1) The document discusses the socio-economic development programs implemented in Kerala over the past 15 years under successive Left Democratic Front governments. 2) Major programs included expanding access to healthcare, education, housing, drinking water and electricity across all sections of society. Subsidies for food grains and other essential commodities were increased substantially. 3) As a result, Kerala has seen significant reductions in poverty and improvements in human development indicators across domains like literacy, life expectancy and infant mortality during this period.

1. 1
tIc-f-¯nse nb-a-k`m Xnc-sª-Sp¸v Ncn-{X-¯n hen-sbmcp amäw
Ipdn¡p¶ Xnc-sª-Sp-¸mhpw ]Xn-aq¶mw nb-a-k-`-bn-te¡pÅ Xnc-sª-Sp-¸v.
1977 apXÂ CtX-hsc ap¶-Wn-IÄ amdnamdn `qcn-]£w tSp¶ Xc-¯nÂ
Nm©m-«-¯nsâ Ncn-{X-amWv BhÀ¯n-¡p-¶-Xv. BZy-ambn AXv amdm³
t]mhpI-bm-Wv. CS-Xp-]£ Pm-[n-]-Xy-ap-¶Wn h¼n¨ `qcn-]-£-t¯msS
A[nImcw ne-nÀ¯p-¶-Xnv ]Ým-¯-e-sam-cp-§n-bn-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. Ignª
Hcp ]Xn-äm--n-n-S-bn-ep--mb c-v ap¶Wn Kh¬saâp-I-fpsS {]hÀ¯--
§Ä tcn«p I¬ap-¶n I--h-cmWv alm-`q-cn-]£w thm«Àam-cpw. 2001-
þ2006se bp.Un.-F-^v. `c-W-¯nsâ Zpcp-`-h-§Ä Hcp t]Sn-kz-]vw-t]mse
P§-fpsS a-Ên-se-¯p-¶p--v. IS-s¡-Wnbpw IÀj-I-B-ß-l-Xybpw
sXmgnen-Ãm-bvabpw tXm«-§Ä AS-¨p-]q-«epw ]c¼-cm-KX taJ-e-bnse
XIÀ¨bpw tImf-n-I-fnse ]«nWn-acW-§fpw s]mXp-ta-Je AS-¨n-Sepw hnä-gn-
¡epw Agn-a-Xnbpw am^nb-IfpsS hnf-bm-«hpw s]¬hm-Wn-`-§fpw {Ia-k-am-
[m XIÀ¨-bp-am-bn-cp-¶p B A©vsIm-Ãs¯ Ap-`-hw.
AXn-p-tijwh¶ CS-Xp-]£ Pm-[n-]-Xy-ap-¶Wn Kh¬saânsâ Xnf-¡-amÀ¶
{]hÀ¯--§Ä P-§-fpsS Ap-`-h-¯n-ep--v. ImÀjn-I-ta-J-e-bntem hyh-km-
b-ta-J-e-bntem ]c-¼-cmKX sXmgnÂta-J-e-I-fntem tXm«w-ta-J-e-bntem
FhnsSbpw AkzØ-X-I-fn-Ã. FÃm taJ-e-bnepw kam-[m--am-Wv. sXmgnÂ
jvS-s¸« AhØ Fhn-sS-bp-an-Ã. Bp-Iq-ey-§Ä jvS-s¸-Sp¶ AhØ
Fhn-sS-bp-an-Ã. FÃm sXmgnÂta-J-e-bnepw BpIq-ey-§Ä hÀ[n-¸n-¡m³
Ignªp. Pohn-X-{]-bm-k-§Ä ]c-am-h[n eLq-I-cn-¡m³ Ign-ªp.
ISs¡-Wnbpw hne-¯-IÀ¨bpw ImcWw IÀjI Bß-lXy nXy-kw-`-h-am-bn-
cp¶ Ime-L-«-¯n-emWv A©v hÀjw-ap¼v CS-Xp-]£ Pm-[n-]-Xy-ap-¶Wn
A[n-Im-c-¯n h¶-Xv. sXm«p-ap-¼s¯ A©v hÀjw Bbn-c-¯-ªqdv Irjn-
¡m-cmWv BßlXy sNbvX-Xv. CS-Xp-]£ Pm-[n-]-Xy-ap-¶Wn Kh¬saâv
BZy-ambn Gä-hp-a-[nIw {i² ]Xn-¸n¨ taJe CXm-Wv. {lkz-Ime þ ZoÀL-
Ime ]²-Xn-IÄ Bhn-jv¡-cn¨v ImÀjn-I-ta-J-esb c£n-¡p-¶-Xnv Du¶Â
ÂIn. Bß-lXy sNbvX Irjn-¡m-cpsS IS-§Ä apgp-h³ Fgp-Xn-¯-Åp-
Ibpw Ah-cpsS B{in-XÀ¡v Ac-e£w cq] hoXw [-k-lmbw ÂIp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. XpSÀ¶v ImÀjnIIS-§Ä¡v samd-t«m-dnbw GÀs¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw
AXnsâ Imem-h[n Xocpw-ap-¼vXs¶ ImÀjnI ISm-izmk nbaw sIm-p-h-cn-
Ibpw sNbvXp. IÀj-I-s]³jpw C³jp-d³kpw hnf C³jp-d³kpw ]en-i-

2. 2
c-lnX hmbv]bpw S-¸m-¡n. ImÀjn-tIm-ev]m-Z hÀ[--¡pÅ ka-{K-amb
IÀ½-]-²Xn S-¸m-¡n. tI{µ-¯n k½À±w sNep¯n ImkÀt¡m-Sv, hb-m-Sv,
]me-¡mSv PnÃ-IÄ¡mbn {]tXyI ]mt¡Pv tSn-sb-Sp-¡p-Ibpw tI{µ-þ-
kwØm kwbp-àm-`n-ap-Jy-¯n S-¸m-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. nc-´c k½À±-
¯n-eqsS Ip«-m-Sv, CSp¡n ]mt¡-Pp-IÄ tSn-sb-Sp-¯p. sÃnsâ kw`-c-W-
hne Ggv cq]-bm-bn-cp-¶Xv L«w-L-«-ambn 14 cq]-bmbn hÀ[n-¸n-¨p. CsXÃmw
ImcWw ImÀjn-I-ta-J-e-bnÂn¶pw sscmiyw AI-ep-Ibpw ]pXnb
Bthiw {]I-S-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Adp-]-Xn-m-bn-c-t¯mfw G¡-dnÂ
]pXpXmbn sÂIrjn Bcw-`n-¡mpw Dev]m-Z--¯n Ht¶-Im e£w
S®nsâ hÀ[ ssIh-cn-¡mpw Ign-ªp. ]¨-¡-dn-bpsS Imcy-¯n kzbw-
]cym-]vXX ssIh-cn-¡pI F¶ e£y-t¯msS S-¸m-¡nb ]²-Xn-IÄ
hensbm-c-f-thmfw e£y-¯n-se-¯n-¡m³ Ign-ªp. ]mÂ, ap«, F¶n-h-bpsS
Dev]m-Z--¯nepw à hÀ[--bp--m-bn.
ImÀjn-I-ta-J-esb F¶-t]mse aÕy-s¯m-gn-emfn taJ-e-sbbpw IS-s¡-Wn-
bnÂn¶v tamNn-¸n-¨p. Ht¶-Im e£w aÕy-s¯m-gn-emfn IpSpw-_-§-fpsS
380 tImSn cq]-bpsS IS-§Ä Fgp-Xn-¯-Ån. ]en-i-c-lnX hmbv]-Ifpw
k_vknUn-Ifpw ÂIn aÕy-s¯m-gn-em-fn-I-fpsS PohnXw `{Z-am-¡m³ S-]-Sn-
sb-Sp¯p. kpman Zpcn-Xm-izmk ]²-Xn-I-fpsS `mK-ambn k¼qÀ® Xoc-tZi
hnIkw bmYmÀ°y-am-¡m³ Ign-ªp. t{Smfn§v ntcm-[--Im-e¯v Xoc-tZi
taJ-e-bn kuPy tdj³ ÂIp¶ ]²Xn S-¸m-¡n. c-v cq] nc-¡nÂ
Acn ÂIp¶ ]²Xn F.]n.-FÂ., _n.]n.-FÂ. hyXym-k-an-ÃmsX apgp-h³
aÕy-s¯m-gn-em-fn-IÄ¡pw _m[-I-am-¡n. Fkv.-kn.-þ-F-kv.-Sn. hn`m-K-§Ä¡v
ÂIp-¶-Xp-t]m-epÅ hnZym-`ym-km-p-Iq-ey-§Ä aÕy-s¯m-gn-emfn IpSpw-_-§-
fnse hnZymÀ°n-IÄ¡pw e`y-am-¡n.
A©v hÀjw-ap¼v 110-þ120 cq]-bm-bn-cp¶ t£a-s]³j-p-IÄ mqdv cq]-bmbn
hÀ[n-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. ]¯v e£w-hcp¶ Akw-L-SnX taJ-e-bnse sXmgn-em-fn-
IÄ (tjm]vkv Bâv FÌm-»n-jvsaâv), c-v e£w-h-cp¶ sNdp-InS tXm«w
sXmgn-em-fn-IÄ, Irjn-¡mÀ, £oc-IÀj-IÀ, F¶n-hÀs¡Ãmw ]pXp-Xmbn
s]³j³ GÀs¸-Sp-¯n. {]hm-kn-IÄ¡v th-n cmPy-¯m-Zy-ambn Hcp t£a-
n[n nbaw sIm-p-h-cm³ ap¡v Ign-ªp. ap¸-Xve-£-¯n¸cw {]hmkn
ae-bm-fn-IÄ¡v {]tbm-Pw sN¿p¶ hn[-¯n-emWv {]hmkn t£a-n[n S-
¸m¡p-¶-Xv.

3. 3
tI{µ-am--Z-Þ-{]-Imcw ]¯ve-£-¯n NnÃzmw IpSpw-_-§Ä am{X-amWv
_n.]n.-FÂ. enÌn hcn-I. F¶mÂ, Aim-kv{Xo-b-amb B amZÞ-aÃ
]mhs¸-«-hÀ¡v Bp-Iq-ey-§Ä ÂIp¶ Imcy-¯n kwØm kÀ¡mÀ
Ah-ew-_n-¡p-¶-Xv. aÕy-s¯m-gn-em-fn-IÄ, IÀj-I-sXm-gn-em-fn-IÄ apXÂ ]c-¼-
cm-K-X-ta-J-e-bnse apgp-h³ sXmgn-em-fn-I-sfbpw B{i-b-Ip-Spw-_-§-sf-bp-sa-Ãm-
apÄs¸-Sp-¯n sam¯w mev]Xv e£-t¯mfw IpSpw-_-§Ä¡v _n.]n.-FÂ.
Bp-Iq-ey-§Ä ÂIm-mWv S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-¯-Xv. {]oanbw apgp-h³
kÀ¡mÀXs¶ hln-¨p-sIm--mWv Cu hn`m-K-¯nÂs¸« IpSpw-_-§Ä¡v
ka{K BtcmKy C³jp-d³kv ]²Xn S-¸m-¡nbXv. Bh-iy-¯nv tUmIvSÀam-
scbpw gvkp-am-scbpw nb-an¨pw anI¨ ASn-Øm--ku-I-cy-§Ä GÀs¸-Sp-
¯nbpw acp-¶p-IÄ kuP-y-ambn e`y-am-¡nbpw kÀ¡m-cm-ip-]-{Xn-Isf kpk-
Ö-am-¡m³ Ign-ªp.
c-v cq] nc-¡n tdj-cn e`y-am-¡p-¶ ]²Xn hn]p-e-s¸-Sp-¯n. n_-Ô--
IÄ¡v hnt[-b-ambn _n.]n.-FÂ þ F.]n.-FÂ hyXym-k-an-ÃmsX S-¸m-¡p-I-bm-
Wn-t¸mÄ. sam¯w Fgp-]Xv e£-t¯mfw ImÀUp-S-a-I-fn Adp-]Xv e£-
t¯mfw IpSpw-_-§-fm-Wn-Xnsâ KpW-t`m-àm-¡Ä.
ap³ `c-W-Im-e¯v tIcfw hyh-km-b-§-fpsS acp-¸-d¼mbn ]cn-W-an-¨n-cp-¶p.
F¶m hnhn[ S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn¨v hyh-kmb hfÀ¨¡v A´-co-£-sam-cp-
¡m³ Cu Ime-b-f-hn km[y-ambn. ]q«n-bn-«n-cp¶ hyh-km-b-im-e-IÄ
Xpd¶p. jvS-¯n-em-bn-cp¶ hyh-km-b-§Ä ]px-kw-L-Sn-¸n-¨p. jvS-¯n-em-
bn-cp¶ s]mXp-ta-Jem hyh-km-b-§Ä em`-¯n-em¡n. tI{µ s]mXp-ta-J-e-bp-
ambn tNÀ¶v nch[n kwbpà kwcw-`-§Ä XpS-§n. ]¯v s]mXp-ta-Jem
hyh-km-b-im-e-IÄ ]pXp-Xmbn Bcw-`n-¨p. 883 tImSn cq] sNe-h-gn-¨p-sIm-v
s]mXp-ta-J-em-hy-h-km-b-§Ä ho-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw 70 tImSn cq] jvS-¯n-em-bn-
cp¶ Cu Øm]--§Ä sam¯w 240 tImSn cq] em`-ap--m-¡p¶ ØnXn-bn-se-
¯n-¨p. sNdp-InS hyh-km-b-ta-J-e-bnepw h³In-S-þ-C-S-¯cw hyh-kmb taJ-e-
I-fn-ep-ambn Ht¶-ap-¡m e£w ]pXnb sXmgn-e-h-kcw krjvSn-¨p.
sFSn, SqdnkwþtaJ-e-I-fn A`q-X-]qÀh-amb hfÀ¨-bmWv Ignª A©v
hÀj-¯n-n-S-bn D-m-b-Xv. BtKm-f-km-¼-¯nI amµy-¯nsâ kml-N-cy-
¯nepw Cu c-v taJ-e-bnepw à apt¶-ä-ap--m-bn. sFSn ASn-Øm

4. 4
kuIcyw A©v aS-§mbn hÀ[n-¨p. ]Xn-m-bn-c-¡-W-¡nv sXmgn-e-h-k-c-§Ä
krjvSn¨p. sSIvtm-]mÀ¡npw C³t^m-]mÀ¡npw ]pdsa tImgn-t¡mSv
tI{µo-I-cn¨v ssk_À]mÀ¡v Øm]n-¨p. ssk_À ]mÀ¡nsâ Iogn tImgn-
t¡m«pw I®q-cnepw (Fcaw) ImkÀt¡m«pw (Nota-n) sFSn ]mÀ¡p-IfpsS
nÀ½mWw XpS-§n. sImÃw PnÃ-bnse Ip--d-bnepw Be-¸pg PnÃbnse
tNÀ¯-e-bnepw XriqÀ PnÃ-bnse sImc-«n-bnepw sFSn ]mÀ¡v Bcw-`n-¨p.
tIcfw Im¯n-cn-¡p¶ kvamÀSvknän ]²Xn bmYmÀ°y-am-hp-I-bm-Wv. C³t^m-
]mÀ¡v hn«pÂI-Ww, Fd-Wm-Ipfw PnÃ-bn aäv sF.Sn. ]mÀ¡p-IÄ ]mSn-Ã,
qtd-¡À `qan {^otlmÄUv ÂI-Ww, 33000 t]À¡p-am-{Xta sXmgn ÂIm-
mhq Fs¶-Ãm-apÅ ]gb hyh-Ø-IÄ Hgn-hm-¡n-bmWv kvamÀSvknän S-¸m-hp-
¶-Xv. C{X Øe¯v sF.Sn Bh-iy-¯n-pÅ sI«nSw thW-sa-¶pw, AXv
C¶n¶ Ime-L-«-¯n ]qÀ¯n-bm-¡-W-sa¶pw IcmÀ ewLn-¨m `qan Xncn-
s¨-Sp-¡p-sa¶pw hyhØ sNbvXp-sIm--mWv Ct¸mÄ kvamÀSvknän S-¸m-¡p-
¶-Xv. Hcp-e£w t]À¡v sXmgn e`n-¡m³ X¡-hn-[-¯n C³t^m-]mÀ¡v
hnI-kn-¨p-sIm--n-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv.
]me-¡mSv sdbnÂth Unhn-j³ hn`-Pn-¡p¶ L«-¯n kwØm
Kh¬saâv S¯nb ià-amb kaÀ±s¯ XpSÀ¶v ]me-¡m«v tIm¨v
^mIvSdn Ap-h-Zn-¡m³ tI{µw nÀ_-²-am-bn. tIm¨v ^mIvS-dn-¡m-h-iy-amb
Øew apgp-h³ kwØm kÀ¡mÀ e`y-am-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. F¶mÂ,
tIm¨v ^mIvS-dn-bpsS nÀam-W-{]-hr¯n Bcw-`n-¡m³ S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-¡msX
AmØ ImWn-¡p-I-bmWv tI{µ sdbnÂth a{´m-e-bw. sIm¨n sat{Sm
sdbn ]²Xn S-¸m-¡p-¶-Xnv Ignª mev hÀj-ambn nc-´-c-{iaw S-¯n-
h-cn-I-bm-Wv. AXnsâ ^e-ambn ]²-Xn¡v tI{µ-K-h¬saânsâ ApIqe ne-
]m-Sp--m-¡m³ Ign-ªp. F¶m tI{µ-þ-kw-Øm kwbp-à-kw-cw-`-ambn
sat{Sm ]²Xn S-¸m-¡-W-sa¶ ½psS Bhiyw AwKo-I-cn-¡-s¸-«p-I-gn-ªn-
«nÃ. sat{Sm ]²-Xn-bpambn _Ô-s¸«v tdmUv hoXn-Iq-«Â, ta¸mew
nÀamWw F¶o ]²-Xn-IÄ kwØm kÀ¡mÀ tcn«v Gsä-Sp¯v S-¸m-¡p-
I-bmWv. I®qÀ hnam--¯m-hf nÀ½m-W-¯nv Øew apgp-h³ Gsä-Sp-¡p-
Ibpw nÀam-W-{]-hr¯n XpS-§p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
hngnªw ]²Xn S-¸m-¡p-¶-Xnv ]Ým-¯-e-sam-cp-§n-¡-gn-ªp. ]²-Xn-bp-
ambn _Ô-s¸« ASn-Øm kuI-cy-hn-I-kw 450 tImSn cq] sNe-hnÂ
kwØm kÀ¡mÀ tcn«v S-¸m-¡p-I-bm-Wv. tImhfw apX ote-izcw

5. 5
hsc Pe-]mX hnI-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-pÅ {]hr-¯n-IÄ hen-sbm-c-f-thmfw
apt¶m«p sIm-p-t]m-Im³ Ign-ªp. sImÃw þ tIm«¸pdw tZiob Pe-]mX
I½o-j³ sNbvXp.
apÃ-s¸-cn-bmÀ {]iv-¯n ½psS Xmev]cyw kwc-£n-¡m³ AXo-h-Pm{K-X-
tbmsS {]hÀ¯n-¡m³ kwØm kÀ¡m-cnv Ign-ªp. AWs¡«v ZpÀ_-e-am-
bn-cn-¡p¶p AXn-m Pe-n-c¸v hÀ[n-¸n-¡-cpXv F¶ ½psS hmZw AwKo-I-
cn-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bm-Wv. ]pXnb AW-s¡«v ]Wnb-W-sa¶ Xocp-am--sa-Sp¯v S-]-Sn-
I-fp-ambn apt¶m«p t]mhp-I-bmWv mw.
]mh-s¸« `qc-lnX IpSpw-_-§Ä¡v `qan e`y-am-¡p-I, `h--c-lnX IpSpw_-
§Ä¡v hoSv e`y-am-¡p-I, FÃm IpSpw-_-¯npw shÅhpw shfn-¨hpw e`y-am-
¡pI F¶ e£y-t¯msS ka-{K-amb ]²Xn ]qÀ¯o-I-c-W-¯n-te¡v o§p-I-
bm-Wv. C.Fw.-F-kv. k¼qÀ® `h--]-²-Xnbpw Fw.F³. e£w-hoSv ho-I-cW
]²-Xnbpw cmPy-¯n-msI amXr-I-bm-hp-I-bm-Wv. hoSv sh¡m³ `qan CÃm¯
IpSpw-_-§Ä¡v `qanbpw hoSpw ÂIp-¶p. Cu ]²Xn ]qÀ¯n-bm-Ip-t¼mÄ
FÃm IpSpw-_-¯npw hoSpÅ cmPys¯ BZy kwØm--amIpw tIc-fw.
aq¶p e£-t¯mfw `h--c-lnX IpSpw-_-§Ä¡v CXnIwXs¶ hoSv e`y-am-
¡n-¡-gn-ªp. `qanbpw hoSp-an-Ãm¯ H¶c e£-t¯mfw IpSpw-_-§Ä¡v
`qanbpw hoSpw e`y-am-¡m³ S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-¯p.
`qc-ln-XÀ¡v `qan-e-`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn h¼n¨ apt¶-ä-amWv Cu Ime-b-f-hn-ep--m-
b-Xv. H¶-c-e-£-¯n¸cw IpSpw-_-§Ä¡v ]«-btam ssIh-im-h-Im-i-tc-Jtbm
ÂIn. `qan Aym-[o--s¸« BZn-hmkn IpSpw-_-§Ä¡v Htc-¡À `qan-hoXw
ÂIp¶ ]²Xn ]qÀ¯o-I-c-W-¯n-te¡v o§p-I-bm-Wv. Aym-[o--s¸«
kÀ¡mÀ `qan hos--Sp-¡p-¶-Xn sFXn-lm-kn-I-amb apt¶-ä-amWv Cu Ime-
b-f-hn D-m-b-Xv. aq¶m-dnÂam{Xw ]´o-cm-bn-c-¯n¸cw G¡À `qan hos--
Sp-¯p.
FÃm {Kma-¯nepw am{X-a-Ã, FÃm ho«nepw sshZypXn F¯p¶ BZy- kw-Øm-
hpw tIc-f-am-Wv. GXmpw amk-§Ä¡Iw k¼qÀ® sshZyp-Xo-I-cWw S-
¸m-¡p-I-bmWv ½psS kwØm--¯v. AXnsâ apt¶m-Sn-bmbn ]me-¡m-Sv, Be-
¸p-g, XriqÀ, Fd-Wm-Ipfw PnÃ-IÄ k¼qÀ® sshZyp-Xo-IrX PnÃ-Ifmbn
{]Jym-]n-¡-s¸-«p-I-gn-ªp. tI{µ sshZypXnhnlnXw ]Ip-Xn-tbmfw Ipd-¨n«pw

6. 6
]hÀ¡«pw temUvsj-Ín-§p-an-ÃmsX A©v hÀjhpw apt¶m«v t]mIm³
Ignªp. sshZypXn NmÀPv hÀ[n-¸n-¡m¯ GI kwØm-w. 204 saKm-hm«v
sshZypXn A[n-I-ambn Dev]m-Zn-¸n-¡mpw 21e£w ]pXnb IW-£³
ÂImpw Ign-ªp.
tI{µ-¯nsâ sXämb km¼-¯nI b-§-fpsS ^e-ambn cmPy-sa§pw ntXym-
]-tbmK km[--§-fpsS hne-¡-bäw cq£-am-Wv. XnI¨pw D]-t`m-àr-kw-Øm--
am-bn«pw tIc-f-¯n hne-¡-b-ä-¯nsâ cq£X Ipd-¡m³ Ignªp. cmPys¯
atäXv kwØm--t¯bpw At]-£n¨v hne-¡-b-ä-¯nsâ tXmXv Ipd-hm-Wv tIc-
f-¯nÂ. s]mXp-hn-X-cWw iàn-s¸-Sp-¯n-s¡m--v, DZm-c-amb k_vknUn
ÂIn hn]Wn CS-s]-SÂ hn]p-e-s¸-Sp-¯n-s¡m--mWv hne-¡-bäw Hcp]cn-[n-
hsc ]nSn-¨p-nÀ¯m³ IgnªXv. hne-¡-bäw XS-bm³ kss¹-tImhpw
I¬kyq-aÀs^Upw A`n--µ-o-b-amb {]hÀ¯--amWv ImgvN-sh-¨-Xv. c-v
cq] nc-¡n tdj--cn, tdj³ IS-IÄ hgn aäv 13 ntXym-]-tbmK km[--
§ÄIqSn ymb-hn-e-bv¡v F¶n-§-s-bpÅ ]²-Xn-IÄ hnP-b-I-c-ambn S-¸m-
¡n-h-cp-¶p. AtX-k-a-bw, Ip¯s sh«n-¡p-d¨ F.]n.-FÂ. tdj--cn-hn-lnXw
]px-Øm-]n-¡m³ tI{µ-kÀ¡mÀ X¿m-dm-bn-«n-Ã. k_vkn-Un-IÄ ÂInbpw
s]mXp-hn-X-c-W-irw-Je iàn-s¸-Sp-¯nbpw hne-¡-bäw XS-bm³ kwØm
Kh¬saâv ]cn-{i-an-¡p-t¼mÄ tscadn-¨pÅ kao-]--amWv tI{µ-¯n-tâ-Xv.
s]t{Sm-fnbw Dev]-¶-§-fpsS hne-hÀ[n-¸n¨v P-Po-hnXw ZpÊ-l-am-¡p¶
kao]--amWv tI{µw kzoI-cn-¨-Xv.
A©v hÀjw-ap¼v k¼qÀ® XIÀ¨-bn-em-bn-cp¶ sI.F-kv.-BÀ.-Sn.-kn. C¶v
IS-s¡-Wn-bnÂn¶v Gsd-¡psd tamNn-X-ambn kzbw-]-cym-]vX-X-bn-te¡v IpXn-
¡p¶ Xc-¯n hfÀ¨-bn-em-Wv. {]Xn-hÀjw Bbncw ]pXnb _Êp-IÄ nc-
¯n-en-d¡n {Sm³kvt]mÀ«vcwKs¯ s]mXp-ta-Jem ]¦m-fn¯w 13Ân¶v 27 iX-
am--ambn hÀ[n-¸n-¡m³ Ign-ªp.
An-Ýn-X-Xz-¯n-em-bn-cp¶ P¸m³ IpSn-shÅ ]²-Xn DÄs¸sS ]qÀ¯o-I-cn¨v
ap¸Xv e£-t¯mfw t]À¡v ]pXp-Xmbn IpSn-sh-Å-sa-¯n-¡m³ Pe-hn-`h hIp-
¸nv km[n-¨p. 222 sNdp-InS ]²-Xn-Ifpw 69 h³InS IpSn-shÅ ]²-Xn-Ifpw
]qÀ¯o-I-cn¨v Pe-hn-X-c-W-cw-K¯v hen-sbmcp IpXn-¨p-Nm«wXs¶-bp--m-¡n.

7. 7
{Ia-k-am-[m--¯n cmPy¯v H¶mw-Ømw ssIh-cn-¡mpw P-ssa{Xn
s]meokv kwhn-[m--¯n-eqsS cmPy-¯n-msI amXr-I-Im-«mpw km[n-¨-Xn-p-
]pdsa s]meo-kns Imem-p-krXw ho-I-cn-¡mpw Ign-ªp.
]cn-ØnXn kwc-£n-¨p-sIm-pw hbÂn-I-¯Â XS-ªp-sIm-pw h-hn-
kvXrXn hÀ[n-¸n-¨p-sIm--p-amWv kwØm-¯v ka-{K-amb hnI-k ]²-Xn-IÄ
S-¸m-¡n-b-sb-¶Xv A`n-am--I-c-am-Wv. A©v hÀjw-sIm-v kwØm-s¯
n£n]vX h-`q-an-bpsS hnkvXrXn mev iX-am--t¯mfw hÀ[n-¸n-¡m³
km[n¨p. Irjn-`q-ansb kwc-£n-¡m³ S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-¯p. ]cn-Øn-Xn¡v BLm-
X-am-Ip¶ Hcp nÀ½m-W-{]-hr-¯nbpw Ap-h-Zn-¡n-sö IÀi ne-]mSv
kzoI-cn-¨p.
kmaq-ly-t£-a-cw-K¯v cmPy-¯n-msI amXr-I-bm-Ip¶ ]-Sn-I-fmWv kzoI-cn-
¨Xv. ]«nWn ]qÀW-ambpw nÀamÀPw sN¿p-¶-Xnv km[n-¨p. F³tUm-
kÄ^m³ Zpcn-X-_m-[n-XÀ¡v c-m-bncw cq]-hsc {]Xn-amk s]³jpw
kuPy tdjpw kuPy NnIn-Õm-kw-hn-[m-hpw GÀs¸-Sp-¯n. F®m-bn-c-
t¯mfw ]pXnb AwK³hm-Sn-IÄ Bcw-`n-¡p-Ibpw B taJ-e-bn am{Xw ]Xn-
m-dm-bn-c-t¯m-fw-t]À¡v ]pXp-Xmbn sXmgn ÂIp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
kÀ¡mÀ kÀho-kn nb-a--n-tcm-[w ]n³h-en-¡p-Ibpw ap¸-Xn-m-bn-c-
¯n¸cw ]pXnb XkvXn-I-IÄ krjvSn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]n.F-kv.-kn.-hgn
H¶-c-e-£-¯n¸cwt]À¡v nb-a-w ÂIn. Poh--¡mÀ¡v £ma-_¯
IrXy-k-a-b¯v ÂIp-Ibpw A©v hÀj-¯n-sem-cn-¡Â i¼-f-]-cn-jv¡-c-W-
sa¶ XXz-¯n Dd-¨p-n-¶p-sIm-v H¼Xmw i¼-f-]-cn-jv¡-cWw S-¸m-¡p-
Ibpw sNbvXp. s]³j³ImÀ¡v sa¨-s¸« Bp-Iq-ey-§Ä Dd-¸m-¡n. Hscmä
Znh-kw-t]mepw {Sjdn AS-¨n-Sm-sX, km¼-¯nI sRcp¡w ]qÀW-ambpw CÃm-
Xm-¡n-s¡m-v t£a-{]-hÀ¯--§fpw hnI-k--{]-hÀ¯--§fpw ià-ambn
apt¶m-«p-sIm--p-t]m-Im³ Ign-ªp. am{X-a-Ã, aqe-[ nt£-]-¯n Gsd
{i²-]-Xn-¸n-¡m³ Ign-ªp-sh-¶Xpw {it²-b-am-Wv. Ay kwØm-, Ay
cmPy tem«-dn-IÄ tI{µ nb-a-¯nsâ ]n³_-e-¯n tIc-f-¯nÂn¶v Hmtcm
Znh-khpw tImSn-¡-W-¡nv cq]-bmWv nb-a-hn-cp² amÀK-§-fn-eqsS NqjWw
sNbvXv sIm-p-t]m-bn-cp-¶-Xv. kwØm kÀ¡mÀ IÀi S-]Sn kzoI-cn-¨-
Xn-s-¯p-SÀ¶v B Nqj-W-¯nv Adp-Xn-h-cp-¯m³ Ign-ªp.

8. 8
t£a--S-]-Sn-I-fpsS Imcy-¯nepw hnI-k--{]-hÀ¯--§-fpsS Imcy-¯nepw
ImÀjn-I-þ-hy-h-km-bn-tIm-ev]m-Zw hÀ[n-¸n-¡p¶ Imcy-¯nepw ]pXnb hnI-k-
-kw-cw-`-§-fpsS Imcy-¯n-ep-saÃmw aps¼-¶-t¯-¡mfpw henb apt¶-ä-ap--m-
¡m³ Ignª A©v hÀj-amWv ]n¶n-Sp¶Xv. Cu ASn-¯-d-bnÂn¶p-sIm-v
FÃm-ta-J-e-bnepw IqSp-XÂ ]ptcm-KXn ssIh-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-pÅ IÀa-]-²XnIÄ
apt¶m«p sh¨p-sIm--mWv FÂ.-Un.-F-^v. hcp¶ Xnc-sª-Sp-¸ns tcn-Sp-
¶Xv.
sXmgn-en-Ãm-bvabv¡v AdpXn hcp-¯p-¶-Xnv sF.Sn. DÄs¸sS kwL-SnX taJ-e-
bn A©v e£w DÄs¸sS 25 e£w sXmgn-e-h-kcw krjvSn-¡p-sa¶v CS-Xp-
]£ Pm-[n-]-Xy-ap-¶-Wn-bpsS {]I-S ]{Xn-I-bn Dd¸v ÂIp-¶p. Ct¸mÄ
400 cq]-bmbn DbÀ¯nb t£a-s]³j³ Bbncw cq]-bmbn hÀ[n-¸n-¡p-I,
Akw-L-SnX taJ-e-bn-epw aq¶pamks¯ i¼-f-t¯m-sS-bpÅ {]k-hm-h[n,
XpS§n apgp-h³ tIc-fo-b-cp-sSbpw t£ahpw ka-{K-hn-I-k-hpw Dd¸v hcp-
¯p¶ ]²-Xn-I-fmWv FÂ.-Un.-F-^v. hn`m-hw sNbvXn-«p-Å-Xv. Hmtcm h-PmX
inip-hn-sâbpw t]cn ]Xn-m-bncw cq]-bpsS Ønc-n-t£]w S¯n `mhn-
kp-c£ Dd-¸m-¡p-¶-Xnv C¡-gnª kwØm _P-än nÀt±-in-¡-s¸«
Imcyhpw kvac-Wo-b-am-Wv.
k¨mÀ I½n-än dnt¸mÀ«-p-k-cn¨v yq-]£ t£a-{]-hÀ¯--§Ä Gähpw Ã
ne-bn S-¸m-¡n-bXv tIc-f-am-Wv. Hcp yq-]£ t£a-h-Ip¸v Xs¶ cq]o-I-
cn-¡p-Ibpw a{ZkmA[ym-]I s]³j³ ]²Xn S-¸m-¡p-Ibpw aÕ-c-]-co-£-
IÄ¡v yq-]£ hnZymÀ°n-Isf ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡p-¶-Xnv {]tXyI Øm]--
§Ä XpS-§p-Ibpw kvtImfÀjn-¸p-Ifpw Xma-kn¨p ]Tn-¡p-¶-Xn-pÅ {Kmâpw
ÂIp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
A©v hÀjs¯ `c-W-t-«-§Ä DbÀ¯n-¸n-Sn¨v XnIª A`n-am--t¯m-sSbpw
Bß-hn-izm-k-t¯msS Hä-s¡-«mbn FÂ.-Un.-F-^v. Xnc-sª-Sp-¸ns tcn-
SpIbmWv. FÂ.-Un.-F-^v. hnPbw BhÀ¯n-¡p-¶-Xnv kml-N-cy-§Ä kÖ-
am-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. Ã `qcn-]-£-t¯msS ho-pw FÂ.-Un.-F-^v. A[n-Im-c-¯n-
se¯pw. P-§Ä AXm-Wm-{K-ln-¡p-¶-Xv. t£a-¯n-sâbpw hnI-k--¯n-
sâbpw kam-[m--¯n-sâbpw kphÀ®-Imew XpS-cp-¶-Xn-p-th--n- CS-Xp-]£
Pm-[n-]-Xy-ap-¶Wn ØmmÀ°n-IÄ¡v n§-fpsS hne-tb-dnb thm«v ÂIn
hnP-bn-¸n-¡-W-sa¶v khn-bw A`yÀ°n-¡p-¶p.