The document discusses the history and development of settlements in Ireland. It provides information on: - The first settlers arrived in Ireland during the Mesolithic period from 7000 BC onwards via the land bridge at the end of the last ice age and settled in the northeast of Ireland. - Factors that influence settlement patterns include historic, social, and physical geographic factors such as the location of rivers, fertile soils, and monastic sites. - Dublin is the primate city with over twice the population of the next largest city, Cork. Other topics covered include types of towns, functions of settlements, and transportation networks.

2.  Arrived during the M__________c Period (Middle Stone age)
from 7000 BC onwards
 Arrived via L___ B______at the end of the Ice Age
 First settlers settled in the N____ E_____and were H_____-
G__________
 Early farmers built megalithic tombs like Dolmens

8.  Settlement pattern: is the way in which settlements
are distributed or arranged
 Dispersed: Scattered around an area
 Linear: Ribboned/In a line/ Along roads.
 Nucleated: Clustered/ where roads or rivers meet.
 Most urban (cities/towns) are nucleated. Patterns can
be determined by
 Historic Factors
 Social Factors
 Physical Factors

10. Linear
Nucleated
Dispersed

11. Settled in the South
and East of Ireland
W________,
D________ and
L_________ are all
Viking settlements
Ford - Fjord

12.  Before modern times, Monasteries acted as Hospitals and
Schools
 Towns often grew up around Monastic Sites for this reason
 Examples: Ennis, Co. Clare, Monasterevin Co. Kildare,
C___________ in Offaly
 Monaster – from Monasteries

13.  Normans were descendants of the Vikings who had settled in
Normandy, France
 Developed many of Ireland’s Castles and founded towns such
as T____ and K__________ (pictured)

14.  Most common in Ulster – built by the new immigrants
(planters)
 Often contain a Diamond (town square)
 Example – V_______, Co. Cavan

15.  Built in the 17th and 18th Centuries by members of the
Protestant Ascendancy
 Long straight streets, very “English” appearance
 Example – K_________, Co. Clare

18.  Primate City – a city that has at least twice the
population of the next city in the same country.
 Dublin City Population – 600,000 people
 Cork City Population – 125,000 people.
 County Dublin Population – 1,300,000

20.  Altitude (Height above sea level)
 Towns are found in lowland areas as they are easy to
build on.
 Lowland is warmer, and has deeper soil (less
erosion/mass movement)
 Good transport networks.
 Drainage
 Towns develop on land that is well drained by rivers or
streams.

21.  Rivers
 Towns built along rivers. They provide water for
cooking, cleaning, drinking.
 They are a good form of transport.
 Settlements built on dry point sites, on flood plains
of mature rivers.
 Bridging point of rivers is where roads usually
converge. People meet, business develops, towns
grow.

22.  Fertile soil attracted farmers, resulting in market towns
developing.
 The east and south of Ireland have good soils – towns
such as Thurles began because of the need for farmers
to sell their produce

23.  Originally trading posts, some of these settlements have
developed as a result of tourism
 Eg. Bettystown, Co. Meath (Tourism) or Killybegs Co. Donegal
(Fishing)

25. What are the factors
behind the location of
Kenmare Town?

29. Densely populated country –
where to put everyone?
Built ______ (dams) to hold back
the sea and created new land
called _________
The ________ _____ ________
is the 20th century project to
enclose a sea inlet called the
Z_______ Z___ and create new
land in it.

31. Dyke
Polder

35.  Village
 Market
 Defense
 Resource
 Port
 Residential/Dormitory
 Recreation
 Ecclesiastical

36. Residential
Industrial
Commercial
Educational
Public Buildings
Open Spaces
Transport
Services

37.  Give three reasons why Macroom developed at this
location
 Give three functions of the town of Macroom, referring
to the Map.
 Why is there very little settlement south of Northing
69
 Identify two land uses on on the map
 This area has a long history of settlement. Explain with
reference to the map

43. Canal
Natural River
Channel

47.  Most towns in Ireland change some of their functions over
time.
 Trim was once a defensive site, what are it’s functions today?
 Navan started as a market town, today it has a resource
function – mining Zinc & Lead
 Also functions as a Dormitory
Town (what does that mean?)

51. The Irish Motorway
Network spreads out from
Dublin to serve the
country.
How do roads aid the
distribution of
settlements?

55. •Located in County _____
•Important employer in the
area
• Provides direct access to
international markets
• Connected by ____
motorway to the rest of
Ireland