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Innovative Teaching Manual
Name of the student teacher : Vineetha Mol. R Standard : VIII
Name of the School : St.Mary’s H.S.S. Vizhinjam Division :
Subject : Social Science Strength :
Unit : C´y³ tZiob {]Ømw Duration : 45 Minutes
Subunit : Pmen-b³ hmem-_mKv Date :
curricular statement
NÀ¨, nco-£Ww F¶n-h-bn-eqsS tZi-o-b kzmX{´y ka-c-N-cn-{X-¯n Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-
s¡m-e-bpsS {]m[m-ys¯ A[ym-]nI Ip«n-IÄ¡p a-Ên-em¡n sImSp-¡p-¶p.
{]ivw : kmwkv¡m-cnI Xn-a-sb- Ipd¨pw AXnsâ kzmX-{´y-hn-Im-k-s¯bpw Ipdn-¨p-
apÅ [mc-W-¡p-d-hv.
D]-{]ivw : Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-esb Ipdn-¨pÅ Adn-hn-Ãm-bva.
learning objectives / outcomes
1) C-´y³ tZiob {]Øm Ncn-{X-¯n Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-e-bpsS {]m[myw IqSn
Adn-bp-¶-Xn-v.
2) Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-ebv¡p Imc-W-sa-´m-sW¶v hni-I-ew sN¿p-¶-Xn-v.
3. Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-e-bn {_n«o-jp-ImÀ¡pÅ ]¦v Ip«n Ah-tem-Iw sN¿p-¶-Xn-v.
4. dueäv nb-aw Fs´¶v Ip«n hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-v.
5. dueäv nb-a--¯n-s-Xnsc t]mcm-Snb tXm-¡-·msc Ip«n Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶-Xn-v.
6. dueäv nb-a--¯n-s-Xnsc {]Xn-I-cn¨ KmÔn-Pn-bpsS ]¦v Ip«n hyà-am-¡p-¶-Xnv.
7. Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡me S-¶Xv F¶m-sW¶v Ip«n HmÀ¯p-]-d-bp-¶-Xn-v.
8. Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-e-bpsS A-´-c-^-e-§Ä Ip«n hne-bn-cp-¯p-¶-Xn-v.
Content Analysis
Terms Pmen-b³hm-em-_m-Kv, kzbw-`-c-Ww, ]ucm-h-Im-iw, dueäv nb-aw. tZiob {]Øm-w,
Bß-Xym-Kw.
Name KmÔn-Pn, P-dÂUbÀ, tUm.-k-Xy-]mÂ, cho-{µ-mY SmtKmÀ, tUm.-ssk-^p-Zo³ In¨vep.
Date -1919 G{]n 13
Facts 1) -kzbw-`-cWw ÂIm-sa¶v bp²-Im-e¯v hmKvZmw sNbvX {_n«o-jp-ImÀ ]ucm-h-Imiw
ntj-[n-¡p¶ b-§-fpw, nb-a-§-fp-amWv S-¸n-em-¡n-b-Xv.
2) GsXm-cn-´ym-¡m-c-tbpw ImcWw IqSmsX AdÌp sN¿m-pw, hnNm-cW IqSmsX XS-hn-
en-Smpw Kh¬saânv A[n-Imcw ÂInb H¶mWv dueäv nb--a-w.
3) C´ym-¡m-cpsS ]ucm-h-Im-is¯ ln-¡p-¶-XmWv dueäv nb-aw.
4) dueäv nb-a-¯n-s-Xnsc ]©m-_n ka-c-§Ä¡v tXrXzw ÂIn-bn-cp-¶-Xv. tUm.-k-Xy-
]mÂ, tUm.-ssk-^p-±o³ In¨nep F¶n-h-cm-bn-cp-¶p.
5) tUm.-k-Xy-]mÂ, tUm.-ssk-^p-±o³ In¨vep F¶n-hsc AdÌv sNbvX-Xn {]Xn-tj-[n-
¨mWv P-§Ä kam-[m--]-c-ambn Pmen-b³hmem-_m-Kn kt½-fn-¨-Xv.
6) 1919 G{]n 13 v sshIp-t¶cw Bbn-cp¶p Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡me S-¶-Xv.
7) Cu Iq«-s¡m-e-bpsS {]Xn-tj-[-¯nsâ `mK-ambn alm-Ihn cho-{µ-mY SmtKmÀ {_n«o-jp-
ImÀ ÂInb kmÀ ]Zhn Dt]-£n-¨p.
8) {_n«ojv hncp-²-hn-Imcw Bfn-¡-¯p-Ibpw tZio-b-{]-Ømw ià-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
9) Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-e-bpsS ^e-ambn kzmX-{´y-k-ac {]t£m-`-§-fn P-]-¦m-
fn¯w D­m-bn.
10) aps¼-§p-an-Ãm¯ hn[w P-]-¦m-fn¯w kzmX-{´y-k-ac {]t£m-`-§-fn D­m-bn-cp-¶p.
11) Pmen-b³hm-em-_m-Kn H¯p-Iq-Snb P-§-fpsS Bß-Xym-K-¯nsâ IqSn ^e-amWv
C´ybpsS kzmX-{´yw.
12) tZiob kzmX{´y ka-c-N-cn-{X-¯nse nÀWm-bI kw`-h-§-fn H¶m-bn-cp¶p Pmen-
b³hmem-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-e.
Concept tZiob kzmX{´y ka-c-N-cn-{X-¯nse nÀWm-bI kw`-h-§-fn H¶m-bn-cp¶p
Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-e.
Pre-requisites Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-e-sb-¸än Ip«nbv¡v tI«-dn-hp-­v.
Teaching learning Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-e-bpsS kvamc-I-¯nsâ Nn{Xw, dueäv nb-as¯
resources Ipdn-¡p¶ NmÀ«v, AdÌv sN¿-s¸« ka-c-tk-m-n-I-fpsS t]cp-I-f-S-§nb
¹¡mÀUv Pmen-b³hmem-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-esb Ipdn-¨pÅ hoUn-tbm.
Classroom Interaction Procedure Pupil Response
Introduction
Pmen-b³hmem-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-e-bpsS kvamc-I-¯nsâ
Nn{Xw A[ym-]nI Ip«n-IÄ¡v ImWn¨p sImSp-¡p-¶p. Ip«n-IÄ Nn{Xw
{i²n-¡p¶p
Nn{X-¯nsâ ASn-Øm--¯n A[ym-]nI Nne tNmZy-§Ä
Ip«n-ItfmSp tNmZn-¡p-¶p.
Nˬm-kq-NIw
1) CXv GXv kvamc-I-¯nsâ Nn{X-sa¶v Adn-bmtam?
2) Cu kvamcIw F´nsâ HmÀ½-bv¡mbn nÀ½n-¨-Xm-sW¶v
Adn-bmtam?
t{ImUo-I-cWw
• Pmen-b³hmem-_mKv Iq«-s¡me S-¶-Xnsâ HmÀ½-bv¡mbn
nÀ½n¨ kvamc-I-am-Wv.
• 1919 G{]n 13 mWv Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡me S-¶-Xv.
Ip«n-IÄ NÀ¨ sN¿p-¶p.
Ip«n-IÄ {i²m-]qÀÆw
tIÄ¡p¶p
Activity - 1
dueäv nb-as¯ Ipdn-¡p¶ NmÀ«v A[ym-]nI Ip«n-IÄ¡v
ImWn-¨psImSp¡p-¶p.
dueäv nbaw
GsXm-cn-´ym-¡m-c-sbpw ImcWw IqSm-sX
AdÌv sN¿mpw hnNm-cW IqSmsX XS-hn-en-Smpw
Kh¬saânv A[n-Imcw ÂIp¶ nb-a-amWv
dueäv nb-aw.
NmÀ«nsâ ASn-Øm--¯n A[ym-]nI Ip«n-I-tfmSp NÀ¨
sN¿m³ Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶p.
Nˬm-kq-NIw
1) dueäv nbaw F¶m-se´v?
2) dueäv nb-a-{]-Imcw Bsc-bmWv AdÌv sNbvXXv?
Ip«n-IÄ NmÀ«v
{i²n-¡p¶p
Ip«n-IÄ NÀ¨ sNbvXv
Fgp-Xp¶p
t{ImUo-I-cWw
Ý kzbw-`-cWw ÂIm-sa¶v bp²-Im-e¯v hmKvZmw sNbvX {_n«o-jp-ImÀ
]ucm-h-Imiw ntj-[n-¡p¶ b-§fpw nb-a-§-fp-amWv S-¸n-em-¡nbn
cp¶-Xv.
Ý ]ucm-h-Imiw ntj-[n-¡p¶ b-§fpw nb-a-§fpw S-¸n-em-¡n-b-XnÂ
{]Xn-tj-[n-¨mWv dueäv nbaw D­m-b-Xv.
Ý Cu nbaw GsXm-cn-´ym-¡m-c-tbpw ImcWw IqSmsX AdÌp sN¿mpw
hnNm-cW IqSmsX XS-hn-en-Smpw Kh¬saânv {_n«o-jp-ImÀ A[n-Imcw ÂIn
CXns dueäv nbaw F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.
Ý C´ym-¡m-cpsS ]ucm-h-Im-is¯ ln-¡p¶ dueäv nb-a-¯n-s-Xnsc KmÔnPn
ka-cm-lzmw S-¯n.
Ý ]©m-_n kacw AXn ià-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Activity - 2
AdÌp sN¿-s¸« ka-c-tk-m-n-I-fpsS t]cp-I-f-S-§nb ¹¡mÀUv
A[ym-]nI Ip«n-IÄ¡v ImWn¨p sImSp-¡p-¶p.
AdÌv sN¿-s¸« ka-c-tk-m-n-IÄ
n tUm.-k-Xy-]mÂ
n tUm.-ssk-^p-Zo³ In¨vep
Ip«n-IÄ {i²m-]qÀÆw
tIÄ¡p¶p
Ip«n-IÄ ¹¡mÀUv
{i²n-¡p¶p
¹¡mÀUnsâ ASn-Øm--¯n A[ym-]nI Ip«n-I-tfmSp
NÀ¨-sN-¿m³ Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶p.
Nˬm-kq-NIw
1) ]-©m-_n Bsc-sbÃmw dueäv nb-a-{]-Imcw AdÌv
sNbvXp.
2) ]©m-_n kacw AXn-i-à-am-Im-pÅ Imc-W-sa´v?
t{ImUo-I-cWw
Ý dueäv nb-a-¯n-s-Xnsc {]Xn-tj[w ià-ambn.
Ý ]©m-_n kacw AXn-i-à-ambn
Ý ]©m-_n dueäv hncp² ka-c-§Ä¡v tXrXzw
sImSp-¯-hÀ Bbn-cp¶p tUm.-k-Xy-]mÂ,
tUm.-ssk-^p-Zo³ In¨vep.
Ý {_n«ojv t]meokv ta[m-hn-bm-bn-cp¶p P-dÂU-bÀ
bmsXmcp ap¶-dn-bn-¸p-an-ÃmsX P-¡q-«-¯np tsc
nd-sbm-gn-¡m³ D¯-c-hn-«p.
Ý {]Xn-tj-[-¯nsâ `mK-ambn alm-Ihn cho-{µ-mY SmtKmÀ
“kmÀ” Ømw Dt]-£n-¨p.
Ip«n-IÄ NÀ¨ sNbvXv
Fgp-Xp¶p
Ip«n-IÄ {i²m-]qÀÆw
tIÄ¡p¶p
Ý {_n«ojv hncp-²m-[n-Imcw Afn-¡¯n
Ý tZio-b-{]-Ømw ià-am-hp-I-bpw, aps¼m-¶p-an-Ãm-¯-hn[w
P-]-¦m-fn¯w kzmX-{´y-k-a-c-{]-t£m-`-§Ä D­m-¡n.
Ý C§s tZiob kzmX-{´y-k-a-c-N-cn-{X-¯nse nÀWm-bI
kw`-h-ambn Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-e-am-dn.
Activity- 3
Pmen-b³hm-e-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-esb Ipdn-¨pÅ hoUntbm
A[ym-]nI Ip«n-IÄ¡v ImWn¨p sImSp-¡p-¶p.
hoUn-tbmsb Bkv]-Z-am¡n A[ym-]nI Ip«n-I-tfmSp NÀ¨
sN¿m³ Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶p.
Ip«n-IÄ {i²m-]qÀÆw
tIÄ¡p¶p
Ip«n-IÄ {i²m-]qÀÆw
tm¡p¶p
Nˬm-kq-NIw
1) Pmen-b³hm-e-_m-Kn Iq«-s¡me S-¶-sX¶v?
2) GXp nb-a-¯n-s-Xnsc {]Xn-tj-[n-¡m³ th­n-bmWv
P-§Ä Pmen-b³hm-em-_m-Kn H¯p IqSn-bXv?
t{ImUo-I-cWw
Ý 1919 G{]n 13 p sshIp-t¶cw BWv Pmen-b³hm-e-_mKv Iq«-s¡me
S-¶-Xv.
Ý dueäv nb-a-¯n-s-Xnsc {]Xn-tj-[w Adn-bn-¡m-mWv P-§Ä
Pmen-b³hm-em-_m-Kn H¯p-Iq-Sn-b-Xv.
Ý nbaw IqSmsX GsXm-cn-´ym-¡m-c-tbpw hnNm-c-WI IqSmsX
XS-hn CSm³ Kh¬saânp A[n-Imcw ÂIp¶ nb-a-amWv dueäv nb-aw.
Ý tZiob kzmX-{´y-k-a-c-¯nse nÀ®m-bI kw`-h-§-fn H¶m-bn-cp¶p
Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-e.
Conclusion
Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-esb Ipdn¨pw dueäv nb-a-¯nsâ {]tXy-I-Xsb
Ipdn¨pw H¶p-IqsS ]d-ªp-sIm­v A[ym-]nI ¢mkv Ah-km-n-¸n-¡p-¶p.
Ip«n-IÄ NÀ¨-sNbvXv
Fgp-Xp¶p
Ip«n-IÄ {i²m-]qÀÆw
tIÄ¡p¶p
Assignment
Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-ebv¡v C´y³ kzmX{´y Ncn-{X-¯n-epÅ {]m[myw Fs´Ãmw?
Hcp Ipdn¸v X¿m-dm-¡p-I.

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  • 1. Innovative Teaching Manual Name of the student teacher : Vineetha Mol. R Standard : VIII Name of the School : St.Mary’s H.S.S. Vizhinjam Division : Subject : Social Science Strength : Unit : C´y³ tZiob {]Ømw Duration : 45 Minutes Subunit : Pmen-b³ hmem-_mKv Date : curricular statement NÀ¨, nco-£Ww F¶n-h-bn-eqsS tZi-o-b kzmX{´y ka-c-N-cn-{X-¯n Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«- s¡m-e-bpsS {]m[m-ys¯ A[ym-]nI Ip«n-IÄ¡p a-Ên-em¡n sImSp-¡p-¶p. {]ivw : kmwkv¡m-cnI Xn-a-sb- Ipd¨pw AXnsâ kzmX-{´y-hn-Im-k-s¯bpw Ipdn-¨p- apÅ [mc-W-¡p-d-hv. D]-{]ivw : Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-esb Ipdn-¨pÅ Adn-hn-Ãm-bva. learning objectives / outcomes 1) C-´y³ tZiob {]Øm Ncn-{X-¯n Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-e-bpsS {]m[myw IqSn Adn-bp-¶-Xn-v. 2) Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-ebv¡p Imc-W-sa-´m-sW¶v hni-I-ew sN¿p-¶-Xn-v.
  • 2. 3. Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-e-bn {_n«o-jp-ImÀ¡pÅ ]¦v Ip«n Ah-tem-Iw sN¿p-¶-Xn-v. 4. dueäv nb-aw Fs´¶v Ip«n hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-v. 5. dueäv nb-a--¯n-s-Xnsc t]mcm-Snb tXm-¡-·msc Ip«n Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶-Xn-v. 6. dueäv nb-a--¯n-s-Xnsc {]Xn-I-cn¨ KmÔn-Pn-bpsS ]¦v Ip«n hyà-am-¡p-¶-Xnv. 7. Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡me S-¶Xv F¶m-sW¶v Ip«n HmÀ¯p-]-d-bp-¶-Xn-v. 8. Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-e-bpsS A-´-c-^-e-§Ä Ip«n hne-bn-cp-¯p-¶-Xn-v. Content Analysis Terms Pmen-b³hm-em-_m-Kv, kzbw-`-c-Ww, ]ucm-h-Im-iw, dueäv nb-aw. tZiob {]Øm-w, Bß-Xym-Kw. Name KmÔn-Pn, P-dÂUbÀ, tUm.-k-Xy-]mÂ, cho-{µ-mY SmtKmÀ, tUm.-ssk-^p-Zo³ In¨vep. Date -1919 G{]n 13 Facts 1) -kzbw-`-cWw ÂIm-sa¶v bp²-Im-e¯v hmKvZmw sNbvX {_n«o-jp-ImÀ ]ucm-h-Imiw ntj-[n-¡p¶ b-§-fpw, nb-a-§-fp-amWv S-¸n-em-¡n-b-Xv. 2) GsXm-cn-´ym-¡m-c-tbpw ImcWw IqSmsX AdÌp sN¿m-pw, hnNm-cW IqSmsX XS-hn- en-Smpw Kh¬saânv A[n-Imcw ÂInb H¶mWv dueäv nb--a-w.
  • 3. 3) C´ym-¡m-cpsS ]ucm-h-Im-is¯ ln-¡p-¶-XmWv dueäv nb-aw. 4) dueäv nb-a-¯n-s-Xnsc ]©m-_n ka-c-§Ä¡v tXrXzw ÂIn-bn-cp-¶-Xv. tUm.-k-Xy- ]mÂ, tUm.-ssk-^p-±o³ In¨nep F¶n-h-cm-bn-cp-¶p. 5) tUm.-k-Xy-]mÂ, tUm.-ssk-^p-±o³ In¨vep F¶n-hsc AdÌv sNbvX-Xn {]Xn-tj-[n- ¨mWv P-§Ä kam-[m--]-c-ambn Pmen-b³hmem-_m-Kn kt½-fn-¨-Xv. 6) 1919 G{]n 13 v sshIp-t¶cw Bbn-cp¶p Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡me S-¶-Xv. 7) Cu Iq«-s¡m-e-bpsS {]Xn-tj-[-¯nsâ `mK-ambn alm-Ihn cho-{µ-mY SmtKmÀ {_n«o-jp- ImÀ ÂInb kmÀ ]Zhn Dt]-£n-¨p. 8) {_n«ojv hncp-²-hn-Imcw Bfn-¡-¯p-Ibpw tZio-b-{]-Ømw ià-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. 9) Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-e-bpsS ^e-ambn kzmX-{´y-k-ac {]t£m-`-§-fn P-]-¦m- fn¯w D­m-bn. 10) aps¼-§p-an-Ãm¯ hn[w P-]-¦m-fn¯w kzmX-{´y-k-ac {]t£m-`-§-fn D­m-bn-cp-¶p. 11) Pmen-b³hm-em-_m-Kn H¯p-Iq-Snb P-§-fpsS Bß-Xym-K-¯nsâ IqSn ^e-amWv C´ybpsS kzmX-{´yw. 12) tZiob kzmX{´y ka-c-N-cn-{X-¯nse nÀWm-bI kw`-h-§-fn H¶m-bn-cp¶p Pmen- b³hmem-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-e.
  • 4. Concept tZiob kzmX{´y ka-c-N-cn-{X-¯nse nÀWm-bI kw`-h-§-fn H¶m-bn-cp¶p Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-e. Pre-requisites Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-e-sb-¸än Ip«nbv¡v tI«-dn-hp-­v. Teaching learning Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-e-bpsS kvamc-I-¯nsâ Nn{Xw, dueäv nb-as¯ resources Ipdn-¡p¶ NmÀ«v, AdÌv sN¿-s¸« ka-c-tk-m-n-I-fpsS t]cp-I-f-S-§nb ¹¡mÀUv Pmen-b³hmem-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-esb Ipdn-¨pÅ hoUn-tbm. Classroom Interaction Procedure Pupil Response Introduction Pmen-b³hmem-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-e-bpsS kvamc-I-¯nsâ Nn{Xw A[ym-]nI Ip«n-IÄ¡v ImWn¨p sImSp-¡p-¶p. Ip«n-IÄ Nn{Xw {i²n-¡p¶p
  • 5. Nn{X-¯nsâ ASn-Øm--¯n A[ym-]nI Nne tNmZy-§Ä Ip«n-ItfmSp tNmZn-¡p-¶p. NÀ¨m-kq-NIw 1) CXv GXv kvamc-I-¯nsâ Nn{X-sa¶v Adn-bmtam? 2) Cu kvamcIw F´nsâ HmÀ½-bv¡mbn nÀ½n-¨-Xm-sW¶v Adn-bmtam? t{ImUo-I-cWw • Pmen-b³hmem-_mKv Iq«-s¡me S-¶-Xnsâ HmÀ½-bv¡mbn nÀ½n¨ kvamc-I-am-Wv. • 1919 G{]n 13 mWv Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡me S-¶-Xv. Ip«n-IÄ NÀ¨ sN¿p-¶p. Ip«n-IÄ {i²m-]qÀÆw tIÄ¡p¶p
  • 6. Activity - 1 dueäv nb-as¯ Ipdn-¡p¶ NmÀ«v A[ym-]nI Ip«n-IÄ¡v ImWn-¨psImSp¡p-¶p. dueäv nbaw GsXm-cn-´ym-¡m-c-sbpw ImcWw IqSm-sX AdÌv sN¿mpw hnNm-cW IqSmsX XS-hn-en-Smpw Kh¬saânv A[n-Imcw ÂIp¶ nb-a-amWv dueäv nb-aw. NmÀ«nsâ ASn-Øm--¯n A[ym-]nI Ip«n-I-tfmSp NÀ¨ sN¿m³ Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶p. NÀ¨m-kq-NIw 1) dueäv nbaw F¶m-se´v? 2) dueäv nb-a-{]-Imcw Bsc-bmWv AdÌv sNbvXXv? Ip«n-IÄ NmÀ«v {i²n-¡p¶p Ip«n-IÄ NÀ¨ sNbvXv Fgp-Xp¶p
  • 7. t{ImUo-I-cWw Ý kzbw-`-cWw ÂIm-sa¶v bp²-Im-e¯v hmKvZmw sNbvX {_n«o-jp-ImÀ ]ucm-h-Imiw ntj-[n-¡p¶ b-§fpw nb-a-§-fp-amWv S-¸n-em-¡nbn cp¶-Xv. Ý ]ucm-h-Imiw ntj-[n-¡p¶ b-§fpw nb-a-§fpw S-¸n-em-¡n-b-Xn {]Xn-tj-[n-¨mWv dueäv nbaw D­m-b-Xv. Ý Cu nbaw GsXm-cn-´ym-¡m-c-tbpw ImcWw IqSmsX AdÌp sN¿mpw hnNm-cW IqSmsX XS-hn-en-Smpw Kh¬saânv {_n«o-jp-ImÀ A[n-Imcw ÂIn CXns dueäv nbaw F¶p ]d-bp-¶p. Ý C´ym-¡m-cpsS ]ucm-h-Im-is¯ ln-¡p¶ dueäv nb-a-¯n-s-Xnsc KmÔnPn ka-cm-lzmw S-¯n. Ý ]©m-_n kacw AXn ià-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. Activity - 2 AdÌp sN¿-s¸« ka-c-tk-m-n-I-fpsS t]cp-I-f-S-§nb ¹¡mÀUv A[ym-]nI Ip«n-IÄ¡v ImWn¨p sImSp-¡p-¶p. AdÌv sN¿-s¸« ka-c-tk-m-n-IÄ n tUm.-k-Xy-]m n tUm.-ssk-^p-Zo³ In¨vep Ip«n-IÄ {i²m-]qÀÆw tIÄ¡p¶p Ip«n-IÄ ¹¡mÀUv {i²n-¡p¶p
  • 8. ¹¡mÀUnsâ ASn-Øm--¯n A[ym-]nI Ip«n-I-tfmSp NÀ¨-sN-¿m³ Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶p. NÀ¨m-kq-NIw 1) ]-©m-_n Bsc-sbÃmw dueäv nb-a-{]-Imcw AdÌv sNbvXp. 2) ]©m-_n kacw AXn-i-à-am-Im-pÅ Imc-W-sa´v? t{ImUo-I-cWw Ý dueäv nb-a-¯n-s-Xnsc {]Xn-tj[w ià-ambn. Ý ]©m-_n kacw AXn-i-à-ambn Ý ]©m-_n dueäv hncp² ka-c-§Ä¡v tXrXzw sImSp-¯-hÀ Bbn-cp¶p tUm.-k-Xy-]mÂ, tUm.-ssk-^p-Zo³ In¨vep. Ý {_n«ojv t]meokv ta[m-hn-bm-bn-cp¶p P-dÂU-bÀ bmsXmcp ap¶-dn-bn-¸p-an-ÃmsX P-¡q-«-¯np tsc nd-sbm-gn-¡m³ D¯-c-hn-«p. Ý {]Xn-tj-[-¯nsâ `mK-ambn alm-Ihn cho-{µ-mY SmtKmÀ “kmÀ” Ømw Dt]-£n-¨p. Ip«n-IÄ NÀ¨ sNbvXv Fgp-Xp¶p Ip«n-IÄ {i²m-]qÀÆw tIÄ¡p¶p
  • 9. Ý {_n«ojv hncp-²m-[n-Imcw Afn-¡¯n Ý tZio-b-{]-Ømw ià-am-hp-I-bpw, aps¼m-¶p-an-Ãm-¯-hn[w P-]-¦m-fn¯w kzmX-{´y-k-a-c-{]-t£m-`-§Ä D­m-¡n. Ý C§s tZiob kzmX-{´y-k-a-c-N-cn-{X-¯nse nÀWm-bI kw`-h-ambn Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-e-am-dn. Activity- 3 Pmen-b³hm-e-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-esb Ipdn-¨pÅ hoUntbm A[ym-]nI Ip«n-IÄ¡v ImWn¨p sImSp-¡p-¶p. hoUn-tbmsb Bkv]-Z-am¡n A[ym-]nI Ip«n-I-tfmSp NÀ¨ sN¿m³ Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶p. Ip«n-IÄ {i²m-]qÀÆw tIÄ¡p¶p Ip«n-IÄ {i²m-]qÀÆw tm¡p¶p
  • 10. NÀ¨m-kq-NIw 1) Pmen-b³hm-e-_m-Kn Iq«-s¡me S-¶-sX¶v? 2) GXp nb-a-¯n-s-Xnsc {]Xn-tj-[n-¡m³ th­n-bmWv P-§Ä Pmen-b³hm-em-_m-Kn H¯p IqSn-bXv? t{ImUo-I-cWw Ý 1919 G{]n 13 p sshIp-t¶cw BWv Pmen-b³hm-e-_mKv Iq«-s¡me S-¶-Xv. Ý dueäv nb-a-¯n-s-Xnsc {]Xn-tj-[w Adn-bn-¡m-mWv P-§Ä Pmen-b³hm-em-_m-Kn H¯p-Iq-Sn-b-Xv. Ý nbaw IqSmsX GsXm-cn-´ym-¡m-c-tbpw hnNm-c-WI IqSmsX XS-hn CSm³ Kh¬saânp A[n-Imcw ÂIp¶ nb-a-amWv dueäv nb-aw. Ý tZiob kzmX-{´y-k-a-c-¯nse nÀ®m-bI kw`-h-§-fn H¶m-bn-cp¶p Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-e. Conclusion Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-esb Ipdn¨pw dueäv nb-a-¯nsâ {]tXy-I-Xsb Ipdn¨pw H¶p-IqsS ]d-ªp-sIm­v A[ym-]nI ¢mkv Ah-km-n-¸n-¡p-¶p. Ip«n-IÄ NÀ¨-sNbvXv Fgp-Xp¶p Ip«n-IÄ {i²m-]qÀÆw tIÄ¡p¶p
  • 11. Assignment Pmen-b³hm-em-_mKv Iq«-s¡m-ebv¡v C´y³ kzmX{´y Ncn-{X-¯n-epÅ {]m[myw Fs´Ãmw? Hcp Ipdn¸v X¿m-dm-¡p-I.