This presentation discusses decision making. It defines decision making as the act of making up your mind after consideration. There are two types of decision making situations: programmed, which are routine decisions made through predetermined rules, and non-programmed, which are novel situations without set rules. The presentation outlines factors for effective decision making like perception, priority, and judgment. It also describes the four functions of decision making: planning, controlling, organizing, and leading. Models of decision making discussed include the rational model and non-rational models like satisficing and incremental. The 6 C's of decision making and managing diversity in group decision making are also summarized.

1. PRESENTATION ON DECISION
MAKING

2. Presentation Layout
• Define of Decision Making.
• Situation of Decision Making.
• Factors of an Effective Decision Making.
• Four Functions of Decision Making.
• Models of Decision Making.
• 6 C’s of Decision Making.
• Managing Diversity.
• Overcoming Barriers to an Effective Decision Making.
• Conclusion.

3. Definition
• The act of making up your mind about something on
a positon or opinion or judgment reached after
consideration.
• The process of selecting from several choices,
products or ideas & taking action.

4. Differences in Decision Making
Situation
• There are Two Situation
 Programmed Decision Making
Programmed Decision are those made in routine, repetitive, well
structured situation through the use of predetermined Decision rules.
 Non- Programmed Decision Making
Non-Programmed Decision are those for which predetermined decision
rules are impractical because the situations are novel and/or relatively ill
structured.

5. Factors of an Effective
Decision Making
• Perception
• Priority
• Acceptability
• Demands
• Style
• Resources
• Judgment

6. • PERCEPTION – “know before you make.”
• PRIORITY – without knowing what you want there cant be any decision
made about.
• ACCEPTABILITY – accept whether its hard or easy if you think your
decision is correct.
• DEMANDS – make sure that no one gets hurt by your decision.
• RESOURCES – make your way with what is available. don’t ask for more in
the region of scarcity.
• JUDGMENT – go on with the correct decision.

7. Four Functions of Decision
Making

8. Planning
• Planning is an art and science of converting a
set of objectives to realization through a
series of steps executed in an organized and
predicted way so that there will be less
requirement of changes in the plan later on
the old saying “Plan the work, Work the plan”.

9. Controlling
• Controlling phase is undertaken during the actual project
implementation.
• Project controlling is a mechanism established to
determine deviations from the project base schedule,
to re-plan & reschedule during implementation to
compensate the deviations on the basis of
commissioning minima, flow of resources like
finance, manpower, equipment & application techniques.

10. Organizing
• Organizing is the process of creating a
structure of relationship to enable employees
to carry out management’s plans & achieve
their goals.
• Organizing involves establishing an intentional
structure of roles for people to fill in an
organization.

11. Leading
• Leading involves the social and informal sources of influence
that you use to inspire action taken by others..
• Guiding & motivating employees to make effectively to
accomplish organizational goals & objectives.
• Explaining Routines.
• Clarifying Polices.
• Providing feedback on performances.

12. • Rational Model
 Most popular type of model.
 Based around a cognitive judgment.
 Pros and cons of various options.
• Non- Rational Models
 Satisficing Model.
 Incremental Model.
 Garbage Can Model.
Models of Decision
Making

13. Satisficing Model.
Managers seek alternatives.
One that looks Satisfactory.
Not seeking the optional decision.
Incremental Model.
Mangers make the smallest response possible.
This reduce the problem to at least a tolerable level.
Garbage Can Model
Managers behave in virtually a random pattern.

14. 6 C’s of Decision Making
• Construct
• Compile
• Collect
• Compare
• Consider
• Commit

15. • Construct a clear picture of precisely what
must be decided.
• Compile a list of requirements that must be
met.
• Collect information on alternatives that
meet the requirements

16. • Compare alternatives that meet your
requirements.
• Consider the WHAT MIGHT GO WRONG
factor with each alternative.
• Commit to a decision and follow through
with it.

17. Managing Diversity
Group Decision Making
•Decision Making by more than one person
•Usually followed in organizations.
•It has some advantages & some
disadvantages.

18. Advantages
 More information and
knowledge is focused on the
issue.
 An increased number and
diversity of alternatives can
be developed.
 Greater understand
acceptance of the final
decision are likely.
 Members develop
knowledge and skills for use.
Disadvantages
 It is usually more time-
Consuming.
 Disagreements may delay
decisions and cause hard
feelings.
 The discussion may be
dominated by one or a few
group members.
 Group think may cause
members to overemphasis
achieving agreement.

19. Overcoming Barriers to
Effective Decision Making
Means of Overcoming Decision Making
Barriers.
•Accepting the problem challenge.
•Searching for sufficient alternatives.
•Recognizing common Decision Making Bases.
•Avoiding the Decision Escalation Phenomenon.

20. Conclusion
• Decisions Determines Destiny.
• Decisions are very important factors that
determine the growth of organization
and help achieve the goals.