learning in which a program takes the place of a tutor for the student, and leads him through a set of frames of specified behaviors designed and sequenced to make it more probable that he will behave in a given desired way

1. PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION
Prof. (Dr.) Virendra Singh Choudhary

2. OBJECTIVES
 Introduction of programmed instruction.
 Definition of programmed instruction.
 Aim of programmed instruction.
 Elements of programmed instruction.
 Characteristics of programmed instruction.
 Principles of programmed instruction.
 Types of programmed instruction.
 Steps in program writing.
 Programmed instructional material.
 Advantages of programmed instruction.
 Disadvantages of programmed instruction.

3. INTRODUCTION

4. DEFINITION
“A kind of learning in which a program takes the
place of a tutor for the student, and leads him
through a set of frames of specified behaviors
designed and sequenced to make it more probable
that he will behave in a given desired way ”.
(Kochhar, SK. 1992)

5. AIM OF PROG. INSTRUCTION
Usually the aim is to enable
the learner to progress through
a programmed sequence of
experience to the acquisition
of some kind of information
or skill. Naturally the experiences
are ordered in a manner to maximize
the efficiency of learning.

6. ELEMENTS
The learner is presented with a stimulus which
gives him information, demands on his response,
or does both.
There is a continual necessity for the learner to
utilize his information in making some response.
After responding, he is presented with information
which enables him to ascertain the appropriateness
of response.

7. CHARACTERISTICS
The rate and depth of learning are maximized.
Defined objectives
The subject matter of the program is breaking into
small steps
Programmed learning emphasizes the interaction
between learner and the program.
The learner is made to respond actively.
A programmed test provides for immediate
feedback information.

8. CONTI….
In a programmed learning situation, the learner
progress at his own pace.
Programmed learning provides for consistent
evaluation through the record of learner’s
responses.
In programmed instruction, the learner is
immediately reinforced to correct his response and
his reinforcement sustains the motivation of the
learner.
It permits individual student to progress at his own
needs.
Helpful in certain situations.

9. PRINCIPLES

10. TYPES

11. STEPS IN PROGRAM WRITING
1.PREPARATION:
The teacher should be thoroughly familiar with the
topic.
Topic is suitable for the program.
Preparation of a content outline.
Behavioral objectives should be started in terms of
instructional goal.
Goals further analyzed, finally decided the
components of goals are explained.
Constructing a test for entering behavior and for
terminal behavior criterion.

12. CONTI….
2.PROGRAM WRITING:
The content outline and analysis of behavioral
objectives leads to the terminal behavior through a
series of instructional devices.
Ensuring the response of the student.
The complete record of student’s written responses
should be utilized later for revising the program.
Confirmation or correction of students responses.
Providing careful sequencing of the frames.
-The description and analysis of behaviors.
- learning required by various tasks.

13. CONTI….
3. TRIED OUT AND REVISION:
When the first draft is ready, the original frames
should be typed and their response given on the
black page. It should be given to a small group of
students. These programmed materials are
experimentally tried out in classes, items that are
frequently missed are changed. The original draft
is edited one again. Tried out further and final
revision is prepared.

14. PROG.INSTRUCTION MATERIAL
1.The teaching machine: is a mechanical device that
presents the student, a sequential program of learning
activities. It immediately provides the student the
knowledge of the accuracy of his results.
2.The programmed textbook: The whole book is divided
into four or five panels and the student responds to
one by one.
3.The scrambled textbook: In this, the student is given
the material to be learnt in small logical units and is
tested on each unit immediately.

15. ADVANTAGES
Student is kept active and alert.
Student is allowed to work at his own pace.
It is helpful for teaching complex subject matter.
Individual attention is given to each other student.
Student is provided with immediate knowledge of
result.
It facilitates self evaluation of the student.
Work load of the teacher gets reduced.
It makes learning interesting.
It helps the student to develop high efficiency.

16. DISADVANTAGES
Preparation may be difficult and time consuming.
It requires special competence for teacher to
prepare the material.
It is also argued that there is too much emphasis on
the mastery of principles and concepts.
It is also argued that the programmed instruction
materials are very costly and only rich nations can
afford it.
It is started that the development and use of
programmed instructional material require expert
knowledge and training.

17. RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effectiveness of a computer-based educational
program on nurses' knowledge, attitude, and skill
level related to evidence-based practice.

18. CONCLUSION
In clinical settings need to be able to use research
findings and incorporate EBP into their nursing
practice to promote positive patient outcomes.
Appropriate organisational infrastructures are
essential for promoting EBP and research
utilisation in clinical settings. Diverse and effective
methods are essential in educating and engaging
nurses in EBP and research utilisation. Computer-
based education is an effective approach that can
be used by nursing leaders in health care
organisations to educate and engage nurses in EBP
initiatives and research utilisation.

19. SUMMARIZATION

20. RECAPTULISATION
Define the term Programmed instruction?
Describe the elements of Programmed
instruction?
Discuss principles of Programmed instruction?
Enlist types of Programmed instruction?
Describe steps in Programmed instruction?
Enlist the advantages of Programmed
instruction?

21. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Sharma, Dinesh Kumar; “communication and education
technology”, published by Lotus publisher edition 1st Pp
204-205.
 Sudha R; “Nursing Education-principles and concepts”,
published by Jaypee publishers edition 1st Pp 92-94.
 Neeraja K P; ‘Textbook of communication and education
technology”, published by Jaypee publishers edition 1st Pp
250-258.
 “http://www.thefreedictionary.com/programmed
instruction.”