Programmed instruction was introduced in the 1950s as a way for students to learn on their own without a teacher through specially prepared books or equipment. It breaks content down into small sequential steps with frequent responses from the student and immediate feedback. There are two main types - linear programming which presents information in a fixed orderly sequence, and branching programming which allows for different paths. Programmed instruction aims to help students learn at their own pace, present content logically, and allow them to study independently.

1. Type of programmed instruction,linear
programme instruction
meanning,assumption ,chareteristic

2. INTRODUCTION OF
PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION
It was orginally introduced in the mid of 1950s by
behaviourist B.F skinnner,programmed instruction is
a system whereby the learner uses specially
prepared bookss or equipment to learn without a
teacher. It was intended to free teachers books or
burdensome drills and repetitive problem solving
inherent in teaching basic academic subject like
spelling ,arithmetic,and reading.

3. DEFINATION of Progrmmed
instruction
• Programmed instruction is a planned
sequene of experiences, leading to proficiency
in terms of stimulas-response relationship, that
have proven to be
effective —
J.E Espich and Bill Williams
• Programmed insruction is a method of
desighning a reproducible sequence of
instructional events to produce a measurable
and consistent effect on the behaviour of each

4. Characteristics of Programmed
Instruction
Programmed instruction has following
chareteristics:
1. Small steps: The subject matter is broken
down in to small steps called frames and
arranged sequentially.
2. Response: Frequent response is expected
from the student.
3. Immediate Confirmation:There is
immediate confirmation of right answer or
correction of wrong answer given by the

5. 4) Diagnose:The content and sequence of the
frames are subjected to actual try out with
students and are revised on the basis of data
gathered by the programmer
5)Individual Pace:Each student progress at his
own pace without any threat exposed to any
humilitation in a hetrogeneous classs.
6)Clearly Stated Assumption:The assumption
about the learner is clearly stated in the
programmed learning materials

6. Principles of Programmed
Instruction
Fundamental principles of programmed instruction
are as follows :
1. Learners should be active: Instructors are
asking question to confirm learners
comprehension. The extent understanding is
reflected by the answers.
2. On the spot Feedbck:instructors are providing
immediate fedback to learners. As soon as they
Know if the response was right or wrong,they
proceed to the next question or they retest what
was not understood.

7. 3. Gradual Steps: Learners should be examined
on small chunks of information, something that will
prevent them from failing a question.Learners
should feel they are making progress,something that
will encourage them.
4. SELF-Pacing:Each learnerr has his or her own
pace.Instructors should respect this diversity and
allow them to decide on the desirable speed of
learning.
5. Learner Verification: The purpose of this model
is to examine about whether learning was
established, not if the program was good based on a
specialist 's point of view .Learners should be
allowed to evaluate the instructional program under
development and instructors should modify
accordingly

8. Assumption of Programmed
Instruction
The programmed involves the following
assumptions:
1. Reinforcement can be provided contiously
by the use of instruction.
2. The content matter can be divided into its
elements and each element cn be
presented independently.
3. The externel learning conditions can be
created by arranging the elements in a
logical sequence.

9. 4. The student can learn successfully without the
physical presence of a teacher.
5. The strategies and tactis of instruction can be
used for achieving certain well defned set of
instructional objectives.
6. The student can learn according to his needs and
rate of learning.

10. Objectives of programmed Instruction
The objectives of programmed instruction
can be listed as:
1. To help the students for learning by
doing.
2. To provide the situtaion to learn at
his/her own speed.
3. To help the student to learn without the
presence of teacher.
4. To present the matter in a logical
manner.
5. To study himself

11. Types/Style of Programmed
Instruction
Linear or Extrinsic
Programming
Branching or Intrinsic
Programming

12. Charecteristic of Linear Programming
Learner are has the following charecteristics:
1. Learners are exposed to small amount of
information and proceed from one frame to
one item of information, to the next in an
orderly fashion
2. Learner responds overtly so that their correct
responses an be rewarded and heir incorrect
responses can be corrected.
3. Learners are informed immedietiely about
whether or not their response is correct
4. Learner proceeds at their self-pacing

13. Scope of linear Programming
Scopes are summarized below
1. Elementry Education:Generally there are
Single teacher schools there a techer is
required to tech all subjects. This strategy will
help the teachers.
2. Secondery Education:In secondary
education the diversity of interest and
curriculam necessitates this method.it may be
used as a remidial teaching.The class room
teaching may be helpful for non science
teachers to prepare for science up to high

14. 3. Correspondence Education:
İ)For High school students:It is necessary to
realize that the self-instruction could be made
possible, if the correspondence lessons are
programmed
ii. For the School Teachers: When new course
is being introduced programmed instruction will
equip them content and new method of teaching.
Iii.For University Education: This will help the
student who are under correspondence to learn
and can be brought at the part of regular
students thus, they can maintain standard of
higher education .

15. THANK YOU
BRIJESH GUPTA
B.ED 1st YEAR
MODERN COLLEGE OF
PROFESSIONAL STUDIES