Decision Making
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The document discusses various concepts and models related to decision making. It covers rational and intuitive decision making styles, individual versus group decision making, and reasons why decisions may fail. It also provides guidelines for effective decision making, such as gathering facts, considering alternatives, flexibility, and follow through. Decision making involves judgment calls between alternatives that are rarely clear-cut and require balancing incomplete information.
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This presentation provides an overview of decision making and the decision making process. It discusses the importance of decision making, the traditional approach to decision making, and the steps involved in decision making including defining the problem, developing alternatives, evaluating alternatives, and implementing the solution. It also covers types of decision making such as routine vs strategic, different techniques for group decision making including the Delphi technique and nominal group technique, and tools for decision making like decision trees.
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Decision Making 2
This document discusses decision making and provides examples of the two main types: programmed and non-programmed decisions. Programmed decisions are routine and based on past experience, while non-programmed decisions are unusual situations that require managerial judgment. The document also outlines the eight main steps in the decision making process: identifying the problem, criteria, alternatives, analysis, selection, implementation, and evaluation. Finally, it examines the three main approaches to decision making: rationality, bounded rationality, and intuition.
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An overview of decision making theory. This guide talks through key concepts relating to decision making within a business context
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In psychology, decision-making is regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a belief or a course of action among several alternative possibilities. Every decision-making process produces a final choice, which may or may not prompt action.
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Decision making involves choosing between alternatives and can be rational or irrational. Barriers to good decision making include being too hasty, narrow, or scattered in one's thinking. The decision making process involves defining the decision, considering all choices, gathering relevant information, selecting the best choice, implementing a plan, and monitoring results. The ABCDE model outlines assessing the problem, brainstorming solutions, considering consequences, deciding and acting, and evaluating the choice. Protective factors like a loving family and clear goals promote positive decision making, while risk factors such as low self-esteem and pressure can lead to negative decision making.
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Decision Making PowerPoint PPT Content Modern Sample
164 slides include: the 6 C's of decision making, inherent personal and system traps, decision trees, decision making methods and tips, 4 slides on the GOR approach to decision making, common pitfalls in decision making, effective strategies in making decisions, the 8 major decision making traps and how to effectively minimize each, different decision making perspectives, 3 different types of analysis (grid analysis - paired comparison analysis, and cost/benefit analysis), utilizing planning and overarching questions, 4 modes of decision making and 6 factors in decision making plus more.
Decision making process
The document outlines the steps in the decision making process as defined by Ponmuthu S. and Daniel R. The 8 step process includes: 1) defining the problem and goals, 2) identifying decision criteria, 3) allocating weights to criteria, 4) gathering alternatives, 5) evaluating alternatives, 6) selecting the best alternative, 7) implementing the alternative, and 8) evaluating the decision's effectiveness. Key aspects of each step are described, such as using decision criteria, assigning weights based on importance, evaluating alternatives based on factors like feasibility and costs, and monitoring the implemented alternative. The overall process is meant to help decision makers systematically analyze problems and select optimal solutions.
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ReadySetPresent (Decision Making PowerPoint Presentation Content): 100+ PowerPoint presentation content slides. Successful and effective strategic decision making is a guarantee to increase productivity in every workplace. Decision Making PowerPoint Presentation Content slides include topics such as: the 6 C’s of decision making, inherent personal and system traps, 10+ slides on decision trees, 10+ slides on decision making methods and tips, 4 slides on the GOR approach to decision making, 8 slides on common pitfalls in decision making, 4 slides on effective strategies in making decisions, 35+ slides on the 8 major decision making traps and how to effectively minimize each, 7 slides on different decision making perspectives, 25 slides on the 3 different types of analysis (grid analysis – paired comparison analysis, and cost/benefit analysis), 4 slides on utilizing planning and overarching questions, 4 modes of decision making and 6 factors in decision making and more!
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The document discusses decision making, including definitions, importance, types, styles, factors affecting success or failure, models, and steps. Decision making is selecting the best alternative to achieve objectives from available options. It is important for better resource use, business growth, and more. Decisions can be programmed, recurring decisions or non-programmed, unique decisions. Factors like certainty, risk, uncertainty, and ambiguity determine the likelihood of failure. The classical, administrative, and political models differ in their problem clarity, information availability, and choice process. The decision making process generally involves recognizing a problem, considering alternatives, choosing one, implementing it, and learning from feedback.
Decision making
Decision making is one of the most important managerial activities. There are several approaches to decision making, including the classical model which assumes rationality and perfect information, and the administrative model which recognizes limitations like bounded rationality. Effective decision making involves defining the problem, identifying alternatives, evaluating alternatives based on feasibility, satisfaction and affordability, selecting the best alternative, implementing it, and following up on results. Behavioral aspects like intuition, politics and risk preferences also influence decisions.
Decision making
The document discusses various aspects of decision making. It defines decision making as choosing one alternative from among options. It describes the decision making process as recognizing the need for a decision, identifying alternatives, choosing the best option, and implementing it. Decision making can occur under certainty, risk, or uncertainty. Rational models of decision making propose a logical, step-by-step process while behavioral models recognize limitations and biases that influence decisions. Political forces, intuition, escalation of commitment, risk tolerance, and ethics also shape organizational decision making.
Problem solving & decision making
The document outlines two processes - problem solving and decision making. For problem solving, it recommends defining the problem clearly, considering if it is a symptom of a larger issue. It advises starting with simple solutions, brainstorming all possible solutions, and implementing and monitoring progress of the chosen solution. For decision making, it lists seven steps - identifying the decision, gathering relevant information, identifying alternatives, weighing evidence, choosing an alternative, taking action, and reviewing the decision and consequences. It also provides some points to remember about decision making - that decisions can change, there are rarely completely right or wrong choices, and the outcome is not fully within one's control.
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"the system encourages workers' participation in corporate decision-making"
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2) Barriers to good decision making such as being hasty, narrow, scattered, or fuzzy.
3) Tools that can help facilitate decision making including the SWOT analysis technique of identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
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164 slides include: the 6 C's of decision making, inherent personal and system traps, decision trees, decision making methods and tips, 4 slides on the GOR approach to decision making, common pitfalls in decision making, effective strategies in making decisions, the 8 major decision making traps and how to effectively minimize each, different decision making perspectives, 3 different types of analysis (grid analysis - paired comparison analysis, and cost/benefit analysis), utilizing planning and overarching questions, 4 modes of decision making and 6 factors in decision making plus more.
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The document outlines the steps in the decision making process as defined by Ponmuthu S. and Daniel R. The 8 step process includes: 1) defining the problem and goals, 2) identifying decision criteria, 3) allocating weights to criteria, 4) gathering alternatives, 5) evaluating alternatives, 6) selecting the best alternative, 7) implementing the alternative, and 8) evaluating the decision's effectiveness. Key aspects of each step are described, such as using decision criteria, assigning weights based on importance, evaluating alternatives based on factors like feasibility and costs, and monitoring the implemented alternative. The overall process is meant to help decision makers systematically analyze problems and select optimal solutions.
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This presentation discusses decision making. It defines decision making as the act of making up your mind after consideration. There are two types of decision making situations: programmed, which are routine decisions made through predetermined rules, and non-programmed, which are novel situations without set rules. The presentation outlines factors for effective decision making like perception, priority, and judgment. It also describes the four functions of decision making: planning, controlling, organizing, and leading. Models of decision making discussed include the rational model and non-rational models like satisficing and incremental. The 6 C's of decision making and managing diversity in group decision making are also summarized.
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ReadySetPresent (Decision Making PowerPoint Presentation Content): 100+ PowerPoint presentation content slides. Successful and effective strategic decision making is a guarantee to increase productivity in every workplace. Decision Making PowerPoint Presentation Content slides include topics such as: the 6 C’s of decision making, inherent personal and system traps, 10+ slides on decision trees, 10+ slides on decision making methods and tips, 4 slides on the GOR approach to decision making, 8 slides on common pitfalls in decision making, 4 slides on effective strategies in making decisions, 35+ slides on the 8 major decision making traps and how to effectively minimize each, 7 slides on different decision making perspectives, 25 slides on the 3 different types of analysis (grid analysis – paired comparison analysis, and cost/benefit analysis), 4 slides on utilizing planning and overarching questions, 4 modes of decision making and 6 factors in decision making and more!
Decision making
The document discusses decision making, including definitions, importance, types, styles, factors affecting success or failure, models, and steps. Decision making is selecting the best alternative to achieve objectives from available options. It is important for better resource use, business growth, and more. Decisions can be programmed, recurring decisions or non-programmed, unique decisions. Factors like certainty, risk, uncertainty, and ambiguity determine the likelihood of failure. The classical, administrative, and political models differ in their problem clarity, information availability, and choice process. The decision making process generally involves recognizing a problem, considering alternatives, choosing one, implementing it, and learning from feedback.
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Decision making is one of the most important managerial activities. There are several approaches to decision making, including the classical model which assumes rationality and perfect information, and the administrative model which recognizes limitations like bounded rationality. Effective decision making involves defining the problem, identifying alternatives, evaluating alternatives based on feasibility, satisfaction and affordability, selecting the best alternative, implementing it, and following up on results. Behavioral aspects like intuition, politics and risk preferences also influence decisions.
Decision making
The document discusses various aspects of decision making. It defines decision making as choosing one alternative from among options. It describes the decision making process as recognizing the need for a decision, identifying alternatives, choosing the best option, and implementing it. Decision making can occur under certainty, risk, or uncertainty. Rational models of decision making propose a logical, step-by-step process while behavioral models recognize limitations and biases that influence decisions. Political forces, intuition, escalation of commitment, risk tolerance, and ethics also shape organizational decision making.
Problem solving & decision making
The document outlines two processes - problem solving and decision making. For problem solving, it recommends defining the problem clearly, considering if it is a symptom of a larger issue. It advises starting with simple solutions, brainstorming all possible solutions, and implementing and monitoring progress of the chosen solution. For decision making, it lists seven steps - identifying the decision, gathering relevant information, identifying alternatives, weighing evidence, choosing an alternative, taking action, and reviewing the decision and consequences. It also provides some points to remember about decision making - that decisions can change, there are rarely completely right or wrong choices, and the outcome is not fully within one's control.
Decision making
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This document discusses decision making and the factors that affect it. It defines decision making as examining options and choosing a course of action. Decisions can be either programmed, for simple routine matters, or non-programmed, for new complicated issues requiring creativity. Key factors in decision making include perception, priorities, acceptability, demands, style, resources, and judgment. The document also outlines steps to make decisions, including constructing a clear picture of the decision, compiling requirements, collecting alternatives, comparing options, considering what could go wrong, and committing to a choice. It concludes with tips on avoiding common pitfalls in decision making.
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1) The document discusses the steps of the decision making process which includes identifying the problem, criteria, weighting criteria, developing alternatives, analyzing alternatives, selecting the best alternative, implementing it, and evaluating.
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3) The alternatives provided are jobs at Unique, American Lycetuff, LDA, Allied, and Cathedral schools. Each alternative is then analyzed and weighted against the criteria to select the best option.
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This document provides guidance on making decisions through a 7 step process. It uses the example of a person named Amy who wants a new cell phone that costs more than she has saved. The 7 steps are: 1) Relax 2) Say something positive 3) Identify the problem 4) Consider choices 5) Weigh consequences 6) Prioritize what's important 7) Make the decision. For Amy, the document outlines her choices, consequences, and recommends waiting to save more money as the best option based on her priorities.
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session13&14.pptx
This document discusses decision making and the decision making process. It begins by outlining learning objectives related to decision making, such as explaining the difference between programmed and non-programmed decisions. It then defines decision making and discusses types of decisions including certainty, risk, uncertainty and ambiguity. The document outlines models of decision making including the classical, administrative and political models. It also details the six step decision making process and discusses factors that can lead to bad decisions. Finally, it explores group decision making techniques like structured conflict, the Delphi technique and electronic brainstorming.
Decision making
This document discusses various models and techniques for decision making. It describes 10 decision making models: 1) Normative model 2) Descriptive model 3) Decision tree model 4) Strategic model 5) Nursing process model 6) Intuitive decision making model 7) Econological model 8) Moral model 9) Ethical decision making model 10) Problem solving model. Each model outlines a different approach and key steps in the decision making process. The document also covers types of decisions, characteristics, stages, principles, qualities of managers, and techniques or bases for decision making.
Decision making management chapter 6
This document outlines the steps in a group decision making process at a management level. It discusses (1) introducing decision making and identifying group members; (2) examining factors like rational decision making models, barriers to effective decision making, and quantitative/behavioral decision making tools; (3) exploring group decision making formats, their advantages and disadvantages, and tools to improve group decisions. The overall aim is to acquaint students with the decision making process and factors that influence management decisions.
BA 361 lecture ch 10.ppt
This chapter discusses models of decision making, including the rational model and Simon's normative model. It covers contingency models, improving decision making, and general decision styles like escalation of commitment. Group decision making advantages and disadvantages are presented, along with techniques like brainstorming, nominal group technique, and computer-aided methods. Styles include analytical, conceptual, directive and behavioral. Stages of creativity, reducing escalation, and defining consensus are also outlined.
BA 361 lecture ch 10.ppt
This chapter discusses models of decision making, group decision making, and techniques for improving decisions. It covers Simon's bounded rationality model, judgmental heuristics, escalation of commitment, and styles of decision making. Group decision making can provide diverse perspectives but also risks social pressure and goal displacement. Techniques like brainstorming, nominal group technique, and Delphi method aim to structure group problem solving.
Principles of Management
Decision making involves selecting a course of action from available alternatives. It is a key part of management and permeates planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. There are different types of decisions and decision making styles. The decision making process generally involves identifying a problem or opportunity, developing alternatives, analyzing alternatives, and selecting and implementing a course of action. Group decision making uses techniques like brainstorming, storyboarding, and Delphi to gather input from multiple individuals.
Pom 4
Decision making involves selecting a course of action from available alternatives. It is a key part of management and permeates planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. There are different types of decisions and decision making styles. The decision making process generally involves identifying a problem or opportunity, developing alternatives, analyzing alternatives, and selecting and implementing a course of action. Group decision making uses techniques like brainstorming, storyboarding, and Delphi to gather input from multiple individuals.
6 steps decision making model
The document summarizes different aspects of decision making including rational models, how decisions are actually made, organizational constraints, and ethics. It discusses how rational models assume complete information and optimization but real decisions involve bounded rationality where people satisfice. Decisions are influenced by heuristics, biases, and the need to appear competent. Organizations further constrain decisions through evaluation and reward systems, time pressures, and historical precedents. Ethics in decision making can focus on utilitarianism, rights, or justice but each approach has tradeoffs for productivity and individual interests.
Entrepreneurial Psychology
A look at the mental models, decision-making strategies, and expert predictions that support smart entrepreneurial processes.
Decision Making
Decision Making Definition and Meaning, Characteristics, Types, Process and different Techniques of Decision Making.
Decision_Making.ppt
This document discusses various models and processes for individual and group decision making. It begins by outlining the rational decision making process of recognizing a problem, setting objectives, evaluating alternatives, making a decision, and gathering feedback. It then discusses three models of decision making: the rational model, bounded rationality model, and garbage can model. The rest of the document provides details on various aspects of decision making, including cognitive styles, risk, escalation of commitment, intuition, creativity, participative decision making, group dynamics, and technological aids.
Decision_Making_group_and process how to start a group decision
The document discusses models of decision making including the rational model, bounded rationality model, and garbage can model. It describes the decision making process which involves recognizing a problem, identifying objectives, gathering data, listing alternatives, selecting a course of action, implementing, and gathering feedback. Effective decision making considers quality, timeliness, acceptance and ethics. Managers have different cognitive styles that influence how they approach problems and make decisions. The document provides tips for techniques to aid decision making like brainstorming, affinity diagrams, and the nominal group technique.
Decision_Making.ppt
The document discusses models of decision making including the rational model, bounded rationality model, and garbage can model. It describes the six step rational decision making process of analyzing the situation, setting objectives, searching for alternatives, evaluating alternatives, making a decision, and evaluating the decision. Factors that influence effective decision making are also discussed such as quality, timeliness, acceptance, and ethical appropriateness. The document provides tips for techniques to gather ideas and make group decisions including brainstorming, the nominal group technique, affinity diagrams, and electronic meetings. Risk taking, escalation of commitment, and Jungian cognitive styles in relation to decision making are also summarized.
Decision_Making.ppt
The document discusses models of decision making including the rational model, bounded rationality model, and garbage can model. It describes the six step rational decision making process of analyzing the situation, setting objectives, searching for alternatives, evaluating alternatives, making a decision, and evaluating the decision. Factors that influence effective decision making are also discussed such as quality, timeliness, acceptance, and ethical appropriateness. The document provides tips for techniques to gather ideas and make group decisions including brainstorming, the nominal group technique, affinity diagrams, and electronic meetings. Risk preference, escalation of commitment, and Jungian cognitive styles are also covered.
BA 520 Chapter 11 Powerpoint
This chapter discusses decision making and creativity in organizational behavior. It compares rational and nonrational models of decision making and describes common decision-making biases. It also outlines evidence-based decision making, group decision making processes, and techniques to increase creativity. The key takeaway is that decision making involves both rational analytical thought and intuitive thought, and creativity can be increased by changing one's environment and mindset.
decision making and decentralization.pptx
The document discusses decision making, including definitions, models, styles, techniques and theories. It provides information on the four stages of group decision making developed by B. Aubrey Fisher. These include the orientation, conflict, emergence and reinforcement stages. Several decision making tools and techniques are also outlined, such as the pros and cons method, SWOT analysis and decision trees. Different decision making theories like the marginal theory, psychological theory and mathematical theory are explained as well.
Decision Making for the Project Leader
The document discusses various aspects of decision making for project leaders. It covers decisions related to the triple constraints of scope, schedule and cost. It then discusses the anatomy of decision making from a neurological perspective. Finally, it provides steps to improve individual decision making, including nutrition, exercise, mindfulness meditation and reducing biases.
Effective decision making
The document discusses various aspects of decision making including:
1. The decision making process involves 7 stages - identifying the problem, criteria, alternatives, analysis, selection, implementation and evaluation.
2. There are different models of decision making like the rational model which uses optimization and bounded rationality which uses satisficing.
3. Decision styles can be reflexive, reflective or consistent. The consistent style balances rushing and wasting time.
4. Key steps in organizational decision making involve outlining goals, gathering data, brainstorming alternatives, analyzing pros and cons, making the decision, taking action and learning from the process.
Problem solving series
This document discusses problem solving and decision making for managers. It begins by defining a problem as a discrepancy between ideal and actual conditions, and a decision as choosing among alternatives. It then outlines the key steps in the decision making process, which includes: 1) defining the problem, 2) identifying limiting factors, 3) developing potential alternatives, 4) analyzing alternatives, 5) selecting the best alternative, 6) implementing the decision, and 7) establishing control and evaluation. Finally, it emphasizes that developing high quality decisions requires following a structured process to thoroughly consider alternatives and make the best choice given available resources and constraints.
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Decision_Making_group_and process how to start a group decision
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Decision Making
- 2. DECISION MAKING “ A manager by profession is a decision maker; Uncertainty is his opponent, overcoming it is his mission.” “ A decision is a judgement. It is a choice between alternatives. It is rarely a choice between right and wrong. It is at best a choice between “almost right” and “probably wrong”. “ DRUCKER”
- 4. DECISION PROCESS R ecognize Problem GATHER FACTS 1 2 3 GENERATE DECISION MONITOR DEFER DELEGATE IMPLEMENT MAKE ASSESS RESULT MATCH
- 8. MODELS CRISES SPEEDY ACTION INTUITIVE RIGID TIGHT CONTROL SHORT RANGE SINGLE COMPLETE NOT SH SHARED AIMED AT PERFECTION DEFINED GOALS ANALYTICAL SNAP MIN MAX PARTICIPATIVE ADAPTIVE CHANGEABLE EXPLOITIVE SHIFT FOCUS FLEX MULTIPILE CONTINGENCY CREATIVE COOPERATIVE BROAD GOALS TEAM WORK “ The ideal number for a hard decision-making meeting is two--- with one on holiday !” INFORMATION CONCLUSION
- 11. EFFECTIVE GROUP DECISION MAKING Leadership 1.Avoid domination. 2.Encourage input 3.Avoid groupthink And satisficng. 4. Remember goals. Constructive conflict 1. Air legitimate difference 2.Stay task-related. 3.Be impersonal. 4.Play devil’s advocate. Effective group Decision making Creativity 1.Brainstorm 2. Avoid criticizing 3. Exhaust ideas. 4. Combine ideas
- 13. Decide and Announce Seek Individual Input, then Decide and Announce Seek Group Input, then Decide and Announce Group Consensus, Management Approval Group Consensus, with full authority Time Level of involvement Preferred Fallback Fallback (if consensus not achieved) ALTERNATIVE TOYOTA DECISION MAKING METHODS
- 15. EXAMPLE OF AN A3 REPORT CURRENT SITUATAION PROPOSAL LABOR COST & TIME ANALYSIS TIME SAVINGS PLAN IMPLEMENTATION CONTROLS TIME LINE
- 16. DECISION STYLES High Low Tolerance for Ambiguity Rational Intuitive Way of Thinking Careful decision makers Adapt to new situation Efficient,logical use less information, few alternative make decision fast focus on short-term Broad outlook examine more alternative long range find creative solution Work well with others Receptive to suggestions Avoid conflicts Source: Rowe McGrath Modules in Decision Making, 1984 Behavioral Conceptual Directive Analytical
- 19. GUIDE LINES FOR DECISION MAKING 1 . MARSHAL THE FACTS 2. CONSULT YOUR FEELING 3. USE WISE TIMINGS 4. DON’T INFER TOO MUCH 5. KEEP THE DECISION FLEXIBLE 6. FOLLOW THROUGH 7. HAVE COURAGE 8. DECISIONS TO SAVE SKIN, BEWARE OF! “ The responsibility is always mine but the decision lies with who ever is on the spot”.