Innovative Teaching Manual 
Name of the student teacher : Vineetha Mol. R Standard : VIII 
Name of the School : St.Mary’s H.S.S. Vizhinjam Division : 
Subject : Social Science Strength : 
Unit : C¥y≥ tZiob {]ÿmw Duration : 45 Minutes 
Subunit : Pmen-b≥ hmem-mKv Date : 
curricular statement 
N¿®, nco-£Ww F∂n-h-bn-eqsS tZi-o-b kzmX{¥y ka-c-N-cn-{X-Øn¬ Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´- 
s°m-e-bpsS {]m[m-ysØ A[ym-]nI Ip´n-Iƒ°p a-€n-em°n sImSp-°p-∂p. 
{]ivw : kmwkv°m-cnI Xn-a-sb- Ipd®pw AXns‚ kzmX-{¥y-hn-Im-k-sØbpw Ipdn-®p-ap≈ 
[mc-W-°p-d-hv. 
D]-{]ivw : Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°m-esb Ipdn-®p≈ Adn-hn-√m-bva. 
learning objectives / outcomes 
1) C-¥y≥ tZiob {]ÿm Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°m-e-bpsS {]m[myw IqSn 
Adn-bp-∂-Xn-v. 
2) Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°m-ebv°p Imc-W-sa-¥m-sW∂v Ip´n hni-I-ew sNøp-∂-Xn-v.
3. Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°m-e-bn¬ {_n´o-jp-Im¿°p≈ ]¶v Ip´n Ah-tem-Iw sNøp-∂-Xn-v. 
4. due‰v nb-aw Fs¥∂v Ip´n hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-v. 
5. due‰v nb-a--Øn-s-Xnsc t]mcm-Snb tXm-°-Σmsc Ip´n Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn-v. 
6. due‰v nb-a--Øn-s-Xnsc {]Xn-I-cn® Km‘n-Pn-bpsS ]¶v Ip´n hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xnv. 
7. Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°me S-∂Xv F∂m-sW∂v Ip´n Hm¿Øp-]-d-bp-∂-Xn-v. 
8. Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°m-e-bpsS A-¥-c-^-e-߃ Ip´n hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-v. 
Content Analysis 
Terms Pmen-b≥hm-em-m-Kv, kzbw-`-c-Ww, ]ucm-h-Im-iw, due‰v nb-aw. tZiob {]ÿm-w, 
Bfl-Xym-Kw. 
Name Km‘n-Pn, P-d¬Ub¿, tUm.-k-Xy-]m¬, cho-{μ-mY SmtKm¿, tUm.-ssk-^p-Zo≥ In®vep. 
Date -1919 G{]n¬ 13 
Facts 1) -kzbw-`-cWw ¬Im-sa∂v bp≤-Im-eØv hmKvZmw sNbvX {_n´o-jp-Im¿ ]ucm-h-Imiw 
ntj-[n-°p∂ b-ß-fpw, nb-a-ß-fp-amWv S-Πn-em-°n-b-Xv. 
2) GsXm-cn-¥ym-°m-c-tbpw ImcWw IqSmsX AdÃp sNøm-pw, hnNm-cW IqSmsX XS-hn-en- 
Smpw Kh¨sa‚nv A[n-Imcw ¬Inb H∂mWv due‰v nb--a-w.
3) C¥ym-°m-cpsS ]ucm-h-Im-isØ ln-°p-∂-XmWv due‰v nb-aw. 
4) due‰v nb-a-Øn-s-Xnsc ]©m-n¬ ka-c-߃°v tXrXzw ¬In-bn-cp-∂-Xv. tUm.-k-Xy- 
]m¬, tUm.-ssk-^p-±o≥ In®nep F∂n-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p. 
5) tUm.-k-Xy-]m¬, tUm.-ssk-^p-±o≥ In®vep F∂n-hsc AdÃv sNbvX-Xn¬ {]Xn-tj-[n- 
®mWv P-߃ kam-[m--]-c-ambn Pmen-b≥hmem-m-Kn¬ kt½-fn-®-Xv. 
6) 1919 G{]n¬ 13 v sshIp-t∂cw Bbn-cp∂p Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°me S-∂-Xv. 
7) Cu Iq´-s°m-e-bpsS {]Xn-tj-[-Øns‚ `mK-ambn alm-Ihn cho-{μ-mY SmtKm¿ {_n´o-jp- 
Im¿ ¬Inb k¿ ]Zhn Dt]-£n-®p. 
8) {_n´ojv hncp-≤-hn-Imcw Bfn-°-Øp-Ibpw tZio-b-{]-ÿmw i‡-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. 
9) Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°m-e-bpsS ^e-ambn kzmX-{¥y-k-ac {]t£m-`-ß-fn¬ P-]-¶m-fnØw 
D≠m-bn. 
10) apsº-ßp-an-√mØ hn[w P-]-¶m-fnØw kzmX-{¥y-k-ac {]t£m-`-ß-fn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. 
11) Pmen-b≥hm-em-m-Kn¬ HØp-Iq-Snb P-ß-fpsS Bfl-Xym-K-Øns‚ IqSn ^e-amWv 
C¥ybpsS kzmX-{¥yw.
Concept tZiob kzmX{¥y ka-c-N-cn-{X-Ønse n¿Wm-bI kw`-h-ß-fn¬ H∂m-bn-cp∂p 
Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°m-e. 
Pre-requisites Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°m-e-sb-Π‰n Ip´nbv°v tI´-dn-hp-≠v. 
Teaching learning Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°m-e-bpsS kvamc-I-Øns‚ Nn{Xw, due‰v nb-asØ 
resources Ipdn-°p∂ Nm¿´v, AdÃv sNø-sΠ´ ka-c-tk-m-n-I-fpsS t]cp-I-f-S-ßnb 
π°m¿Uv Pmen-b≥hmem-mKv Iq´-s°m-esb Ipdn-®p≈ hoUn-tbm. 
Classroom Interaction Procedure Pupils Response 
Introduction 
Pmen-b≥hmem-mKv Iq´-s°m-e-bpsS kvamc-I-Øns‚ 
Nn{Xw A[ym-]nI Ip´n-Iƒ°v ImWn®p sImSp-°p-∂p. Ip´n-Iƒ Nn{Xw 
{i≤n-°p∂p
Nn{X-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm--Øn¬ A[ym-]nI Nne tNmZy-߃ 
Ip´n-ItfmSp tNmZn-°p-∂p. 
N¿®m-kq-NIw 
1) CXv GXv kvamc-I-Øns‚ Nn{X-sa∂v Adn-bmtam? 
2) Cu kvamcIw F¥ns‚ Hm¿½-bv°mbn n¿½n-®-Xm-sW∂v 
Adn-bmtam? 
t{ImUo-I-cWw 
• Pmen-b≥hmem-mKv Iq´-s°me S-∂-Xns‚ Hm¿½-bv°mbn 
n¿½n® kvamc-I-am-Wv. 
• 1919 G{]n¬ 13 mWv Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°me S-∂-Xv. 
Ip´n-Iƒ N¿® sNøp-∂p. 
Ip´n-Iƒ {i≤m-]q¿Æw 
tIƒ°p∂p
Activity - 1 
due‰v nb-asØ Ipdn-°p∂ Nm¿´v A[ym-]nI Ip´n-Iƒ°v 
ImWn-®psImSp°p-∂p. 
due‰v nbaw 
GsXm-cn-¥ym-°m-c-sbpw ImcWw IqSm-sX 
AdÃv sNømpw hnNm-cW IqSmsX XS-hn-en-Smpw 
Kh¨sa‚nv A[n-Imcw ¬Ip∂ nb-a-amWv 
due‰v nb-aw. 
Nm¿´ns‚ ASn-ÿm--Øn¬ A[ym-]nI Ip´n-I-tfmSp N¿® 
sNøm≥ Bh-iy-sΠ-Sp-∂p. 
N¿®m-kq-NIw 
1) due‰v nbaw F∂m-se¥v? 
2) due‰v nb-a-{]-Imcw Bsc-bmWv AdÃv sNbvXXv? 
Ip´n-Iƒ Nm¿´v 
{i≤n-°p∂p 
Ip´n-Iƒ N¿® sNbvXv 
Fgp-Xp∂p
t{ImUo-I-cWw 
Ý kzbw-`-cWw ¬Im-sa∂v bp≤-Im-eØv hmKvZmw sNbvX {_n´o-jp-Im¿ 
]ucm-h-Imiw ntj-[n-°p∂ b-ßfpw nb-a-ß-fp-amWv S-Πn-em-°nbn 
cp∂-Xv. 
Ý ]ucm-h-Imiw ntj-[n-°p∂ b-ßfpw nb-a-ßfpw S-Πn-em-°n-b-Xn¬ 
{]Xn-tj-[n-®mWv due‰v nbaw D≠m-b-Xv. 
Ý Cu nbaw GsXm-cn-¥ym-°m-c-tbpw ImcWw IqSmsX AdÃp sNømpw 
hnNm-cW IqSmsX XS-hn-en-Smpw Kh¨sa‚nv {_n´o-jp-Im¿ A[n-Imcw ¬In 
CXns due‰v nbaw F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. 
Ý C¥ym-°m-cpsS ]ucm-h-Im-isØ ln-°p∂ due‰v nb-a-Øn-s-Xnsc Km‘nPn 
ka-cm-lzmw S-Øn. 
Ý ]©m-n¬ kacw AXn i‡-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. 
Activity - 2 
AdÃp sNø-sΠ´ ka-c-tk-m-n-I-fpsS t]cp-I-f-S-ßnb π°m¿Uv 
A[ym-]nI Ip´n-Iƒ°v ImWn®p sImSp-°p-∂p. 
AdÃv sNø-s¸´ ka-c-tk-m-n-Iƒ 
n tUm.-k-Xy-]m¬ 
n tUm.-ssk-^p-Zo≥ In®vep 
Ip´n-Iƒ {i≤m-]q¿Æw 
tIƒ°p∂p 
Ip´n-Iƒ π°m¿Uv 
{i≤n-°p∂p
π°m¿Uns‚ ASn-ÿm--Øn¬ A[ym-]nI Ip´n-I-tfmSp 
N¿®-sN-øm≥ Bh-iy-sΠ-Sp-∂p. 
N¿®m-kq-NIw 
1) ]-©m-n¬ Bsc-sb√mw due‰v nb-a-{]-Imcw AdÃv 
sNbvXp. 
2) ]©m-n¬ kacw AXn-i-‡-am-Im-p≈ Imc-W-sa¥v? 
t{ImUo-I-cWw 
Ý due‰v nb-a-Øn-s-Xnsc {]Xn-tj[w i‡-ambn. 
Ý ]©m-n¬ kacw AXn-i-‡-ambn 
Ý ]©m-n¬ due‰v hncp≤ ka-c-߃°v tXrXzw 
sImSp-Ø-h¿ Bbn-cp∂p tUm.-k-Xy-]m¬, 
tUm.-ssk-^p-Zo≥ In®vep. 
Ý {_n´ojv t]meokv ta[m-hn-bm-bn-cp∂p P-d¬U-b¿ 
bmsXmcp ap∂-dn-bn-Πp-an-√msX P-°q-´-Ønp tsc 
nd-sbm-gn-°m≥ DØ-c-hn-´p. 
Ý {]Xn-tj-[-Øns‚ `mK-ambn alm-Ihn cho-{μ-mY SmtKm¿ 
“k¿” ÿmw Dt]-£n-®p. 
Ip´n-Iƒ N¿® sNbvXv 
Fgp-Xp∂p 
Ip´n-Iƒ {i≤m-]q¿Æw 
tIƒ°p∂p
Ý {_n´ojv hncp-≤m-[n-Imcw Bfn-°Øn 
Ý tZio-b-{]-ÿmw i‡-am-hp-I-bpw, apsºm-∂p-an-√m-Ø-hn[w 
P-]-¶m-fnØw kzmX-{¥y-k-a-c-{]-t£m-`-ßfn¬ D≠m-bn. 
Ý Cßs tZiob kzmX-{¥y-k-a-c-N-cn-{X-Ønse n¿Wm-bI 
kw`-h-ambn Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°m-e-am-dn. 
Activity- 3 
Pmen-b≥hm-e-mKv Iq´-s°m-esb Ipdn-®p≈ hoUntbm 
A[ym-]nI Ip´n-Iƒ°v ImWn®p sImSp-°p-∂p. 
hoUn-tbmsb Bkv]-Z-am°n A[ym-]nI Ip´n-I-tfmSp N¿® 
sNøm≥ Bh-iy-sΠ-Sp-∂p. 
Ip´n-Iƒ {i≤m-]q¿Æw 
tIƒ°p∂p 
Ip´n-Iƒ {i≤m-]q¿Æw 
tm°p∂p
N¿®m-kq-NIw 
1) Pmen-b≥hm-e-m-Kn¬ Iq´-s°me S-∂-sX∂v? 
2) GXp nb-a-Øn-s-Xnsc {]Xn-tj-[n-°m≥ th≠n-bmWv 
P-߃ Pmen-b≥hm-em-m-Kn¬ HØp IqSn-bXv? 
t{ImUo-I-cWw 
Ý 1919 G{]n¬ 13 p sshIp-t∂cw BWv Pmen-b≥hm-e-mKv Iq´-s°me 
S-∂-Xv. 
Ý due‰v nb-a-Øn-s-Xnsc {]Xn-tj-[w Adn-bn-°m-mWv P-߃ 
Pmen-b≥hm-em-m-Kn¬ HØp-Iq-Sn-b-Xv. 
Ý nbaw IqSmsX GsXm-cn-¥ym-°m-c-tbpw hnNm-c-WI IqSmsX 
XS-hn¬ CSm≥ Kh¨sa‚np A[n-Imcw ¬Ip∂ nb-a-amWv due‰v nb-aw. 
Ý tZiob kzmX-{¥y-k-a-c-Ønse n¿Æm-bI kw`-h-ß-fn¬ H∂m-bn-cp∂p 
Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°m-e. 
Conclusion 
Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°m-esb Ipdn®pw due‰v nb-a-Øns‚ {]tXy-I-Xsb 
Ipdn®pw H∂p-IqsS ]d-™p-sIm≠v A[ym-]nI ¢mkv Ah-km-n-Πn-°p-∂p. 
Ip´n-Iƒ 
N¿®-sNbvXv 
Fgp-Xp∂p 
Ip´n-Iƒ 
{i≤m-]q¿Æw 
tIƒ°p∂p
Review 
1)Pmen-b≥ hmem-mKv Iq´-s°me S-∂Xv GXv h¿jw. ? 
2) GXv nb-a-Øns‚ FXn-cm-bmWv {]Xn-tj[ kt½-fw S-∂Xv ? 
3) due‰v nbaw F∂mse¥v ? 
4) ]©m-n¬ Bsc-sb-√m-amWv due‰v nb-a-{]-Imcw AdÃv sNbvXXv ? 
5) Pmen-b≥ hmem-mKv Iq´-s°me S-°m-p≈ Imc-W-sa¥v? 
Assignment 
Black board Summary 
> Pmen-b≥ hmem-mKv 
> due‰v nbaw 
> tUm.-k-Xy-]m¬ 
> tUm. ssk^p-Zo≥In®vep 
> P-d¬ Ub¿ 
Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°m-ebv°v C¥y≥ kzmX{¥y Ncn-{X-Øn-ep≈ {]m[myw Fs¥√mw? 
Hcp IpdnΠv Xøm-dm-°p-I.?

Innovative teaching manual

  • 1.
    Innovative Teaching Manual Name of the student teacher : Vineetha Mol. R Standard : VIII Name of the School : St.Mary’s H.S.S. Vizhinjam Division : Subject : Social Science Strength : Unit : C¥y≥ tZiob {]ÿmw Duration : 45 Minutes Subunit : Pmen-b≥ hmem-mKv Date : curricular statement N¿®, nco-£Ww F∂n-h-bn-eqsS tZi-o-b kzmX{¥y ka-c-N-cn-{X-Øn¬ Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´- s°m-e-bpsS {]m[m-ysØ A[ym-]nI Ip´n-Iƒ°p a-€n-em°n sImSp-°p-∂p. {]ivw : kmwkv°m-cnI Xn-a-sb- Ipd®pw AXns‚ kzmX-{¥y-hn-Im-k-sØbpw Ipdn-®p-ap≈ [mc-W-°p-d-hv. D]-{]ivw : Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°m-esb Ipdn-®p≈ Adn-hn-√m-bva. learning objectives / outcomes 1) C-¥y≥ tZiob {]ÿm Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°m-e-bpsS {]m[myw IqSn Adn-bp-∂-Xn-v. 2) Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°m-ebv°p Imc-W-sa-¥m-sW∂v Ip´n hni-I-ew sNøp-∂-Xn-v.
  • 2.
    3. Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°m-e-bn¬{_n´o-jp-Im¿°p≈ ]¶v Ip´n Ah-tem-Iw sNøp-∂-Xn-v. 4. due‰v nb-aw Fs¥∂v Ip´n hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-v. 5. due‰v nb-a--Øn-s-Xnsc t]mcm-Snb tXm-°-Σmsc Ip´n Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn-v. 6. due‰v nb-a--Øn-s-Xnsc {]Xn-I-cn® Km‘n-Pn-bpsS ]¶v Ip´n hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xnv. 7. Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°me S-∂Xv F∂m-sW∂v Ip´n Hm¿Øp-]-d-bp-∂-Xn-v. 8. Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°m-e-bpsS A-¥-c-^-e-߃ Ip´n hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-v. Content Analysis Terms Pmen-b≥hm-em-m-Kv, kzbw-`-c-Ww, ]ucm-h-Im-iw, due‰v nb-aw. tZiob {]ÿm-w, Bfl-Xym-Kw. Name Km‘n-Pn, P-d¬Ub¿, tUm.-k-Xy-]m¬, cho-{μ-mY SmtKm¿, tUm.-ssk-^p-Zo≥ In®vep. Date -1919 G{]n¬ 13 Facts 1) -kzbw-`-cWw ¬Im-sa∂v bp≤-Im-eØv hmKvZmw sNbvX {_n´o-jp-Im¿ ]ucm-h-Imiw ntj-[n-°p∂ b-ß-fpw, nb-a-ß-fp-amWv S-Πn-em-°n-b-Xv. 2) GsXm-cn-¥ym-°m-c-tbpw ImcWw IqSmsX AdÃp sNøm-pw, hnNm-cW IqSmsX XS-hn-en- Smpw Kh¨sa‚nv A[n-Imcw ¬Inb H∂mWv due‰v nb--a-w.
  • 3.
    3) C¥ym-°m-cpsS ]ucm-h-Im-isØln-°p-∂-XmWv due‰v nb-aw. 4) due‰v nb-a-Øn-s-Xnsc ]©m-n¬ ka-c-߃°v tXrXzw ¬In-bn-cp-∂-Xv. tUm.-k-Xy- ]m¬, tUm.-ssk-^p-±o≥ In®nep F∂n-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p. 5) tUm.-k-Xy-]m¬, tUm.-ssk-^p-±o≥ In®vep F∂n-hsc AdÃv sNbvX-Xn¬ {]Xn-tj-[n- ®mWv P-߃ kam-[m--]-c-ambn Pmen-b≥hmem-m-Kn¬ kt½-fn-®-Xv. 6) 1919 G{]n¬ 13 v sshIp-t∂cw Bbn-cp∂p Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°me S-∂-Xv. 7) Cu Iq´-s°m-e-bpsS {]Xn-tj-[-Øns‚ `mK-ambn alm-Ihn cho-{μ-mY SmtKm¿ {_n´o-jp- Im¿ ¬Inb k¿ ]Zhn Dt]-£n-®p. 8) {_n´ojv hncp-≤-hn-Imcw Bfn-°-Øp-Ibpw tZio-b-{]-ÿmw i‡-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. 9) Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°m-e-bpsS ^e-ambn kzmX-{¥y-k-ac {]t£m-`-ß-fn¬ P-]-¶m-fnØw D≠m-bn. 10) apsº-ßp-an-√mØ hn[w P-]-¶m-fnØw kzmX-{¥y-k-ac {]t£m-`-ß-fn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. 11) Pmen-b≥hm-em-m-Kn¬ HØp-Iq-Snb P-ß-fpsS Bfl-Xym-K-Øns‚ IqSn ^e-amWv C¥ybpsS kzmX-{¥yw.
  • 4.
    Concept tZiob kzmX{¥yka-c-N-cn-{X-Ønse n¿Wm-bI kw`-h-ß-fn¬ H∂m-bn-cp∂p Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°m-e. Pre-requisites Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°m-e-sb-Π‰n Ip´nbv°v tI´-dn-hp-≠v. Teaching learning Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°m-e-bpsS kvamc-I-Øns‚ Nn{Xw, due‰v nb-asØ resources Ipdn-°p∂ Nm¿´v, AdÃv sNø-sΠ´ ka-c-tk-m-n-I-fpsS t]cp-I-f-S-ßnb π°m¿Uv Pmen-b≥hmem-mKv Iq´-s°m-esb Ipdn-®p≈ hoUn-tbm. Classroom Interaction Procedure Pupils Response Introduction Pmen-b≥hmem-mKv Iq´-s°m-e-bpsS kvamc-I-Øns‚ Nn{Xw A[ym-]nI Ip´n-Iƒ°v ImWn®p sImSp-°p-∂p. Ip´n-Iƒ Nn{Xw {i≤n-°p∂p
  • 5.
    Nn{X-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm--Øn¬ A[ym-]nINne tNmZy-߃ Ip´n-ItfmSp tNmZn-°p-∂p. N¿®m-kq-NIw 1) CXv GXv kvamc-I-Øns‚ Nn{X-sa∂v Adn-bmtam? 2) Cu kvamcIw F¥ns‚ Hm¿½-bv°mbn n¿½n-®-Xm-sW∂v Adn-bmtam? t{ImUo-I-cWw • Pmen-b≥hmem-mKv Iq´-s°me S-∂-Xns‚ Hm¿½-bv°mbn n¿½n® kvamc-I-am-Wv. • 1919 G{]n¬ 13 mWv Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°me S-∂-Xv. Ip´n-Iƒ N¿® sNøp-∂p. Ip´n-Iƒ {i≤m-]q¿Æw tIƒ°p∂p
  • 6.
    Activity - 1 due‰v nb-asØ Ipdn-°p∂ Nm¿´v A[ym-]nI Ip´n-Iƒ°v ImWn-®psImSp°p-∂p. due‰v nbaw GsXm-cn-¥ym-°m-c-sbpw ImcWw IqSm-sX AdÃv sNømpw hnNm-cW IqSmsX XS-hn-en-Smpw Kh¨sa‚nv A[n-Imcw ¬Ip∂ nb-a-amWv due‰v nb-aw. Nm¿´ns‚ ASn-ÿm--Øn¬ A[ym-]nI Ip´n-I-tfmSp N¿® sNøm≥ Bh-iy-sΠ-Sp-∂p. N¿®m-kq-NIw 1) due‰v nbaw F∂m-se¥v? 2) due‰v nb-a-{]-Imcw Bsc-bmWv AdÃv sNbvXXv? Ip´n-Iƒ Nm¿´v {i≤n-°p∂p Ip´n-Iƒ N¿® sNbvXv Fgp-Xp∂p
  • 7.
    t{ImUo-I-cWw Ý kzbw-`-cWw¬Im-sa∂v bp≤-Im-eØv hmKvZmw sNbvX {_n´o-jp-Im¿ ]ucm-h-Imiw ntj-[n-°p∂ b-ßfpw nb-a-ß-fp-amWv S-Πn-em-°nbn cp∂-Xv. Ý ]ucm-h-Imiw ntj-[n-°p∂ b-ßfpw nb-a-ßfpw S-Πn-em-°n-b-Xn¬ {]Xn-tj-[n-®mWv due‰v nbaw D≠m-b-Xv. Ý Cu nbaw GsXm-cn-¥ym-°m-c-tbpw ImcWw IqSmsX AdÃp sNømpw hnNm-cW IqSmsX XS-hn-en-Smpw Kh¨sa‚nv {_n´o-jp-Im¿ A[n-Imcw ¬In CXns due‰v nbaw F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. Ý C¥ym-°m-cpsS ]ucm-h-Im-isØ ln-°p∂ due‰v nb-a-Øn-s-Xnsc Km‘nPn ka-cm-lzmw S-Øn. Ý ]©m-n¬ kacw AXn i‡-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. Activity - 2 AdÃp sNø-sΠ´ ka-c-tk-m-n-I-fpsS t]cp-I-f-S-ßnb π°m¿Uv A[ym-]nI Ip´n-Iƒ°v ImWn®p sImSp-°p-∂p. AdÃv sNø-s¸´ ka-c-tk-m-n-Iƒ n tUm.-k-Xy-]m¬ n tUm.-ssk-^p-Zo≥ In®vep Ip´n-Iƒ {i≤m-]q¿Æw tIƒ°p∂p Ip´n-Iƒ π°m¿Uv {i≤n-°p∂p
  • 8.
    π°m¿Uns‚ ASn-ÿm--Øn¬ A[ym-]nIIp´n-I-tfmSp N¿®-sN-øm≥ Bh-iy-sΠ-Sp-∂p. N¿®m-kq-NIw 1) ]-©m-n¬ Bsc-sb√mw due‰v nb-a-{]-Imcw AdÃv sNbvXp. 2) ]©m-n¬ kacw AXn-i-‡-am-Im-p≈ Imc-W-sa¥v? t{ImUo-I-cWw Ý due‰v nb-a-Øn-s-Xnsc {]Xn-tj[w i‡-ambn. Ý ]©m-n¬ kacw AXn-i-‡-ambn Ý ]©m-n¬ due‰v hncp≤ ka-c-߃°v tXrXzw sImSp-Ø-h¿ Bbn-cp∂p tUm.-k-Xy-]m¬, tUm.-ssk-^p-Zo≥ In®vep. Ý {_n´ojv t]meokv ta[m-hn-bm-bn-cp∂p P-d¬U-b¿ bmsXmcp ap∂-dn-bn-Πp-an-√msX P-°q-´-Ønp tsc nd-sbm-gn-°m≥ DØ-c-hn-´p. Ý {]Xn-tj-[-Øns‚ `mK-ambn alm-Ihn cho-{μ-mY SmtKm¿ “k¿” ÿmw Dt]-£n-®p. Ip´n-Iƒ N¿® sNbvXv Fgp-Xp∂p Ip´n-Iƒ {i≤m-]q¿Æw tIƒ°p∂p
  • 9.
    Ý {_n´ojv hncp-≤m-[n-ImcwBfn-°Øn Ý tZio-b-{]-ÿmw i‡-am-hp-I-bpw, apsºm-∂p-an-√m-Ø-hn[w P-]-¶m-fnØw kzmX-{¥y-k-a-c-{]-t£m-`-ßfn¬ D≠m-bn. Ý Cßs tZiob kzmX-{¥y-k-a-c-N-cn-{X-Ønse n¿Wm-bI kw`-h-ambn Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°m-e-am-dn. Activity- 3 Pmen-b≥hm-e-mKv Iq´-s°m-esb Ipdn-®p≈ hoUntbm A[ym-]nI Ip´n-Iƒ°v ImWn®p sImSp-°p-∂p. hoUn-tbmsb Bkv]-Z-am°n A[ym-]nI Ip´n-I-tfmSp N¿® sNøm≥ Bh-iy-sΠ-Sp-∂p. Ip´n-Iƒ {i≤m-]q¿Æw tIƒ°p∂p Ip´n-Iƒ {i≤m-]q¿Æw tm°p∂p
  • 10.
    N¿®m-kq-NIw 1) Pmen-b≥hm-e-m-Kn¬Iq´-s°me S-∂-sX∂v? 2) GXp nb-a-Øn-s-Xnsc {]Xn-tj-[n-°m≥ th≠n-bmWv P-߃ Pmen-b≥hm-em-m-Kn¬ HØp IqSn-bXv? t{ImUo-I-cWw Ý 1919 G{]n¬ 13 p sshIp-t∂cw BWv Pmen-b≥hm-e-mKv Iq´-s°me S-∂-Xv. Ý due‰v nb-a-Øn-s-Xnsc {]Xn-tj-[w Adn-bn-°m-mWv P-߃ Pmen-b≥hm-em-m-Kn¬ HØp-Iq-Sn-b-Xv. Ý nbaw IqSmsX GsXm-cn-¥ym-°m-c-tbpw hnNm-c-WI IqSmsX XS-hn¬ CSm≥ Kh¨sa‚np A[n-Imcw ¬Ip∂ nb-a-amWv due‰v nb-aw. Ý tZiob kzmX-{¥y-k-a-c-Ønse n¿Æm-bI kw`-h-ß-fn¬ H∂m-bn-cp∂p Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°m-e. Conclusion Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°m-esb Ipdn®pw due‰v nb-a-Øns‚ {]tXy-I-Xsb Ipdn®pw H∂p-IqsS ]d-™p-sIm≠v A[ym-]nI ¢mkv Ah-km-n-Πn-°p-∂p. Ip´n-Iƒ N¿®-sNbvXv Fgp-Xp∂p Ip´n-Iƒ {i≤m-]q¿Æw tIƒ°p∂p
  • 11.
    Review 1)Pmen-b≥ hmem-mKvIq´-s°me S-∂Xv GXv h¿jw. ? 2) GXv nb-a-Øns‚ FXn-cm-bmWv {]Xn-tj[ kt½-fw S-∂Xv ? 3) due‰v nbaw F∂mse¥v ? 4) ]©m-n¬ Bsc-sb-√m-amWv due‰v nb-a-{]-Imcw AdÃv sNbvXXv ? 5) Pmen-b≥ hmem-mKv Iq´-s°me S-°m-p≈ Imc-W-sa¥v? Assignment Black board Summary > Pmen-b≥ hmem-mKv > due‰v nbaw > tUm.-k-Xy-]m¬ > tUm. ssk^p-Zo≥In®vep > P-d¬ Ub¿ Pmen-b≥hm-em-mKv Iq´-s°m-ebv°v C¥y≥ kzmX{¥y Ncn-{X-Øn-ep≈ {]m[myw Fs¥√mw? Hcp IpdnΠv Xøm-dm-°p-I.?