Junior Cert Ordinance Survey Mapwork Presentation. Deals with grid references, scale, interpretation etc.

2.  Scale is the relationship between distance on a map and
distance on the ground
 A scale of 1CM to 1 KM means that every centimetre on the
map is equal to 1 kilometre on the ground

3.  Representative Fraction (RF) – a ratio that tells us the scale.
Eg. 1:50,000 means every one centimetre on the map equals
50,000 centimetres on the ground
 Statement of Scale – scale is stated. E.g. on most maps, scale
is 2cm (on map) to 1Kilometre (on ground)
 Linear Scale – A line on the map showing the scale

4. Linear Scale
Statement of Scale

5.  Small Scale Map – Shows a Large Area with little detail
 Large Scale Map – Shows a Small Area with great detail

8.  Straight Line Distance: Place a straight edge of paper on a
map, mark the paper where each point touches it, use the
linear scale to measure the distance
 Curved Line: Break the line into little straight sections and
measure them

11.  In an Ordinance Survey (OS) Map, North is always towards the
top
 2 Centimetres on an OS Map represents 1 Kilometre on the
ground
 Each grid box on a map represents 1 square Kilometre
1km² 1km² 1km² 1km² 1km² 1km² 1km² 1km² 1km²
1km² 1km² 1km² 1km² 1km² 1km² 1km² 1km² 1km²

12.  To calculate the area of a square or rectangular shape –
just count all the squares
 To calculate the area of an irregular shape (e.g. a lake,
bay etc.) – only count the squares that are more than
half full

14. 2 Es and 1 S –
More east
than southeast
2 Ns and 1 W
– more north
than
Northwest

17.  Used to pinpoint location on a map
 Four Figure – location of a Square
 Six Figure – location of a Point in a square
 How do you write down a grid reference? LEN will tell you
 LEN – Letter, Easting, Northing
 Always pick the Bottom Left Corner of the square for your
reference

18. “Go along the corridor
before you go up the
stairs”

19.  Remember the Key Term – LEN – Letter, Easting,
Northing
•Find the BOTTOM LEFT Corner of
the square
•Write the Letter (P)
• Go straight down until you find
the Easting
•Go left until you find the Northing

20. 1. Find the Square 1. Draw line down from
the left hand corner
1. Draw line left from the
left hand corner

21. This box
is located
at
M 29 23
What is the
location of this
island?

22.  Same process as before – except that you imagine that
the side of each grid square is divided into ten
 Four figure – M 33 24
 Six Figure – M 335 244
 The numbers in red are the extra imaginary numbers

25. The Campsite
is located at
M 324 246
4
6

27. Colour gives you a
rough idea of
how high up a
place is
Brown is used to
show high areas –
the higher you go,
the darker the
brown
Green shows low-lying
areas

28.  These show exact height of a point – both give height
in metres
 Triangulation pillars are usually seen on mountain
tops.
 Spot heights .153 can be anywhere on a map.

29. Contours are lines on
maps that join places of
equal height.
Usually drawn at 10
metre intervals

30.  Slope (also called gradient) is shown by spacing of
contours on maps.
 Contours widely spaced apart – gentle slopes
 Contours close together – steep slopes

34.  What type of slope exists between G 649 369 and the
top of Cummeen Hill?
 What type of slope exists on the western sides of
Benbulben?
 What type of slope exists on the eastern side of
Knocknarea?

36. How high is your
mountain?
What kind of slopes
are on it? Convex,
Concave or Even?

37.  Guaranteed Junior Cert Question – Sketch only what the
question asks
 Marking Scheme:
◦ Frame (1 mark)
◦ Orientation (1 mark)
◦ Show & Label 4 features (1 mark each shown, 1 mark each labelled)
◦ Has it got a frame?
◦ Is it the right shape?
◦ Everything fully drawn?
◦ Labelled?

39. How many marks would this map get?

40.  Draw a sketch of this map and show the following:
◦ Frame
◦ Proper Orientation
◦ The N4/15
◦ The R291
◦ The Built up area of Rosses Point
◦ The Coastline
◦ Land above 100m above sea level

41.  Sketch this map and show the following
◦ The Coastline
◦ The N70 Road
◦ The built up area of Caherdaniel
◦ The Finglas River

42.  Relief – shape of the landscape (height, slope,
landforms)
Upland area (lots of brown)
Roads cutting across steep
slopes
Lowlying areas (green)
Gap between two high
(brown) areas

43.  Well drained areas – few rivers and lakes, many roads
and settlement
 Poorly drained areas – lots of surface water, few roads,
much coniferous forest

49. Ancient Settlement – very old, often no longer occupied –
marked in Red
Urban Settlement – towns, villages and cities. Also called
Built Up Areas – marked in grey

50.  Rural Settlement – Isolated houses in the countryside.
◦ Nucleated Settlement – around a centre point, e.g. Houses near a
crossroads
◦ Linear or Ribbon Settlement – houses stretched along a line (usually a
road)
◦ Dispersed Settlement – scattered around the landscape at random.
Usually farmers houses.

53.  Page 193
 W 305 737 ______________________
 W 348 695 ______________________
 W 317 733 ______________________
 W 346 728 ______________________

54.  Altitude (height above sea level)
 Aspect (if you face south you will get more sunshine)
 Shelter (a valley is usually sheltered from winds, a hill
or mountain is not)
 Slope – flat or gentle slopes are easier to build on
 Drainage – poorly drained areas are prone to flooding
and may be unsuitable for agriculture
 Communications – An area that has good roads (like a
town) is more suitable for development

57.  These are usually provided in urban areas.
 Services are usually provided by people in towns –such
as Garda, Post Office, tourism (hotels, restaurants etc),
educational (schools), sports (swimming pools, sports
stadiums etc)
 Functions are usually provided by land use – e.g.
Roads, railways, castles etc.

59. Forests are either Coniferous,
Deciduous (natural) or mixed (both
types)

61.  Most well drained lowland in Ireland is used for
agriculture (in the countryside) or building (in urban
areas)
 Houses back from the main road are usually
farmhouses

62. Industrial Areas (called
Industrial Estates, or Ind
Est on maps) need to be
close to services, transport
and built up areas

64.  Tourists can come to an area for:
◦ Landscape types (e.g. Mountains, Beaches, Forests)
◦ Services and Facilities (Hotels, Campsites, Tourist info centres)
◦ Antiquities
◦ Why would tourists come
here?

65. 1. Name the Attraction
2. Locate it using a Grid Reference
3. Explain Why it could be used
“There is a beach located at
W005 285 which can be used for
swimming and sunbathing”

66.  1 ____________________________
 2 ____________________________
 3 ____________________________
 ...then go onto page 193

67.  A Slice through a landscape to show its shape or profile