The Cell
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Cells are the smallest and fundamental units of life. There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic cells, which are microscopic and consist of a single cell, and eukaryotic cells, which have more complex structures. Plant and animal cells contain similar organelles but also have some differences. Plant cells contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis and a cell wall, while animal cells lack these structures. Both cell types contain a nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, and ribosomes that allow the cell to carry out essential functions.
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The document defines and describes key cellular organelles and structures:
- The nucleus contains DNA and manages cellular functions. The nucleolus produces ribosomes.
- The cell membrane filters materials in and out of the cell. The cytoplasm contains organelles and chemical reactions.
- Organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vacuoles, lysosomes, chloroplasts, and mitochondria have specific functions in protein synthesis, transport, storage, and energy production.
- The cytoskeleton, composed of microtubules and microfilaments, provides structural support. Plastids store materials. Centrioles and cilia/flagella are involved in cell movement. The cell wall surrounds plant cells
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The document describes the main organelles found in eukaryotic cells. It lists and defines the nucleus, plasma membrane, mitochondria, cytoskeleton, lysosomes, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, cytoplasm, cell wall, nucleolus, microtubules, microfilaments, flagella, vacuoles, centrioles, and cilia.
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This presentation shows the structure of the plant cell. Each and every part of the plant cell has explained in a language easy to understand.
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Cells have a cell membrane that encloses the cytoplasm and organelles. The cytoplasm contains a cytoskeleton that maintains the cell's shape. There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic cells which lack membrane-bound structures, and eukaryotic cells which have organelles enclosed in membranes. Organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vacuoles and lysosomes each have specific functions like processing energy and materials, transporting substances and recycling cellular wastes.
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Animal cells lack cell walls and chloroplasts. They contain organelles such as a nucleus that houses DNA, mitochondria that generate energy, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum that produce proteins and membranes, vacuoles that export waste, and ribosomes that synthesize proteins. The cell membrane encloses the cell and controls what enters and exits, while the cytoplasm contains water and proteins and is where cellular activities occur.
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The document defines and describes key cellular organelles and structures:
- The nucleus contains DNA and manages cellular functions. The nucleolus produces ribosomes.
- The cell membrane filters materials in and out of the cell. The cytoplasm contains organelles and chemical reactions.
- Organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vacuoles, lysosomes, chloroplasts, and mitochondria have specific functions in protein synthesis, transport, storage, and energy production.
- The cytoskeleton, composed of microtubules and microfilaments, provides structural support. Plastids store materials. Centrioles and cilia/flagella are involved in cell movement. The cell wall surrounds plant cells
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The document describes the main organelles found in eukaryotic cells. It lists and defines the nucleus, plasma membrane, mitochondria, cytoskeleton, lysosomes, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, cytoplasm, cell wall, nucleolus, microtubules, microfilaments, flagella, vacuoles, centrioles, and cilia.
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This PPT helps the students of class IX NCERT CBSE
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This presentation shows the structure of the plant cell. Each and every part of the plant cell has explained in a language easy to understand.
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Cells have a cell membrane that encloses the cytoplasm and organelles. The cytoplasm contains a cytoskeleton that maintains the cell's shape. There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic cells which lack membrane-bound structures, and eukaryotic cells which have organelles enclosed in membranes. Organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vacuoles and lysosomes each have specific functions like processing energy and materials, transporting substances and recycling cellular wastes.
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Animal cells lack cell walls and chloroplasts. They contain organelles such as a nucleus that houses DNA, mitochondria that generate energy, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum that produce proteins and membranes, vacuoles that export waste, and ribosomes that synthesize proteins. The cell membrane encloses the cell and controls what enters and exits, while the cytoplasm contains water and proteins and is where cellular activities occur.
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Cells have a cell membrane that encloses the cytoplasm and organelles. The cytoplasm contains a cytoskeleton that maintains the cell's shape. Organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vacuoles, and lysosomes perform specialized functions inside the cell. Plant cells additionally have a cell wall and chloroplasts for photosynthesis, while animal cells rely on mitochondria to produce energy from food.
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The document summarizes key aspects of cellular organization and structure. It describes that cells make up tissues, tissues make up organs, and organs make up organ systems. It then discusses the structures and functions of key cellular components in plant and animal cells, including the plasma membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, Golgi apparatus, ER, lysosomes, mitochondria, ribosomes, nucleus, and vacuoles. Finally, it compares the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, noting things like size, presence of membrane-bound organelles, and cell division mechanisms.
Cells the basic Unit of life
The document provides an overview of cells, including:
- Cell is the basic unit of life and comes in many types like animal, plant, stem, and cancer cells.
- Cells can be viewed under a microscope, which has components like eyepieces, objective lenses, and stages.
- Animal cells lack cell walls while plant cells contain chloroplasts and cell walls. Both contain organelles like the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria.
- Differences between plant and animal cells include the presence of chloroplasts and cell walls in plants and centrioles in animals.
- Cells make up tissues, organs, and whole organism systems. Microscope technology allows observation of cellular structures and organ
Introduction cell
The detail introduction of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
The detail of organelles in the cell.
And the comparison of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Types of living cells
Cell membrane
Centrioles
Endoplasmic reticulum
prokaryotes eukaryotes
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Nucleus and nucleolus Ribosomes
Small vacuoles
Cells
The document summarizes key organelles and structures found within eukaryotic cells, including:
1) The cytosol is the jelly-like material within the cell cytoplasm with dissolved substances like amino acids.
2) The nucleus contains the cell's DNA and controls the cell. Inside is the nucleolus which makes ribosomes.
3) Mitochondria convert food into ATP for energy in most eukaryotic cells, with more in muscle cells. They have inner and outer membranes.
4) The endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes proteins and lipids, with ribosomes on the rough ER and no ribosomes on the smooth ER.
This provides a high-level overview of
Cells power point
This document discusses cells and their parts. It describes that there are two primary types of cells - eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Key parts of animal cells are identified as the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes. Plant cells contain similar structures but also have chloroplasts, vacuoles and a cell wall. The nucleus is described as the "brain" of the cell and contains the nucleolus and nuclear membrane. Other organelles like mitochondria, Golgi bodies and peroxisomes perform important functions like breaking down molecules and transporting materials. Pictures of example animal and plant cells are also included.
The structure of the cell.pptx
This document summarizes the structure of a generalized cell. It discusses that cells make up organisms and were first discovered by Robert Hooke. The structure of the cell refers to its components that perform essential life processes. A generalized animal cell consists of a cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm. The cell membrane separates intra- and extracellular materials and controls movement of substances in and out of the cell. The nucleus contains genetic material DNA and nucleolus. The cytoplasm is a gel-like fluid containing organelles that perform specific functions. Organelles include ribosomes for protein synthesis, mitochondria for energy production, and the Golgi body for packaging and transporting proteins and lipids.
Organization of cells notes
Plant and animal cells are both eukaryotic cells that contain membrane-bound organelles. Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts for photosynthesis, while animal cells lack these features. The key components of plant cells include the cell wall, cell membrane, chloroplasts, vacuoles, nucleus, and mitochondria. Plant cells vary in shape but are generally cube-shaped. Animal cells come in various irregular shapes and sizes, and their organelles include the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, and ribosomes. Both plant and animal cells work together through their specialized organelles to carry out functions necessary for survival.
Plant cell
The document discusses several key components of cells including the cell membrane, nucleus, vacuoles, chloroplasts, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and differences between animal and plant cells. The cell membrane forms the boundary of cells and is selectively permeable. The nucleus houses genetic material and controls gene expression. Vacuoles store waste and maintain pressure. Chloroplasts facilitate photosynthesis in plant cells. The cytoplasm and organelles hold cellular structures and mediate metabolic processes.
Cell organelles
Cell organelles are small structures within cells that perform specific functions. The main organelles include the nucleus, which contains DNA and controls the cell; mitochondria, which generate energy; and the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, chloroplasts, and cytoskeleton, each of which has a specialized function in the cell. Organelles are surrounded by membranes that allow transport of materials in and out and provide structure and protection to the organelle.
Chapter 4-1232902759297606-1
This document provides information about cell structure and function. It begins by outlining cell theory, including that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function, and cells only come from existing cells. It then discusses cell diversity in shape, size, and function. The rest of the document describes specific parts of eukaryotic cells like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, as well as comparing plant and animal cells. Key cellular structures and their functions are defined.
cell organelles 4.pdf
This document summarizes the organelles found in eukaryotic cells and their functions. It describes the nucleus, which controls the cell and stores DNA; the cytoplasm, where most chemical reactions occur; the cell membrane, which regulates what enters and exits the cell; and other organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, centrioles, cytoskeleton, cilia, and flagella. Each organelle has a specific structure and role in the cell.
B.Sc. Biochemistry II Cellular Biochemistry Unit 2 Cellular components
This document provides information on the ultrastructure of cells. It discusses the organelles found within eukaryotic cells like the nucleus, which contains DNA and RNA, and the nuclear envelope that surrounds it. It also describes mitochondria, which generate energy for the cell, and chloroplasts in plant cells, which use chlorophyll and photosynthesis to harness energy from sunlight. Finally, it mentions the endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes, which are involved in protein synthesis.
Animal and Plant Cell.pptx
This document provides information on the main organelles found within cells, including their structure and functions. It describes the cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, nuclear membrane, nucleolus, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, mitochondria, chromosomes, chloroplasts, vesicles, vacuoles, and centrioles. Each component has a brief definition of its role in the cell when clicked on.
Animal Cell Essay
Characteristics Of Animal Cells
My Organelle Research Paper
Compariosn of Animal Cells and Plant Cells Essay
Organelles In Animal Cells Essay
How Do Organelles Work Together
Animal and Plants Cell Structures
Animal Cells Essay
Animal Cell Dbq
Comparing Two Types Of Animal Cells
Plant And Animal Cells Essay
Animal Cell Specialization
Animal Cell Structure
Animal Cell Vs Human Body
Essay about Comparing Animal Cells to Plant Cells
Compare And Contrast Plant Cells And Animal Cells
Animal Kingdom Essay
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B.Sc. Biochemistry II Cellular Biochemistry Unit 2 Cellular components
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Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
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The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
Pests of Storage_Identification_Dr.UPR.pdf
InIndia-post-harvestlosses-unscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,accountforabout10percentoftotalfoodgrains
Graininfestation
Directdamage
Indirectly
•theexuviae,skin,deadinsects
•theirexcretawhichmakefoodunfitforhumanconsumption
About600speciesofinsectshavebeenassociatedwithstoredgrainproducts
100speciesofinsectpestsofstoredproductscauseeconomiclosses
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Summary Of transcription and Translation.pdf
Hello Everyone Here We are Sharing You with The process of protien Synthesis in very short points you will be Able to understand It Very well
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
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Wellprovedthatnogranariescanbefilledwithgrainswithoutinsectsastheharvestedproducecontainegg(or)larvae(or)pupae(or)adultinsectinthembecauseoffieldcarryoverinfestationwhichcannotbeavoidedindevelopingcountrieslikeIndia
Simpletechnologiesfortimelydetectionofinsectsinthestoredproduceandtherebyplantimelycontrolmeasures
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We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
�
(
�
−
�
)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
�
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
�
cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
�
) with
Λ
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
�
Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
�
truly diverge from their low-
�
counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Storagedeteriorationisanyformoflossinquantityandqualityofbio-materials.
Themajorcausesofdeteriorationinstorage
•Physical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Chemical
Storageonlypreservesquality.Itneverimprovesquality.
Itisadvisabletostartstoragewithqualityfoodproduct.Productwithinitialpoorqualityquicklydepreciates
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The Cell
- 3. What is a cell? Parts of a plant cell Parts of a animal cell
- 4. What is a cell? -the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. Microscopic organisms typically consist of a single cell, which is either eukaryotic or prokaryotic Two types of cell Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
- 5. Parts of a plant cell Cell Wall Chloroplast Cytoplasm Mitochondrion Endoplasmic Reticulum Nucleus Vacuole Lysosome Golgi complex Ribosomes Plasma Membrane
- 6. Parts of a animal cell • Plasma Membrane • Mitochondrion • Nucleus • Endoplasmic Reticulum • Cytoplasm • Lysosome • Golgi complex • ribosomes
- 7. Cell Wall -a stiff covering that protects plant cells
- 8. Chloroplast -The cell organelle in which photosynthesis takes place. In this organelle the light energy of the sun is converted into chemical energy.
- 9. Cytoplasm -refers to the jelly-like material with organelles in it.
- 10. Mitochondrion -are membrane-enclosed organelles distributed through the cytosol of most eukaryotic cells. Their main function is the conversion of the potential energy of food molecules into ATP
- 11. Endoplasmic Reticulum • It is a network of membranes throughout the cytoplasm of the cell. There are two types of ER. When ribosomes are attached it is called rough ER and smooth ER when there are no ribosomes attached.
- 12. Nucleus • The nucleus is the control center of the cell. It is the largest organelle in the cell and it contains the DNA of the cell. The DNA of all cells is made up of chromosomes.
- 13. Vacuole - Vacuoles are storage organelles in cells. Either structure may store water, waste products, food, and other cellular materials. In plant cells, the vacuole may take up most of the cell's volume.
- 14. Lysosomes Lysosomes function as the cell's recycling compartment.
- 15. Golgi complex -It is organelle in the cell that is responsible for sorting and correctly shipping the proteins produced in the ER
- 16. Plasma Membrane Contains cell contents
- 17. Ribosomes • Organelles that help in the synthesis of proteins. Ribosomes are made up of two parts, called subunits.