Process costing is a method used by manufacturing industries to calculate the cost of production at each stage of converting raw materials into finished goods. It involves allocating total manufacturing costs to products based on normal production levels. Process costing is used in industries like chemicals, textiles, steel, and sugar that involve sequential production processes with continuous flow of goods. The method determines an average cost per equivalent unit and helps control costs, calculate inventory values, and assign product prices at each stage of multiple processes.
This power point presentation related to process costing. which is useful to students who studying B.com, BBA,M.COM MBA etc.
It involves short notes on definition of process costing,its features,applications,difference between process costing and job costing, advantages and disadvantageous of process costing, procedure of process costing,format of process account, process losses and abnormal gain.
A power point presentation describing some basic definitions, father of cost accounting, Indian aspect of cost accounting and Various Methods and Techniques of costing.
Presented by: Aquib Ali, Ajay Gupta and Ashwin Showi. (M.Com students)
at the Bhopal School of Social Sciences(BSSS) on 6 September, 2017
This power point presentation related to process costing. which is useful to students who studying B.com, BBA,M.COM MBA etc.
It involves short notes on definition of process costing,its features,applications,difference between process costing and job costing, advantages and disadvantageous of process costing, procedure of process costing,format of process account, process losses and abnormal gain.
A power point presentation describing some basic definitions, father of cost accounting, Indian aspect of cost accounting and Various Methods and Techniques of costing.
Presented by: Aquib Ali, Ajay Gupta and Ashwin Showi. (M.Com students)
at the Bhopal School of Social Sciences(BSSS) on 6 September, 2017
Activity based costing is considered to be useful only for Manufacturing Organizations whereas reality is that it is equally usefull to Service providers
The objective of the ppt of Elements of Costs and classification of expenditure is to have precise information, especially for the non commerce management students. I believe this would help them to understand the subject easily.
Cost Accounting-
-Meaning of Cost Accounting
-Scope of Cost Accounting
-Nature of Cost Accounting
-Relationship b/w Financial Accounting & Cost Accounting
-Cost Accounting v/s Management Accounting
-Objectives of cost accounting
-Function of cost accountant
-Essentials of cost accounting
-Advantages of cost accounting
-Limitations of cost accounting
-Role of cost in cost accounting
-Cost Unit & Cost Centre
-Cost Techniques
-Costing Systems
-Costing Methods
-Cost Classification
-Components of total cost
-Cost Sheet.
Watch out full video on youtube-
https://youtu.be/Suf9NAMW6Jg
Net Operating Income Approach
It proposes that -
Capital structure does not matter in determining the value of firm
It suggests that the value of firm remains same and is not affected by the change in debt composition of financing
Increase in debt composition results in increased risk perception by investors
Thus, firm appears to be more risky with more debt as capital which results in higher required rate of return by investors
The weighted average cost of capital and market value of firm remains same with increased cost of equity
Assumptions -
There are only two sources of financing – Debt & Equity
Value of equity is calculated by deducting the value of debt from total value of firm
Value of firm is EBIT / Overall cost of capital
WACC remains constant and with an increase in debt, the cost of equity increases
Dividend payout ratio is 1
No taxes & No retained earning
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Activity based costing is considered to be useful only for Manufacturing Organizations whereas reality is that it is equally usefull to Service providers
The objective of the ppt of Elements of Costs and classification of expenditure is to have precise information, especially for the non commerce management students. I believe this would help them to understand the subject easily.
Cost Accounting-
-Meaning of Cost Accounting
-Scope of Cost Accounting
-Nature of Cost Accounting
-Relationship b/w Financial Accounting & Cost Accounting
-Cost Accounting v/s Management Accounting
-Objectives of cost accounting
-Function of cost accountant
-Essentials of cost accounting
-Advantages of cost accounting
-Limitations of cost accounting
-Role of cost in cost accounting
-Cost Unit & Cost Centre
-Cost Techniques
-Costing Systems
-Costing Methods
-Cost Classification
-Components of total cost
-Cost Sheet.
Watch out full video on youtube-
https://youtu.be/Suf9NAMW6Jg
Net Operating Income Approach
It proposes that -
Capital structure does not matter in determining the value of firm
It suggests that the value of firm remains same and is not affected by the change in debt composition of financing
Increase in debt composition results in increased risk perception by investors
Thus, firm appears to be more risky with more debt as capital which results in higher required rate of return by investors
The weighted average cost of capital and market value of firm remains same with increased cost of equity
Assumptions -
There are only two sources of financing – Debt & Equity
Value of equity is calculated by deducting the value of debt from total value of firm
Value of firm is EBIT / Overall cost of capital
WACC remains constant and with an increase in debt, the cost of equity increases
Dividend payout ratio is 1
No taxes & No retained earning
Thank you for Watching
Subscribe to DevTech Finance
Process costing explained with examples free of cost .It is for students of managerial accounting ,read this to quickly go through process costing.
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Provisions of companies act 2013 for accounting, books of accounts, financial statements, appointment of auditor, rotation of auditor, liabilities of auditors etc
Standard costing deals with setting up of cost standards for different activities and their periodic analysis. Such costs almost always differ from actual cost due to unpredictable factors.
Resentation for PeopleSoft SCM users group comparing and Standard and Actual Costing for Production Inventories using PeopleSoft Cost Managment functionality.
This presentation covers what standard costing is, its uses and limitations. Also included is a small case solved case study for better understanding of the topic.
The firm is an economic institution that transforms factors of production into consumer goods – it:
Organizes factors of production.
Produces goods and services.
Sells produced goods and services.
The topic of our presentation is Cost of production. So, we have come to know that how the firm is working systematically with all its process and methods .The firm has different units to the production of dairy products, which has its own automatic machines for its output. we discovered that the functioning of each product is very smoothly which is easier for the production incharges to put the tags ,logos ,prices and detailing on the packaging. The manager of the dairy firm had practically explained and showed the graphical data from 2015-20 about the revenue ,profits ,losses ,expenses and investment, expenditure . the manager had also said that how these were ranging and how the firm got their product familiar and popular to their consumer. As their product were reaching at the maximum level, their TRP got high through the consumer’s taste and preference.
Brioneja Probabilistic Decision Analysis For Elastomeric Components Sep 16,...Jose Briones
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An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. INTRODUCTION
Process costing is a special BRANCH of costing
used by the manufacturing industries.
Who are involved in converting the RAW
MATERIAL into the FINISHED PRODUCT.
Such work of conversation is done step by step ,
each step called “a process” .
Process costing is a method of allocating
manufacturing cost to products to determine an
average cost per unit.
3. WHAT IS PROCESS COSTING
??
Process costing is a method of costing
used to find out the cost of the product in
each process.
It is used to calculate cost per unit of
product is ascertained at each stage of
production.
It is a form of operations costing.
Process costing is used in industries like
chemicals, textiles, steel, rubber, sugar,
shoes, petrol, etc.
6. PURPOSE OF PROCESS
COSTING
To control the process.
To know cumulative cost.
To calculate the value of inventory of raw
material, work-in- progress and finished goods
at the end of the period.
It is also used to assign price of the products.
9. TERMS IN PROCESS
COSTING
NORMAL LOSS
Normal loss is inherent in the processing
operation and which cannot be avoided.
Therefore it is also called as Unavoidable Loss.
ABNORMAL LOSS
If the actual loss is greater than normal loss, then
such excess loss over and above the normal loss
is termed as abnormal loss.
ABNORMAL GAIN
If the actual loss is less than the normal loss then
such different in the actual and normal loss is
termed as abnormal gains.
10. ACCOUNTING FOR LOSSES AND GAINS
IN PROCESS COSTING.
NATURE OF
LOSSES
Normal loss
Abnormal loss
NATURE OF
GAINS
Abnormal gain
13. Cost per unit = total of debit side amount-total of credit side amoun
total of debit side units – total of credit side units
14. Q) The product of manufacturing concern passes through two processes A and
B and then to finished stock . It is ascertained that in each process 5% of total
weight is lost and 10% is scrap which from process A and B realize Rs80 and
Rs200 per tonns respectively.
The following are the figures relating to both the processes -
Particulars Process A Process B
Material (tonns) 1000 70
Cost per tone (Rs) 125 200
Wages (Rs) 28000 10000
Manufacturing Exp (Rs) 8000 5250
Output (tone) 830 780
Prepare process cost A/Cs showing cost per tone of each process .There
was no stock of work-in-process in any process.
15. Solution :
Note : Units = Tonns
particular
s
Uni
ts
CP
U
Amount
s
particulars unit
s
CPU Amount
s
To
material
100
0
125 125000 By loss of
weight(5%)
50 - -
To wages 28000 By normal
loss(10%)
100 80 8000
To
manufactu
ring exp.
8000 By
abnormal
loss
20 180 3600
By output
transferred
to process
B
830 180 149400
100
0
161000 100
0
161000
Process “ A ” A/CDr. Cr
.
16. particulars unit
s
CP
U
amoun
t
particulars uni
ts
CP
U
amount
To input transferred
from process A
830 180 149400 By loss of
weight(5%)
45 - -
To material 70 200 14000 By normal
loss(10%)
90 200 18000
To wages 10000 By out put
transferred to
finished goods
780 210 163800
To manufacturing
exp.
5250
To abnormal gains 15 210 3150
915 181800 915 181800
Process “B ” A/cDr. Cr.
17. Particular
s
Unit
s
CPU amoun
t
Particular
s
units CPU amoun
t
To
output
Transferre
d from
process B
A/C
780 210 163800 By
balance
c/d
780 210 163800
780 163800 780 163800
Finished Stock A/C
Dr. Cr.
Particulars Unit
s
CPU Amount Particulars Units CPU Amount
To Process A
A/C
20 180 3600 By Sale of
Scrap A/C
20 80 1600
By Loss
transfer to
Costing P & L
A/C
2000
20 3600 20 3600
Abnormal loss A/C
18. • Lastly the process costing system provides
the mechanism to survive in a today’s price
competing world. It facilitates the effective
pricing.
• When the cost of achieving good quality
increases, cost of poor quality decreases
automatically