Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts, primarily including beneficial bacteria like lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. They help restore intestinal balance, inhibit pathogens, and may alleviate various health issues including infections and inflammatory bowel disorders. Probiotics are considered safe with no associated risks or side effects, making them a valuable tool for health management.

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 The world health organization defines
probiotics as live microorganisms, which
when administered in adequate amounts
confer a health benefit on a host.
 The term probiotic comes from the Latin or
Greek pro,
“before, forward”, and bios, or “life” — thus
probiotics are life-promoting. In this case, we
use the term probiotics to refer to beneficial
bacteria.
 The most common types of these beneficial
bacteria are Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria.

4. TYPES OF PROBIOTICS

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 Probiotics term coined in 1965 by Lilly And Stillwell
 Probiotics, which means “for life” was meant to
contrast “antibiotics”, popularly prescribed and
known to also destroy beneficial organisms and
impact the immune system.

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 Probiotic - Probiotics defined as microorganisms
that have a beneficial effect on the host intestinal
microbial balance.
 Probiotic organisms are live microorganisms
thought to be beneficial to the host organism.
 According to the currently adopted definition
by FAO/WHO, probiotics are: "Live
microorganisms which when administered in
adequate amounts confer a health benefit on
the host".
 Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria
are the most common types of microbes used
as probiotics; but certain yeasts and bacilli
may also be used.

7. Antibiotics
Alcohol
consumption
Stress
Destroy the gut
micro flora
Problems in
digestion
Problems in
absorption of
nutrients in the
body
Emergence of
antibiotic
resistant strains
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 People who suffer from yeast infections of any kind,
including athlete's foot, jock itch, vaginal yeast
infections and nail fungus.
 People with weak immune systems, frequent
respiratory infections and congestion.
 People with food or respiratory allergies.
 People suffering from inflammatory bowel disorders,
constipation or intestinal infections.

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 production of inhibitory compounds
 competition for chemicals/available energy
 competition for adhesion sites (exclusion)
 enhancement of the immune response
 improvement of water quality
 interaction with phytoplankton
 a source of macro- and micro-nutrients
 enzymatic contribution to digestion

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 Production of low-molecular-weight antibacterial
substance that inhibits both gram-positive and
gram- negative enteric bacteria.
 Also use enzymatic mechanisms to modify toxin
receptors and block toxin-mediated pathology.
 Also prevent colonization of pathogenic
microorganisms by competitive inhibition for
microbial adhesion sites.

11. Capable of exerting a beneficial effect on
the host
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Probiotic microorganisms are:
 Able to survive the passage through the digestive
system
 Able to attach to the intestinal epithelia and
colonize
 Able to Maintain good viability
 Able to utilize the nutrients and substrates in a
normal diet

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 It should be safe to the host.
 It should not produce any pathogenic or toxic effect.
 It must be resistance to hydrochloric acid, bile
and pancreatic juice.
 It should have anti-carcinogenic activity.
 It should produce lactic acid.
 It should retain viability during storage and use.
 It should stimulate the immune system of the body.
 It should have the ability to colonize the
gastrointestinal tract.

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 Effects of probiotics are strain specific.
 Strain identity is important to link a strain to a specific
health effect as well as to enable accurate surveillance
and epidemiological studies.
 Both phenotypicand genotypic tests should be
 Done using validated standard methodology.
International Committee on Systematicof Prokaryotes
(ICPS).

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 Restore the balance b/w ‘Good’and ‘bad’bacteria in gut
secrete bactericidal protein
 ↓ses the pH
epithelium by• Block the attachment & invasion of
pathogens
• Improve epithelial barrier function
↑ mucus production
↑ barrier integrity

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 Alter host immune responses
stimulate IgAproduction
↓ proinflammatory cytokines
• Produce β-galactosidase, so digest lactose
• ↓ production of carcinogenic metabolites

16.  In ancient Indian
society, it became
common place (and
still is) to enjoy a
before-dinner yogurt
drink called a lassi.
These Indian
traditions were based
on the principle of
using milk as a
probiotic delivery
system to the body. 16

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 Probiotics were identified to beneficially affect
the host by improving its intestinal microbial
balance, thus inhibiting pathogens and toxin
producing bacteria.
 Today, specific health effects are being
investigated and documented including alleviation
of chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases,
prevention and treatment of pathogen-induced
diarrhoea, urogenital infections, and atopic
diseases.

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1. Antibiotic associated diarrhea
2. Probiotics and Cancer
3. Hepatic Diseases
4. Helicobacter pylori Infections
6. Use of probiotics beyond GIT
(Allergy)

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Due to the many benefits of probiotics in the
absence of any risk, they have become a useful tool
for the medical community. They not only boost the
functioning of the immune system, they naturally
aid in fighting bad bacteria by supplying the body
with enough good to keep the body in symbiosis.
Unlike most traditional therapies for disease and
illness, there are no side effects or risks associated
with them, nor is there a risk of overdose that leads
to the need for a prescription, or the monitoring of
a physician.

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 Alvarez-Olmos MI, Oberhelma
n
RA; Oberhelman
(2001)
.
moder
n
"Probiotic agents and infectious diseases:
a perspective on a
traditional therapy". Clin.Infect. Dis. 32 (11): 1567–76.
 Fuller R (May 1989). "Probiotics in man and
animals". The Journal of Applied Bacteriology 66
(5): 365–78.
 Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 20
(1367– 1377): 1367–1377.
 Quigley EMM: The future of probiotics. In
Probiotics in Pediatric Medicine. Edited by Michail
S, Sherman P. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press;
2008:323-329