This document outlines a study on probiotics and prebiotics and their impact on human health. It discusses probiotics, listing species such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and their characteristics including acid and bile tolerance. Health benefits of probiotics are provided such as eliminating lactose intolerance and antioxidant effects. Prebiotics are defined as chemicals that promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms. Examples given include inulin and oligofructose. The document also briefly discusses synbiotics and microencapsulation for protecting probiotic bacteria.

1. Ammar Algburi
Ph.D. in Microbial Biology
Diyala University, College of Sciences
Biotechnology Dept.
Dec. 27th, 2017
Probiotic and Prebiotic;
Their Antimicrobial Impact
on Human Health

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4. Outlines
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 Probiotics
 Species of Probiotic
 Charactristcs
 Health benefit
 Antimicrobial activity
 Probiotics and biofilm
 Prebiotics
 General benefits of Prebiotics
 Symbiotics
 Protecting Probiotic Bacteria
“Microencapsulation”

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 According to WHO,
Probiotics: “Live microorganisms which when
administered in adequate amounts confer a
health benefit to the host”

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7. Species of Probiotoc
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 There are numerous probiotic microorganisms:
1. Fermented foods: Lactobacillus rhamnosus,
Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus casei,
Lactobacillus acidophilus and bifidobacteria.
2. Investigated: Escherichia coli Nissle 1917,
Enterococcus faecium SF68, and the probiotic
yeast Saccharomyces boulardii.
• In addition, probiotic may include strains of;
Streptococcus, Pedicococcus, Aspergillus, and
Bacillus.

8. Characteristics
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Acid and Bile tolerance
 Cell surface hydrophobicity, for adhesion to
intestinal cells
 Antibiotic sensitivity
 Antimicrobial activity
 Gut colonization and persisting there
 Lactose removal
 Protease and aminopeptidase activity
Safety in food and clinical applications

9. Health Benefits
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 Elimination of lactose intolerance
 Anti-diarrheal
 Antioxidant
 Hypocholesterolemic
 Anticarcinogenic; Neutralization of dietary
carcinogens
 Antidiabetic
 Antihypertensive
 Immunomodulatory

10. Antimicrobial activity
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11. Probiotic and pathogenic biofilm
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 They may compete or co-aggregate with the
pathogens or creating a biofilm and finally
reducing biofilm-associated dental caries.

12. Prebiotics
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 Chemicals that induce the
growth and the activity of
commensal and beneficial
microorganisms
 They can support probiotics
growth and alter the
distribution of organisms in
the gut microbiome.

13. Prebiotics, a fermented fiber
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 These type of soluble fibers are:
1. Inulin and oligofructose
2. Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS)e.g. Sucrose
3. Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) e.g Lactose
4. Other oligosaccharides Starch, Xylan, Soy
Oligosacchari
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Polysaccharides (including
onions, bananas, garlic, chicory
and wheat)

14. General benefits of
Prebiotics
• Prebiotic (enhance befidus bacteria in colon).
• Increase digestion of lactose metabolism.
• Increase mineral absorption.
• Decrease serum lipids and blood cholesterol.
• Decrease blood pressure.
• Decrease glycemic response.
• Decrease fecal PH, toxic, and carcinogenic metabolites.
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15. Synbiotics
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 The United Nations Food & Agriculture Organization
(FAO) recommends that the term "synbiotic" be used
only if the net health benefit is synergistic
 Synbiotic concept was first introduced as “mixtures of
probiotics and prebiotics that are beneficially to the
host.

16. Protecting Probiotic
Bacteria “Microencapsulation”
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 Enhanced viability of Probiotics in the gastrointestinal
tract.
 Prevent these microorganisms from multiplying in food
 Can control releasing and optimizing delivery to the site
of action.
A technology to Protect Probiotic Bacteria

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