This document summarizes the structure of a generalized cell. It discusses that cells make up organisms and were first discovered by Robert Hooke. The structure of the cell refers to its components that perform essential life processes. A generalized animal cell consists of a cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm. The cell membrane separates intra- and extracellular materials and controls movement of substances in and out of the cell. The nucleus contains genetic material DNA and nucleolus. The cytoplasm is a gel-like fluid containing organelles that perform specific functions. Organelles include ribosomes for protein synthesis, mitochondria for energy production, and the Golgi body for packaging and transporting proteins and lipids.

1. BMLT 117 CELL STRUCTURE PROJECT 1
A PRESENTATION BY GROUP THREE
TOPIC: THE STRUCTURE OF THE
CELL

2. There are about trillions of cells that makes up an
organism.
• The word cell was derived from cellula meaning
small room which was discovered by an English
scientist Robert Hooke in 1665.
• A cell is a membrane bound unit that contains
the fundamental molecule of life of which all
living things are composed of. In simple words
the cell is basic functional unit of life.
• The Structure of the cell refers to the
components of the cell that performs essential
life processes..
Introduction

3. The cell
The cell of an organism can be grouped into
plant and animal cell.
 The Animal cell/Human cell.

5. Parts of the human cell
A generalized human cell consist of three
parts namely
 The cell membrane/plasma
membrane.
 Nucleus.
 Cytoplasm.

6. And Its Components
The Structure of a generalized cell

7. • The cell membrane is also known as the
plasma membrane .
• It is made up of a phospholipid bilayers
molecules interspersed with proteins.
• It separates the materials outside the cell
(extracellular )from the materials inside the
cell (intracellular).
• It controls the movement of substances in
and out of the cell.
The cell membrane

8. Nucleus
• The nucleus is a porous structure
mostly in the central part of the cell
having its own membrane known as
the nuclear membrane there is a
round material inside it called the
nucleoplasm.
• The nucleoplasm contains a
threadlike structure called chromatin
that makes up the genetic material
DNA.
• Present in the nucleus is the
nucleolus which is the dense non-
membrane region of RNA and also
the site of ribosome formation.

9. Cytoplasm
• It is a gel-like fluid inside the cell with suspended
little organs called organelles with a finite
structure and performs specific functions the cell.
• It is the medium for chemical reaction.
• It provides a platform upon which all the
functions for cell expansion,growth occur.
• In the cytoplasm materials move by diffusion
which is a physical process that works for short
distances.

10. The organelles
• They are suspended little organ in the
cytoplasm that performs specific
functions.
• They include the
ribosome,mitochondrion,lysosomes,golgi
body,centrosome,rough and smooth
endoplasmic reticulum.

11. Ribosomes
• There are cellular particles made up of RNA
and protein that serve us a site for protein
synthesis in the cell.
• Ribosomes can be found floating freely in the
cytoplasm or attached to the rough
edoplasmic reticulum.

12. Golgi body
 The golgi body is also be called the golgi
apparatus.
▪ It is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells
which are responsible for the packaging and
transporting of protein and lipids inside the
cell
▪ .The golgi body undergoes self death to
remove harmful and unneeded cell in a
process called apoptosis.

13. Lysosome
• it is a membrane bound organelle
that contains digestive enzymes.
• They breakdown excess or worn out
cell parts and may be used to
invade viruses and bacteria.
• If the cell is damaged beyound
repairs, the lysosome can help it to
self destruct in the of apoptosis.

14. Structure of mitochondrion
Mitochondrion
• It a sausage like structure
within the cell having its
own DNA and produces
energy .
• They help turn the enery we
take from food into energy
the cell can use.
• Produces the high energy
compound ATP.
• The amount of
mitochondria in a cell
reflects its energy
requirements.

15. Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Thin folded membranes that are connected
together.
• Two types: Smooth and Rough.
• The smooth is ribosome free
• The rough contains ribosomes and releases
newly made protein from the cell.

17. Centrosome
• It is an organelle found close to the nucleus
that controls organization of microtubules
which provides spindle fibres during mitosis or
nuclear division.

18. THANK YOU ALL FOR LISTENING.