Programmed instruction is a method of self-instruction where material is broken down into small chunks or frames presented sequentially. It was popularized by B.F. Skinner in the 1950s. There are three main types: linear programming which presents one track for all learners; branching programming which provides remedial frames for incorrect answers; and computer assisted instruction which uses technology to deliver the content. The development process involves preparatory, writing, and validation phases to create and test the program. Advantages include self-paced learning and feedback, while disadvantages can be loss of motivation if too many errors occur.

1. PROGRAMMED
INSTRUCTION
JALA SUNITHA
M.SC NURSING 2ND YEAR
KIMS COLLEGE OF NURSING

2. ➢Introduction:The method was originally popularized
by B.F. Skinner as a behavioural approach to
teaching.
➢B.F. Skinner is considered by any to be the "father" of
programmed instruction. He popularized the approach in the
1950s

3. Continue……
➢At times, a single course may consist of thousands of
these chunks, or units, of instruction. It is thought that
presenting the material in small pieces improves
comprehension and retention.
➢Programmed instruction is a precise process. The
material a student learns is broken down into tiny
chunks to avoid overwhelming (enormous) the student
with too much at once.

4. Definition: 1
Programmed instruction is a method of self-
instruction that enlists machines or specially
prepared books to teach information

5. Definition: 2
Programmed instruction is an instructional
method in which the material to be learned
is presented to the student in small chunks
of information

6. Definition: 3
Instruction through information given in small steps
with each requiring a correct response by the
learner before going on to the next step

7. Definition: 4
Programmed instruction is an instructional
method in which the material to be learned is
presented to the student in small chunks of
information

8. Purpose:
➢To manage human learning under controlled
situations
➢To promote learning
➢To present the material in small pieces
➢To provide quicker response

9. Characteristics:
➢Subject matter is broken down into small steps called
frames and arranged sequentially
➢Frequent response of the student is required

10. Continue……..
➢There is immediate confirmation of the right
answer or correction of wrong answers given by
learners (self-correcting feature)
➢The interaction between the learner and the
program is emphasized in programmed learning

11. Continue……..
➢continuous evaluation is possible by
recording the student’s response
➢The teaching medium is appropriate for the subject-
matter and the students.
➢The materials are self-paced or presented in a
manner which suits the learner

12. Types of programmed instruction:
1. Linear programming
2. Branching or intrinsic style program
3. Computer assisted instruction

13. 1. Linear programming:
➢This was developed by B.F Skinner and his
associates
➢In this the subject method will be divided into
very small steps each of which is called as frame
➢In each frame, the student to do something

14. continue…
➢Straight line- single track
➢Every learner follow the same path
➢A linear program is also called “straight line
program”

15. continue…
➢The learner starts from initial behavior to the
terminal behavior following straight line
➢The students proceeds one frame to the next
until he completes the program

16. continue…..
➢After giving the answer for the question
immediately he can check whether his answer
in correct or wrong
F1-F2-F3-F4-F5-F6

17. Characteristics
➢Information to the next is orderly fashion
➢The learners respond overtly so their correct response
can be rewarded and incorrect responses can be
corrected
➢The learners are immediately informed about weather
or not their response is correct (feedback)

18. Characteristics
➢The learners are immediately informed about
weather or not their response is correct
(feedback)
➢The learners proceed at their own pace (self-
pacing)

19. 2. Branching programming
➢This is developed by Norman, A. Crowder (1960) and it
was called intrinsic programmed
➢In this method the subject should select the answer
for the question ( objective type)
➢If the subject’s answer is correct
he will lead to the next frame

20. Continue…….
➢If the subject’s answer is wrong he will lead
to the remedial frame
➢After the remedial frame he will directed to
the main frame.
if answer is correct
If answer is not correct
F1.1
F1 F2

21. 3. Computer assisted instruction
➢It has a television screen for displaying
information
➢A complete package of information is stored
in the system and is presented sequentially

22. definition:
Computer assisted instruction is the teaching
process in which a computer is used to enhance
the education of a student

23. definition:2
Computer assisted instruction is an interactive
instructional technique where by a computer is
used to present the instructional material and
monitor the learning that takes place. CAI uses a
combination of text, graphics, sound and video in
enhancing the learning process

24. development of a programmed instruction:
1. Preparatory phase
2. Writing phase
3. Validation phase

25. Preparatory phase:
➢viewing the program on any topic
➢Deciding to prepare a program
➢Selecting a topic
➢Preparing the content outline
➢Objective formation

26. continue:
➢Assumptions about learner
➢Preparation of pre-test
➢Terminal behavior. Expected performance of the
learner at the end of a course
➢Preparation of post test

27. writing phase
➢presentation of materials in frames
➢Requires an active student participation
➢Prove answer for confirmation or correction of
student response
➢Use prompts to guide students response

28. continue
➢Use prompts to guide students response
➢Provide careful sequencing of frames

29. Validation phase:
involves:
➢Try out and revision
➢Individual tryout
➢Small group try out
➢Master validation
➢Editing, reviewing, revising and modifying the program

30. Advantages
➢ creative thinking and judgement
➢Devote time to more creative activities
➢Improve the educational quality
➢It helps the students to diagnose the problems
of individual learner.

31. Advantages
➢ Emotional and social problems are
eliminated
➢Problem of discipline have been solved
automatically
➢Learner is challenged by his own capabilites

32. disadvantages
➢Too many errors appear, the students loose
interest and motivation
➢It restricts the learner’s freedom of choice
resulting in cramping of his imagination and
initiative

33. thankyou