This document provides information about maps, globes, and geography skills. It discusses key features of globes like hemispheres and accurate representation of size and distance. It also summarizes different types of map projections and their advantages and disadvantages in representing shape, size, and distance. Finally, it outlines skills for interpreting, reading, and using maps like legends, symbols, scales, grids, directions, and latitude and longitude.

1. Map and Globe
Skills
Mr. Coltabaugh
World Geography

2. Using Globes
 Globe is a scale model of the Earth
 Represents size, shape, distance,
and direction accurately.
 Hemisphere -- 4
–Northern/Southern
–Eastern/Western

3. Using Globes
 Equator Circumference = 24,902 miles
 Equator Diameter = 7,926 miles
 Polar Circumference = 24,860 miles
 Polar Diameter = 7, 899 miles
 Is the earth round?
– Oblated Spheroid

4. Understanding Map Projections
 Map – flat drawing of all or part of earth.
 Cannot accurately display round earth on a
flat surface
 Distortions -- size, shape, or distance
– Equal Area – shows size
– Conformal map shows shape

5. Map Projections
Type Advantage Disadvantage
Mercator Shape and Distance Size at Poles
Sea Navigation L&L =90
Robinson Shape/Good World Map Edge
Mollweide Size Shape at Edges
Interrupted Size and Shape Gaps in Distance
Polar Distance/ Aerial/Navigation Around Edges

6. Interpreting Maps
 Title – Type of Information
 Legend or Key – Shows
meaning of symbols
 Symbols – Line, color, dot,
picture, or star to represent
something.

7. Interpreting Maps
 Types
– Physical
– Political
– Weather
– Road
– Population
– Economic

8. Reading a Physical Map
 Shows features of the land and location
 Elevation – Height above Sea Level
 Sea Level – Surface of Ocean
 Highland – Hills, Mountains, Plateaus
 Lowlands – Valleys and Plains

9. Reading a Physical Map
 Land surface relief
–Difference between highest and
lowest points
–High relief – sizable drops and rises
in surface
–Low relief – land rise or falls only
slightly over a long distance.

10. Telling Directions
 Determine which direction first?
Why?
 Once you know which direction is
NORTH you can figure out the
other directions
 Cardinal N, E, S, W
 Intermediate NE, SE, NW, SW.

11. Telling Directions
 Direction Arrow – indicates
North
 Compass Rose – Shows all four
cardinal and intermediate
directions.

12. Using Scale
 Scale – line that tells how many miles
or kilometers on earth that are
represented by certain units on the
map.
 Map Area – map that show a large
area in a small space are limited in the
details that they can show.
 Maps that show a small area in a large
space can often show many details.

13. Using A Grid
 Grid – pattern of regular sections
identified by a system of numbering
and lettering.
 Horizontal and vertical lines meet to
form blocks.
 Index – list place and grid locations in
alphabetical order.

14. Latitude and Longitude
Global Grid – Two sets of lines
Parallels of latitude – Horizontals
Run all the way around the globe, never
meet, parallel to the equator.
Meridians of longitude – Vertical
Goes halfway around the globe, meet at
two points – North and South Pole.

15. Latitude and Longitude
Unit of measure – Degrees
Degrees of latitude 1 = 69 miles
Equator 0 latitude
Poles 90 latitude