xe-ap-d-bn-tebv¡v ]IÀ¶p evIm³ apXnÀ¶-hÀ {i²n-¡p-¶p. 
· Xsâ IpSpw_w ]n³Xp-S-cp¶ aX-hn-izm-kw, BNm-c-§Ä, `£-W-ioew apX-em-bh 
Activity- II 
t{ImUo-I-cWw 
D−m-bn-cn-¡pw. 
hyàn-Isf kzm[o-n-¡p-¶p. 
A[ym-]nI Ip«n-Isf mep {Kq¸mbn Xcw-Xn-cn-¡p-¶p. XpSÀ¶v IpSpw-_-¯nse hnhn[ [À½-§- 
fp-ambn _Ô-s¸« Nne tNmZy-§Ä Hfn-¸n¨ hnhn[ nd-¯n-epÅ ImÀUp-IÄ Ip«n-IÄ¡v ÂIn 
sIm−v Hcp ImÀUv Xnc-sª-Sp-¡m³ Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶p. AXnsâ ASn-Øm--¯n A[ym-]nI 
Hcp NÀ¨ kwL-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶p.
Ip«n-IÄ NÀ¨ sNbvXv 
Fgp-Xp-¶p 
Ip«n-IÄ {i²m -]qÀÆw 
tIÄ¡p¶p 
n§Ä¡v IpSpw-_-¯nÂn¶v 
Fs´Ãmw e`n-¡p¶p ? 
n§sf amXm-]n-Xm-¡Ä 
iIm-cn-¡m-dpt−m ? 
n§Ä¡v IpSpw-_-¯nÂn¶v 
Fs´Ãmw e`n-¡p¶p ? 
n§sf amXm-]n-Xm-¡Ä 
iIm-cn-¡m-dpt−m ? 
t{ImUo-I-cWw 
 kaqlw AwKo-I-cn-¡p¶ kz`m-h-k-hn-ti-j-X-IÄ ]n³Xp-S-cm³ IpSpw_w Ip«nsb t{]mÕm-ln- 
¸n-¡p-¶p. 
 apXnÀ¶-hÀ sN¿p¶ {]hr¯n Ap-I-cn-¡m-pÅ {]h-WX inipkl-P-am-Wv. 
 hnhn[ kμÀ`-§-fn apXnÀ¶-hÀ s]cp-am-dp-¶-sX-§n-s-sb¶v Ip«n-IÄ nco-£n-¡p¶p. 
 kmaq-ly-h¡-c-W-¯n-¸pdw IpSpw_w aäv ]e [À½-§fpw nÀÆ-ln-¡p-¶p-−v. 
 ap-jysâ {]mY-an-Im-h-iy-§-fmb `£-Ww, ]mÀ¸nSw F¶nh {]Zmw sN¿p-¶-XmWv IpSpw-_w. 
 AwK-§-fpsS kpc£ Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶Xpw IpSpw-_-¯nsâ Npa-X-e-bm-Wv.
Activity- III 
A[ym-]nI A£-c-am-e-IÄ DÄs¡m-ffp¶ Hcp A£-c-ame 
ImÀUv Ip«n-IÄ¡v ÂIn sIm−v hnhn-[-Xcw IpSpw-_-§sf 
I−p-]n-Sn-¡m³ Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶p. 
Ip«n-IÄ A£-c-ame ImÀUn 
Hfn-ªn-cn-¡p¶ hnhn[Xcw 
IpSpw-_-§sf Is−-¯p-¶p. 
XpSÀ¶p Is−-¯nb hnh-c-W-§Ä 
ImÀUnp Xmsg tcJ-s¸Sp-¯p-¶p. 
i a h Im Xy hn 
k À ¨ h « kv 
hy Spw Iq Nn À Xr 
_w Kv «w A ¶p X 
]q A Kn A A Ip 
¼m N Wp ¶p a Spw 
ä Iq «p Ip Spw _w 
Xn ¦ Ä N Spw À 
Nm k Cn tk Dm _w
Ip«n-IÄ {i²m]qÀÆw 
tIÄ¡p¶p 
· AÑpw A½bpw Ah-cpsS Ahnhm-ln-X-cmb a¡fpw DÄs¸-Sp-¶- 
XmWv AWp-Ip-Spw-_w. 
· AÑpw A½bpw Ah-cpsS hnhm-ln-X-cmb a¡fpw DÄs¸-Sp-¶- 
XmWv hnkvXr-X-Ip-Spw_w. 
· ct−m aqt¶m AXn-e-[n-Itam Xe-ap-d-bnÂs¸« Bfp-IÄ Hcp Iq«- 
ambn Xma-kn-¡p-¶-Xn-s-bmWv Iq«p-IpSpw_sa¶p ]d-bp-¶Xv. 
Conclusion: 
t{ImUo-I-cWw 
IpSpw-_-¯nse AwK-§Ä¡v Ah-cp-tS-Xmb Ah-Im-i-§fpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw D−v. 
Ip«n-IÄ F¶ ne-bn n§Ä c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS kvtl-hpw, kwc-£-Whpw AÀln-¡p-¶-h-cm-Wv. 
IpSpw-_-kz-¯n hyàn-IÄ¡pÅ ]n³Xp-SÀ¨m-h-Imiw nbaw aqew kwc-£n-¡-s¸-«n-«p-−v. 
IpSpw-_mw-K-§Ä¡v Ah-Im-i-§Ä am{X-aà Npa-X-e-Ifpw Ds−¶p a-Ên-em¡nsImSp¯p sIm−v 
A[ym-]nI ¢mÊv Ah-km-n-¸n-¡p-¶p.
Review 
Black Board Summary 
*t§en *Ip«n *IpSpw_w 
*Aѳ *Ip«pIpSpw_w 
*hnkvXrX IpSpw_w *IpSpw_mY³ 
1. IpSpw_w F¶m-se´v ? 
2. IpSpw-_-¯nsâ [À½-§Ä Fs´Ãmw ? 
3. hnhn-[-Xcw IpSpw-_-§Ä GsXÃmw ? 
4. Iq«p-Ip-Spw_w F¶m-se´v ? 
5. AWp-Ip-Spw_w F¶m-se´v ? 
Assignment 
1. hnhn-[-Xcw IpSpw_§fpsS Nn{X-§Ä tiJ-cn¨v Hcp NmÀ«n H«n-¡pI

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Project

  • 2. Innovative Teaching Manual Name of the Student : Anila Angel M S Standard : IX Name of the School : Govt. VHSS for Girls Pettah Division : A Subject : Social Science Period : Unit : kmaq-ly-Po-hnXw Duration : 45min Sub Unit : IpSpw_w Date : Curricular Statement NÀ¨, nco-£-Ww, A]-{K-Yw F¶n-h-bn-eqsS A[ym-]n-I -IpSpw_s¯-¡pdn¨v Ip«n-IÄ¡v Ah-t_m[w evIp-¶p. Learning Objectives/ Outcomes 1. IpSpw_w F´m-sW¶v Ip«n Adn-bp-¶-Xnv. 2. AWp-Ip-Spw_w F´m-sW¶v Ip«n nÀÆ-Nn-¡p-¶-Xnv. 3. hnhn-[-Xcw IpSw-_-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v Ip«n a-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xn-v. 4. kaq-l-¯nse Gähpw {][m-s¸« LS-I-amWv IpSpw-_-sa¶v Ip«n {]kvXm-hn-¡p-¶-Xnv. 5. hnhn-[-Xcw IpSpw-_-§sf Ip«n Xmc-Xayw sN¿p-¶-Xn.v 6. IpSpw-_-¯nsâ [À½-§Ä Ip«n hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xnv.
  • 3. 7. Iq«p-Ip-Spw-_-¯nsâ {]tXy-I-X-Isf Npcp¡n ]d-bp-¶-Xnv. 8. hnhn[-Xcw IpSpw-_-§sf Ip«n hni-I-ew sN¿p-¶-Xnv. 9. kmaq-ly-h-XvI-cW {]{In-b-bn IpSpw-_-¯n-pÅ {]m[myw Ip«n hnebn-cp-¯p-¶-Xnv. Content Analysis Terms IpSpw-_w, AWp-Ip-Spw-_w, hnkvXrX IpSpw_w, Iq«p-Ip-Sp-_w,- kz-`mh khn-ti-j-X, hnizm-k-§Ä, BNmc-§Ä Facts - 1. Hm-tcm- Ip-Spw-_-¯npw AXnsâ X-Xmb ]mc-¼-cy-§fpw hnizm-k-§fpw BNm-c-§fpw D−m-bn-cn-¡pw. 2. Ch CfwXeap-d-bn ]IÀ¶p evIm³ apXnÀ¶-hÀ {i²n-¡p-¶p. - 3. Xsâ IpSpw_w ]n³Xp-S-cp¶ aX-hnizm-kw, BNm-c-§Ä, `£-W-ioew apX-em-bh hyàn-Isf kzm[o-n-¡p-¶p. 4. kaqlw AwKo-I-cn-¡p¶ kz`mh khn-ti-j-X-IÄ ]n³Xp-S-cm³ IpSp_w Ip«nsb t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p-¶p. 5. apXnÀ¶-hÀ sN¿p¶ {]hr-¯n-IÄ Ap-I-cn-¡m-pÅ {]h-WX inip-k-l-P-am-Wv. 6. hnhn[ kμÀ`-§-fn apXnÀ¶-hÀ s]cp-am-dp-¶-sX-§-s-sb¶v Ip«n-IÄ nco-£n-¡p-¶p. 7. kmaq-ly-h¡-c-W-¯n--¸pdw IpSpw_w aäv ]e -[À½-§fpw nÀÆ-ln-¡p-¶p-−v. 8. apjysâ {]mY-anI Bh-iy-§-fmb `£Ww, hkv{Xw, ]mÀ¸nSw F¶nh {][mw sN¿p-¶-XmWv IpSpw-_w. 9. AwK§fpsS kpc£ Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶Xpw IpSpw-_-¯nsâ Npa-X-e-bm-Wv.
  • 4. 10. IpSpw-_¯n-m-h-iy-amb km[--km-a-{Kn-IÄ hm§p-hm³ th-−n-bmWv Hmtcm hyànbpw sXmgn-en GÀs¸-Sp-¶Xv. 11. IpSpw-_mw-K-§Ä Ah-cpsS hcp-am--¯nsâ Gdnb ]¦pw sNe-h-gn-¡p-¶Xv C¡m-cy-¯n-em-Wv. 12. A§s sXmgn sN¿p-¶-Xn-pÅ t{]c-I-i-àn-bmbpw km[--km-a-{Kn-I-fpsS D]-t`m-àm-hmbpw IpSpw_w ne-sIm-Åp-¶p. 13. AÑpw A½bpw Ah-cpsS Ahnhm-ln-X-cmb a¡fpw DÄs¸-Sp-¶-XmWv AWp-Ip-Spw-_w. 14. AÑpw A½bpw Ah-cpsS hnhm-ln-X-cmb a¡fpw DÄs¸-Sp-¶-XmWv hnkvXr-X-Ip-Spw_w. 15. ct−m aqt¶m AXn-e-[n-Itam Xe-ap-d-bnÂs¸« Bfp-IÄ Hcp Iq«-ambn Xma-kn-¡p-¶-Xn-s-bmWv Iq«p-IpSpw_sa¶p ]d-bp-¶Xv. Concept- ]nd¶ mÄ apX mw B{i-bn-¡p-Ibpw CS-]-g-Ip-Ibpw sN¿p¶ ASn-Øm kmaq-ly-Øm-]--amWv IpSpw_w. Pre-Requisites- IpSpw-_-s¯- ]än Ip«n-IÄ¡v tI«-dn-hp−v. Teaching 1. hnhn[ aXm-Nm-c-§-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸« Nn{X-§Ä. Learning 2. hnhn[ aXm-p-jvTm--§Ä. Resources 3. tNmZy-§Ä Hfn-¸n¨ hnhn[ nd-§-fn-epÅ ImÀUv. 4. hnhn-[-Xcw IpSpw-_-§sf Is−-¯m-pÅ A£-c-amem ImÀUv.
  • 5. Classroom Interaction Procedure Pupils Response Introduction Hu]-Nm-cnI kw`m-j-W-¯np tijw A[ym-]nI ¢mÊv Bcw-`n-¡p-¶p. CStÈcn tKmhn-μ³ mb-cpsS ""t§-enbpw `qXhpw'' F¶ Ihn-X-bnse GXmpw Nne hcn-IÄ A[ym-]nI Be-]n-¡p-¶p. “Bän³ ho«n amfnI ho«ne ¶mäptmäns«m-cp®n ]nd-¶p. Ip«n-IÄ {i²-tbmsS tIÄ¡p¶p D®n-¡-c-bnse¡n§nWn s]m¶p-sImþ −p®n¡p ImXn¡Sp-¡³.” XpSÀ¶v A[ym-]nI IhnXsb Bkv]-Z-am¡n Nne tNmZy-§Ä tNmZn-¡p¶p. 1. Cu Ihn-X-bnse IYm-]m-{X-§Ä Bscm-s¡-bmWv ? t§-enbpw Ip«nbpw 2. F´ns Ipdn-¨mWv Cu Ihn-X-bn {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡p-¶Xv ? kvtlw 3. C¯cw _Ô-§Ä Fhn-sS-bmWv ImWp-¶Xv ? ho«n IpSpw-_-¯nÂ
  • 6. DNn-X-amb D¯-c-§Ä ]d-bn¨psIm−v A[ym-]nI ]nd¶ mÄ apX mw B{i-bn-¡p-Ibpw CS-]-g-Ip-Ibpw sN¿p¶ ASn-Øm kmaq-ly-Øm-]--amWv IpSpw-_w F¶ Bibw Ip«n-I-fpsS ap³]n Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶p. Activity- I FÃm IpSpw-_-§-fnepw Hmtc BNm-c-§fpw hnizm-k-§-fp-aà F¶p Ip«n-Isf t_m²y-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xnmbn Hcp sKbnw kwL-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶p. Ip«n-Isf 2 {Kq¸mbn Xcw Xncn-¡p-¶p. hnhn[ aXm-N-c-§-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸« Iptd Nn{X-§Ä c−p {Kq¸p-ImÀ¡pw A[ym-]nI ÂIp-¶p.
  • 7. Ip«n-IÄ Nn{X-§Ä ocn-£n-¡p¶p. nÀt±i-§Ä · Nn{X-§Ä kqjva-ambn nco-£n¨v NÀ¨ sN¿pI. Ip«n-IÄ NÀ¨ sN¿p¶p · c−p ann-«n-p-Ån AXmXv {Kq¸p-ImÀ¡v X¶n-«pÅ Nn{X-§Ä {Kq¸v eoU-dnsâ eoUÀ NmÀ«n H«n-¡p¶p klm-b-t¯msS NmÀ«n H«n-¡p-I.
  • 8. hnhn[ aXm-p-jvTm--§Ä Fs¶-gp-Xnb Hmtcm NmÀ«v Hmtcm {Kq¸npw ÂIp-¶p hnhn[ aXm-p-jvTm--§Ä hnhn[ aXm-p-jvTm--§Ä Cu sKbn-ansâ ASn-Øm--¯n n§Ä¡v F´mWv a-Ên-em-bXv ? Ip«n-IÄ NÀ¨ sN¿p¶p Ip«n-IÄ {i²m -]qÀÆw tIÄ¡p¶p · Hmtcm IpSp-_-¯npw AXnsâ X-Xmb ]mc-¼-cy-§fpw hnizm-k-§fpw BNm-c-§fpw · Ch Cfw Xe-ap-d-bn-tebv¡v ]IÀ¶p evIm³ apXnÀ¶-hÀ {i²n-¡p-¶p. · Xsâ IpSpw_w ]n³Xp-S-cp¶ aX-hn-izm-kw, BNm-c-§Ä, `£-W-ioew apX-em-bh Activity- II t{ImUo-I-cWw D−m-bn-cn-¡pw. hyàn-Isf kzm[o-n-¡p-¶p. A[ym-]nI Ip«n-Isf mep {Kq¸mbn Xcw-Xn-cn-¡p-¶p. XpSÀ¶v IpSpw-_-¯nse hnhn[ [À½-§- fp-ambn _Ô-s¸« Nne tNmZy-§Ä Hfn-¸n¨ hnhn[ nd-¯n-epÅ ImÀUp-IÄ Ip«n-IÄ¡v ÂIn sIm−v Hcp ImÀUv Xnc-sª-Sp-¡m³ Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶p. AXnsâ ASn-Øm--¯n A[ym-]nI Hcp NÀ¨ kwL-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶p.
  • 9. Ip«n-IÄ NÀ¨ sNbvXv Fgp-Xp-¶p Ip«n-IÄ {i²m -]qÀÆw tIÄ¡p¶p n§Ä¡v IpSpw-_-¯nÂn¶v Fs´Ãmw e`n-¡p¶p ? n§sf amXm-]n-Xm-¡Ä iIm-cn-¡m-dpt−m ? n§Ä¡v IpSpw-_-¯nÂn¶v Fs´Ãmw e`n-¡p¶p ? n§sf amXm-]n-Xm-¡Ä iIm-cn-¡m-dpt−m ? t{ImUo-I-cWw kaqlw AwKo-I-cn-¡p¶ kz`m-h-k-hn-ti-j-X-IÄ ]n³Xp-S-cm³ IpSpw_w Ip«nsb t{]mÕm-ln- ¸n-¡p-¶p. apXnÀ¶-hÀ sN¿p¶ {]hr¯n Ap-I-cn-¡m-pÅ {]h-WX inipkl-P-am-Wv. hnhn[ kμÀ`-§-fn apXnÀ¶-hÀ s]cp-am-dp-¶-sX-§n-s-sb¶v Ip«n-IÄ nco-£n-¡p¶p. kmaq-ly-h¡-c-W-¯n-¸pdw IpSpw_w aäv ]e [À½-§fpw nÀÆ-ln-¡p-¶p-−v. ap-jysâ {]mY-an-Im-h-iy-§-fmb `£-Ww, ]mÀ¸nSw F¶nh {]Zmw sN¿p-¶-XmWv IpSpw-_w. AwK-§-fpsS kpc£ Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶Xpw IpSpw-_-¯nsâ Npa-X-e-bm-Wv.
  • 10. Activity- III A[ym-]nI A£-c-am-e-IÄ DÄs¡m-ffp¶ Hcp A£-c-ame ImÀUv Ip«n-IÄ¡v ÂIn sIm−v hnhn-[-Xcw IpSpw-_-§sf I−p-]n-Sn-¡m³ Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶p. Ip«n-IÄ A£-c-ame ImÀUn Hfn-ªn-cn-¡p¶ hnhn[Xcw IpSpw-_-§sf Is−-¯p-¶p. XpSÀ¶p Is−-¯nb hnh-c-W-§Ä ImÀUnp Xmsg tcJ-s¸Sp-¯p-¶p. i a h Im Xy hn k À ¨ h « kv hy Spw Iq Nn À Xr _w Kv «w A ¶p X ]q A Kn A A Ip ¼m N Wp ¶p a Spw ä Iq «p Ip Spw _w Xn ¦ Ä N Spw À Nm k Cn tk Dm _w
  • 11. Ip«n-IÄ {i²m]qÀÆw tIÄ¡p¶p · AÑpw A½bpw Ah-cpsS Ahnhm-ln-X-cmb a¡fpw DÄs¸-Sp-¶- XmWv AWp-Ip-Spw-_w. · AÑpw A½bpw Ah-cpsS hnhm-ln-X-cmb a¡fpw DÄs¸-Sp-¶- XmWv hnkvXr-X-Ip-Spw_w. · ct−m aqt¶m AXn-e-[n-Itam Xe-ap-d-bnÂs¸« Bfp-IÄ Hcp Iq«- ambn Xma-kn-¡p-¶-Xn-s-bmWv Iq«p-IpSpw_sa¶p ]d-bp-¶Xv. Conclusion: t{ImUo-I-cWw IpSpw-_-¯nse AwK-§Ä¡v Ah-cp-tS-Xmb Ah-Im-i-§fpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw D−v. Ip«n-IÄ F¶ ne-bn n§Ä c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS kvtl-hpw, kwc-£-Whpw AÀln-¡p-¶-h-cm-Wv. IpSpw-_-kz-¯n hyàn-IÄ¡pÅ ]n³Xp-SÀ¨m-h-Imiw nbaw aqew kwc-£n-¡-s¸-«n-«p-−v. IpSpw-_mw-K-§Ä¡v Ah-Im-i-§Ä am{X-aà Npa-X-e-Ifpw Ds−¶p a-Ên-em¡nsImSp¯p sIm−v A[ym-]nI ¢mÊv Ah-km-n-¸n-¡p-¶p.
  • 12. Review Black Board Summary *t§en *Ip«n *IpSpw_w *Aѳ *Ip«pIpSpw_w *hnkvXrX IpSpw_w *IpSpw_mY³ 1. IpSpw_w F¶m-se´v ? 2. IpSpw-_-¯nsâ [À½-§Ä Fs´Ãmw ? 3. hnhn-[-Xcw IpSpw-_-§Ä GsXÃmw ? 4. Iq«p-Ip-Spw_w F¶m-se´v ? 5. AWp-Ip-Spw_w F¶m-se´v ? Assignment 1. hnhn-[-Xcw IpSpw_§fpsS Nn{X-§Ä tiJ-cn¨v Hcp NmÀ«n H«n-¡pI