New movements in Ireland - The Buildup to the 1916 Rising
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Slides on the GAA, Gaelic League, Literary Revival and the Socialist Movement in Ireland from 1880 to 1916
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1916 rising
The leaders of the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) began planning an uprising in Ireland after World War I began. They formed a military council to organize the 1916 Easter Rising in Dublin. Though their plans were kept secret, British intelligence arrested Roger Casement as he arrived from Germany with weapons. The Rising began as planned on Easter Monday but was confined to Dublin due to the Volunteers leader calling it off. After heavy fighting that destroyed parts of Dublin, the rebels surrendered unconditionally.
Anglo irish treaty 1921
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- During two nights of bombing in April 1941, waves of German planes dropped high explosives and incendiary bombs across Belfast, especially hitting working class areas and an air raid shelter, causing widespread damage and casualties.
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The document summarizes events in Ireland after the 1916 Easter Rising up until the Irish Civil War. It describes how initially public sympathy was not with the rebels after the Rising due to the damage caused. However, the British execution of rebel leaders swung public opinion in their favor. Sinn Fein grew in popularity advocating for full Irish independence. They established the Dáil Éireann parliament and won a landslide in the 1918 election. This led to the War of Independence against British forces. The British use of the Black and Tans exacerbated the conflict. While the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty established Irish self-government, it was rejected by anti-Treaty IRA forces, leading to the Irish Civil War between pro
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Slides on the 1916 Rising in Dublin for Junior Certificate History. Contains some crosswords and questions from past papers
The rise of sinn fein
Sinn Fein grew rapidly after the 1916 Easter Rising when the British government mistakenly blamed the rebellion on the party. Membership increased tenfold as republican prisoners released from internment camps joined and helped organize Sinn Fein. In elections in 1917-1918, Sinn Fein established itself as the leading nationalist party in Ireland, winning seats and further growth. The British government's failed attempts to introduce conscription and claim Sinn Fein collaborated with Germany only increased Irish support for the republican party. In the 1918 general election held after World War 1, Sinn Fein captured 73 seats, becoming the dominant force in Irish politics.
1916 rising
The leaders of the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) began planning an uprising in Ireland after World War I began. They formed a military council to organize the 1916 Easter Rising in Dublin. Though their plans were kept secret, British intelligence arrested Roger Casement as he arrived from Germany with weapons. The Rising began as planned on Easter Monday but was confined to Dublin due to the Volunteers leader calling it off. After heavy fighting that destroyed parts of Dublin, the rebels surrendered unconditionally.
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The document provides background information on the Easter Rising of 1916 in Ireland. It discusses the roots of Irish unrest and failed rebellions leading up to 1916. It profiles the leaders of the 1916 uprising, Padraic Pearse and James Connolly. It describes the uprising itself, which lasted six days in Dublin and declared an Irish Republic. Though the rebellion was defeated, it garnered sympathy for the Irish cause and paved the way for continued resistance against British rule.
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- During two nights of bombing in April 1941, waves of German planes dropped high explosives and incendiary bombs across Belfast, especially hitting working class areas and an air raid shelter, causing widespread damage and casualties.
- The Blitz had long term effects of consolidating Northern Ireland's position within the UK and further distancing the neutral Republic of Ireland, as well as stimulating postwar rebuilding efforts and investment.
Easter rising 1916
The document summarizes plans for the 1916 Easter Rising in Ireland. It describes how the Irish Volunteers and Citizen's Army planned an uprising to end British rule in Ireland and establish an independent republic. Their plans were disrupted when British intelligence intercepted a shipment of weapons from Germany. On Easter Monday 1916, the rebels went ahead and took over key locations in Dublin, reading the Easter Proclamation. After six days of fighting, the rebels surrendered to British forces. This led to hundreds of arrests and executions, turning the rebel leaders into martyrs and galvanizing Irish nationalism.
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The document discusses the Home Rule movement in Ireland and the political crisis it caused in Britain between 1909-1914. It outlines that Nationalists wanted Home Rule and an Irish parliament, while Unionists in Ulster wanted to remain part of Britain. This caused tensions, with Unionists forming the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) of over 100,000 men to resist Home Rule. Nationalists responded by forming the Irish Volunteers. Both groups began importing arms, increasing the threat of civil war. World War 1 interrupted this by postponing Home Rule, though tensions remained high.
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John Redmond, leader of the Home Rule Party, convinced Prime Minister Asquith to grant home rule to Ireland in 1910. However, unionists strongly opposed home rule, fearing discrimination under Catholic rule. They organized under Sir Edward Carson and Sir James Craig, holding protests and forming armed groups like the Ulster Volunteer Force. Nationalists responded in kind with the Irish National Volunteers. As tensions rose, World War I broke out in 1914, postponing the home rule issue.
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During World War 2, Ireland declared neutrality to assert its sovereignty and independence following the partition of Ireland in 1921. Ireland pursued a policy of pro-Allied neutrality by secretly assisting Britain through weather reports and allowing escaped Allied prisoners while maintaining economic trade. This policy was popular among the Irish people who were spared the suffering of war but it created tensions with Britain and the United States who wanted Ireland to join the Allied effort more directly. The war had significant economic impacts on Ireland through rationing, unemployment, inflation, and difficulties obtaining imports.
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The document discusses the history of Irish republicanism and the IRA from their origins in the late 19th century up through the Irish War of Independence and subsequent Irish Civil War. It covers events like the Easter Rising of 1916, the First Dáil declaration of independence, the Anglo-Irish War from 1919-1921, and the split in the IRA that led to the civil war between pro-Treaty and anti-Treaty factions in 1922.
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The Home Rule crisis in Britain led to political instability in 1909-1914. Nationalists in Ireland reacted angrily to the prospect of Home Rule being delayed again. Unionists in Ulster formed the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) to resist Home Rule, prompting Nationalists to form their own Irish Volunteer force to secure Home Rule for all of Ireland. The outbreak of World War 1 caused the implementation of Home Rule to be postponed until after the war ended.
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The Irish Civil War began in 1922 after the Irish Free State was established through the Anglo-Irish Treaty and split the Irish Republican Army into pro-treaty and anti-treaty factions. Fighting broke out in Dublin in April 1922 between the newly formed National Army and anti-treaty IRA forces, resulting in many deaths on both sides. A guerrilla war ensued over the next year as the National Army sought to defeat the IRA across southern Ireland. The war ended in 1923 with the defeat of the IRA after their leader Liam Lynch was killed and the remaining forces dropped their arms under a truce. The civil war caused thousands of casualties among combatants and civilians and had long-lasting political and economic impacts on Ireland
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During World War 2, Ireland declared neutrality. This was difficult to maintain given Ireland's reliance on imports and vulnerability to invasion. The Irish government interned IRA members and German spies to preserve neutrality. Ireland experienced shortages due to supply issues. Dublin was bombed by Germany, though they claimed it was accidental. Overall, Ireland balanced maintaining neutrality while supporting the Allied cause through trade.
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The document discusses the history of the Irish Home Rule movement from the late 19th century through World War 1. It covers the political parties that supported and opposed Home Rule, the resistance in Ulster, various Home Rule bills proposed, and the impact of events like the Easter Rising of 1916. Key figures and groups discussed include Charles Stewart Parnell, William Gladstone, the Irish Nationalist Party led by John Redmond, the Ulster Unionist Party led by Edward Carson, and the nationalist Sinn Fein party.
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Easter Rising
The Easter Rising took place in Dublin in 1916 and was the first rebellion in Ireland since 1798. About 1,250 Irish Republican Brotherhood members, Irish Citizen Army members, and Cumman na mBan members seized control of parts of Dublin, with their headquarters at the GPO. Pádraig Pearse read the Proclamation of Independence from the GPO but after fierce fighting, the rebels surrendered to British forces the following Saturday. Elizabeth O'Farrell, a midwife and member of Cumman na mBan, served as a messenger and nurse during the Rising and delivered the surrender message to the British Army, though she was later imprisoned for months.
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During World War 2, Ireland declared neutrality. Taoiseach Eamon de Valera argued this was necessary due to the ongoing partition of Ireland and the hostility many still felt towards Britain. The emergency powers act gave the government control to maintain safety. While neutrality helped Ireland avoid direct war impacts, it came at an economic cost through trade limitations and isolation from postwar support. Overall, neutrality was a popular policy that protected Ireland's independence despite challenges.
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The document provides a history of the conflict in Ireland from the 16th century to present day. It describes how British colonization of Ireland led Irish Catholics to revolt against Protestant rule. This caused tensions between Irish nationalists seeking independence and Northern Irish unionists wanting to remain part of the UK. Major events like the Easter Rising and subsequent Irish War of Independence exacerbated the conflict. The document then outlines The Troubles of the 20th century and efforts towards peace like the Good Friday Agreement.
The Home Rule Crisis and World War One in Ireland
John Redmond, leader of the Home Rule Party, convinced Prime Minister Asquith to grant home rule to Ireland in 1910. However, unionists strongly opposed home rule, fearing discrimination under Catholic rule. They organized under Sir Edward Carson and Sir James Craig, holding protests and forming armed groups like the Ulster Volunteer Force. Nationalists responded in kind with the Irish National Volunteers. As tensions rose, World War I broke out in 1914, postponing the home rule issue.
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The First Dáil was established in 1919 by Sinn Féin members who refused to take seats in the British House of Commons. They began organizing their own government and courts in Ireland. The War of Independence began in 1919 with an IRA ambush of British forces. The IRA used guerrilla tactics against the British army. Michael Collins established an intelligence network to gather information on British spies and informers. As the conflict escalated, the British recruited the Black and Tans and Auxiliaries, whose reprisal attacks harmed many innocent Irish civilians. There were several major violent incidents in 1920-1921 until both sides agreed to a truce in July 1921 due to shortages on the IRA side and rising criticism and
Ireland and world war two
During World War 2, Ireland declared neutrality to assert its sovereignty and independence following the partition of Ireland in 1921. Ireland pursued a policy of pro-Allied neutrality by secretly assisting Britain through weather reports and allowing escaped Allied prisoners while maintaining economic trade. This policy was popular among the Irish people who were spared the suffering of war but it created tensions with Britain and the United States who wanted Ireland to join the Allied effort more directly. The war had significant economic impacts on Ireland through rationing, unemployment, inflation, and difficulties obtaining imports.
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The document discusses several posters related to key events in the Northern Ireland conflict from 1968-2007. It provides historical context and commentary on posters commemorating Bloody Sunday, opposing internment, reacting to the Sunningdale and Anglo-Irish Agreements, and responding to events like the Omagh bombing and Bobby Sands' hunger strike. The posters represented important political and social viewpoints and helped shape narratives around major turning points in the peace process.
Fianna fail political developments
Fianna Fail came to power in 1932 under Eamon de Valera and began dismantling the Anglo-Irish Treaty over the next several years. De Valera passed laws removing Ireland from British control and creating a new constitution in 1937 that made Ireland a republic in name. However, Ireland remained in the Commonwealth to avoid antagonizing Britain. De Valera also had to contend with the fascist Blueshirts organization and eventually banned them, seeing them as a threat. He initially supported the IRA but later banned it as well when it became a threat to his power.
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The document summarizes the key events of the Irish War of Independence between 1919-1921. It describes how the Irish Republican Army (IRA) engaged in guerrilla warfare against British forces using ambushes and hit-and-run tactics. In response, the British government recruited the Black and Tans and Auxiliaries, who used violent reprisals against Irish civilians which escalated the conflict. As violence increased on both sides, both the British and IRA grew weary of the ongoing war and a truce was agreed to in July 1921.
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The document summarizes the reaction to the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 in Ireland. It discusses the key aspects of the treaty including establishing the Irish Free State and retaining dominion status within the British Empire. It also outlines the debates in the Dáil Éireann, with arguments both for and against the treaty from military, republican, and moderate perspectives. In the end, the Dáil narrowly voted to accept the treaty by 64 to 57 votes.
The third home rule bill
The document discusses the events surrounding the introduction of the Third Home Rule Bill in 1912 in Ireland. It summarizes that John Redmond believed Ireland was now peaceful, but opposition groups in Ulster soon openly defied the bill and rival military groups prepared for conflict. Within 10 years, Ireland was in a civil war and divided into two governments. The bill proposed devolving domestic powers to Ireland while retaining British control over foreign policy, but its opponents were willing to resist it by force.
Irish Civil War
The Irish Civil War began as divisions grew between those who supported the Anglo-Irish Treaty (Pro-Treaty) and those opposed to it (Anti-Treaty). Fighting broke out in Dublin as Anti-Treaty forces occupied buildings and the Pro-Treaty forces, led by Michael Collins, attacked in response. The Anti-Treaty forces retreated south but were defeated as the Pro-Treaty army cut off supply lines by sea and land. Key leaders on both sides, including Collins and Arthur Griffith, were killed as the bitter fighting continued for over a year until the Anti-Treaty forces surrendered in 1923 after losing their leader Liam Lynch. The Civil War caused deep divisions in
Apprentice boys of Derry
The document discusses the history of the Apprentice Boys of Derry, a Protestant organization that commemorates the 1689 Siege of Derry. It describes how in 1688, Protestants fled to Derry to escape Catholic King James II. In 1689, when the governor wished to surrender Derry, 13 apprentice boys closed the gates, starting a 105-day siege. The apprentice boys' parades in Derry became controversial and helped spark The Battle of Bogside in 1969, marking the start of The Troubles. The parades were then banned but restrictions were later lifted.
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This talk is in effect a ‘companion piece’ to the ‘Countercultural Imperative’ talk presented in April 2015. The focus is now upon movements and individuals in England during the period 1880-1935. We noted before how German ‘life reformers’ spread their influence directly to the counterculturalists in the USA during the 40s and later 1960s and how many of their ideas (e.g. vegetarianism, spa baths, outdoor pursuits) became mainstream even during their lifetimes. The English experience forms an interesting contrast in that the English as a whole proved less tractable than their German cousins in adopting ‘ruralist’ ideas that were viewed overall as ‘crankish’ and ‘faddist’.
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New movements in Ireland - The Buildup to the 1916 Rising
- 2. New Cultural Movements The culture of a country are some of the non-physical characteristics that make a country distinctive. Some examples are: Language Sport Religion Traditions Art and Literature Dress
- 3. Anglicisation… This was the fear that Ireland was becoming more like England every day – if we didn’t do something about it we would be unfit to govern ourselves Most Unionists had no problem with this but Nationalists didn’t like it and set up organisations to halt the spread of English Influence Did they succeed?
- 4. A success?
- 5. Gaelic Athletic Association Set up by a Clare teacher named Michael Cusack in 1884 As well as establishing a new sport, it gave Irish men (always men at this time) a chance to run a national organisation democratically Michael Cusack
- 6. Gaelic League Set up in 1893 by Douglas Hyde (who later became 1st President of Ireland) and Eoin MacNeill. Wanted to end the decline in people speaking the Irish language It was also felt that Protestants and Catholics could cooperate to revive the language – wishful thinking! The Organisation published a paper called An Claidheamh Soluis (Sword of Light) promoting the Irish Language Still in existence today Eoin MacNeill
- 7. The Literary Revival WB Yeats and other poets and playwrights began writing plays about Irish topics in the 1890s – up to this point most plays were about English issues and topics (e.g. Shakespeare) Yeats helped Lady Gregory set up the Abbey Theatre in 1904 – at last Ireland had a theatre dedicated to promoting Irish plays Most famous play was The Playboy of the Western World – riots broke out in Dublin when it was first performed!
- 8. New Political Movements Sinn Fein – set up in 1905 by Arthur Griffith. Same party is still in existence today (current leader is Gerry Adams) “Sinn Fein” means “ourselves alone” – wanted independence from Britain but at the beginning was committed to peaceful means (no IRA around in 1905). Thought Irish people should just set up their own Parliament in Dublin and ignore the British Willing to keep the King as head of state so Unionists would feel comfortable in an independent Ireland. Gerry Adams
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- 11. Police attacking Strikers in Dublin, 1913
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