A presentation covering the topic of removal of AGPs from the poultry production. Presented at the Korean Poultry Science Association in May 2011 by Dr. Rafael Monleon Contact me in LinkedIn for any question: www.linkedin.com/rafaelmonleon

1. Focus on Enteric Health: The
advent of a Poultry Industry
without AGPs
Dr. Rafael Monleon, DVM, MSpVM, ACPV, PAS, MRCVS
Regional Veterinarian (Asia)
13th May 2011 – Seoul, Korea

2. Contents
• Enteric Health / Enteric Disease
• AGPs in the Industry
• Alternatives for AGPs
• Present and Future Thoughts

3. Why Enteric Health is Important?
• Integrity of Mucosa
• Optimal Performance
• Poor Enteric Health = Poor Performance
• Poor Performance Due To …

4. What Does Poor Performance
Means?
• Mortality
• Poor FCR
• Poor ADG
• Poor Live Weight
• Poor Pigmentation
• Others

5. What Are the Organisms that
Cause Enteric Disease?
• Protozoa
– Coccidia
• Virus
– Rotavirus, Reovirus, Astrovirus, etc.
• Bacteria
– Clostridium (N.E.)
– Others: G+ / G-

6. What are the Means to Control
Them?
• Biosecurity
• Vaccines
• Antibiotics
– AGPs
• Others
– Non-traditional

7. AGPs
• Been in Use for More than 60 years
• Sub-therapeutic Use
• Strong Scientific-Empiric Support of
Efficacy
– Prevent Disease
– Improve Performance
• Lower cost of production
– Enhanced Food Safety

8. How do AGPs work?
• AGPs inhibit endemic subclinical infection, thus
reducing the metabolic cost of the innate
immune system
• AGPs reduce the growth-depressing
metabolites produced by microbes, such as
ammonia and bile degradation products
• AGPs reduce microbial use of nutrients
• AGPs enhance the uptake and use of nutrients,
due to the thinning of the intestinal wall in AGP-
fed animals

9. Why Banning AGPs?
• Fear of Development of Resistance
– Poultry
– Cascade to Humans
• No fatalities
• Residues
• Customer Demands
– Final Customer
– Retailer (Supermarkets, Food Chains)

10. The Banning of AGPs
• Initial Control AGPs
– Swann Committee (1969)
• Sweden; partial ban (1986)
• EU
• Partial ban (1997)
• Total ban (2006)
• USA
• Food Chain imposed Ban

11. Danish Experiment
• Total Ban of sub-therapeutic in-feed; 1998
– Therapeutic Use Increased
• Resistance Patterns Changed
– Enterococcus
• 60-80% vs. 5-35%
• Effect in Cost Efficiency (approx. 1%)
– Compensated by cost of AGPs ?
• No Effect on NE (Ionophores Use)

12. Danish Experiment

13. The Industry Without AGPs
• Higher risk of Mortality and Performance Variability
• Clostridium perfringens > Necrotic Enteritis (NE)
• Dysbacteriosis
– General over-growth of pathogenic flora
• Wet Litter
– Loss of weight gain and performance
– Increased respiratory and leg problems
– Increased downgrading at processing.
– Increased use of therapeutic antibiotics

14. What are the Tools Against the
Ban of AGPs?
• Management
• Disease Prevention
– Biosecurity
• Nutrition
– Feed Quality
• Natural Growth Promotants (NGPs)

15. Management
• Chick Quality
• Feed
• Water
• Lighting
• Ventilation
• Density

16. Management
In operations where management and hygienic conditions are adequate the
use of AGPs or any alternative products have a lower impact …

17. Hatchery People
Source Flock
Insects
Rodents
Wild Birds
Housing
Litter
Water
Feed
Equipment
Biosecurity

18. Nutrition
• Levels of minerals (potassium, chloride, sodium)
• Excessive level or unbalanced protein
• Fat source
• Starch source
• Non-starch polysaccharides
• Particle size

19. Nutrition
• Natural Growth Promotants (NGPs)
– Probiotics
– Prebiotics
– Essential Oils / Plant Extracts
– Organic Acids

20. What can NGPs Do?
• Balance Gut Bacterial Flora
• Reduce Nutrients Available For Pathogens
• Improve Growth Performances and Feed
Efficiency
• Improve Food Safety
• Enhance Animal Welfare by Decreasing
Stress

21. Probiotics
• Establish Balanced Gut Flora
– Durable
– Single vs. Multi Strains
• Competitive Exclusion
– colonization of gut by pathogens
• Stimulation Immune System
• Generally Used on First Days or After Stress Situation
– feed changes, vaccination or antibiotic treatment
• Improved Performance
– Trials and Personal Experience

22. Probiotics
Probiotic

23. Prebiotics
• Non-Digestible Ingredients
• Stimulate Growth or Activity of Determined Gut Flora
Population
– i.e. fructooligosaccharide products (FOS)
• Bind Pathogens and Stimulate Immunity
– i.e. mannan oligosaccharides (MOS)
• Reduce Inflammatory Reactions

24. Prebiotics
Prebiotic

25. Plant Extracts / Essential Oils
• Some of the Most Promising Products
– i.e. Oregano / Carvacrol
• Natural / Synthetic
• Single / Multiple Compounds
• Antimicrobial, Antioxydative
• Stimulation digestive enzymes
• Effective decrease symptoms Of Disease
– Coccidiosis
– Necrotic enteritis

26. Plant Extract Product Plant Extract Product
Plant Extract Product
Plant Extracts / Essential Oils

27. Organic Acids
• Penetrate the Bacterial Wall and Disrupt
• Reduce the pH of the Digestive Tract
– Lower Bacterial Counts
– Strong Action Gram Negative
• Feed and Water Hygiene
– Limit Proliferation of Bacteria in Water

28. Organic Acids
Organic Acid
Product 1
Organic Acid Product 2
Antibiotic
Product

29. Present and Future
• Currently AGPs Banned by Legislation or
Consumer Demand in Some Countries
• Basically Initial Fear is Gone
• Trend Moving Towards a Future with Less
Antibiotics

30. Present and Future
• Developed Industries Prone To Follow Trend
• Primary Breeding Companies
• Opportunities for Alternative Products
• Non-Developed Countries will Continue Using
AGPs + Prophylactic Antibiotics to Compensate
Lack of Infrastructure / Performance

31. Thank You
rmonleon@aviagen.com