The document discusses transistors, including:
- Transistors are electronic devices made of three layers of semiconductor material that can act as insulators or conductors.
- The first transistor was invented in 1947 by John Bardeen and Walter Brattain.
- There are several types of transistors including BJT, UJT, FET, and MOS transistors. BJTs use both electrons and holes, while FETs use only one type of carrier.
- Transistors have wide applications as switches, amplifiers, and in digital circuits. Recent developments include 3D transistors made using tri-gate technology for improved performance and efficiency.
The study of the basics of electronics can be studied through the link http://bit.ly/2PPv0mv
The transistor is a semiconductor device with three connections, capable of amplification in addition to rectification
Here you find the information about Transistors. And know about
-> Type Of Transistor:
->Region of Transistor:
->P-N Junction Diodes
->Transistor application
->Transistor Connections
Limitation:
->Future of transistor:
The study of the basics of electronics can be studied through the link http://bit.ly/2PPv0mv
The transistor is a semiconductor device with three connections, capable of amplification in addition to rectification
Here you find the information about Transistors. And know about
-> Type Of Transistor:
->Region of Transistor:
->P-N Junction Diodes
->Transistor application
->Transistor Connections
Limitation:
->Future of transistor:
This presentation is for beginners of electronics. This will give you a brief about all the important basic building blocks of electronics and hence will be helpful in creating a good foundation.
This presentation contains the basic information you need to know about operational amplifier.
I have tried to cover all the basic info. If anything is left out or you have any suggestions i will appreciate it.
This presentation gives a lot of information about
Semiconductor Devices.This is presented by Rajesh Kumar Sangani from Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies,Basar Dist
Adilabad,A.P,India.
This presentation is for beginners of electronics. This will give you a brief about all the important basic building blocks of electronics and hence will be helpful in creating a good foundation.
This presentation contains the basic information you need to know about operational amplifier.
I have tried to cover all the basic info. If anything is left out or you have any suggestions i will appreciate it.
This presentation gives a lot of information about
Semiconductor Devices.This is presented by Rajesh Kumar Sangani from Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies,Basar Dist
Adilabad,A.P,India.
Among the many important components of modern electronics, transistors stand out. The electronic transistors you need can be found from wholesale stores like Express Technology Group. Among the best electrical transistor wholesale suppliers with web-based shops, it is also a trustworthy brand.
DESIGN OF DIFFERENT DIGITAL CIRCUITS USING SINGLE ELECTRON DEVICESmsejjournal
Single Electron transistor (SET) is foreseen as an excellently growing technology. The aim of this paper is
to present in short the fundamentals of SET as well as to realize its application in the design of single
electron device based novel digital logic circuits with the help of a Monte Carlo based simulator. A Single
Electron Transistors (SET) is characterized by two most substantial determinants. One is very low power
dissipation while the other is its small stature that makes it a favorable suitor for the future generation of
very high level integration. With the utilization of SET, technology is moving past CMOS age resulting in
power efficient, high integrity, handy and high speed devices. Conducting a check on the transport of single
electrons is one of the most stirring aspects of SET technologies. Apparently, Monte Carlo technique is in
vogue in terms of simulating SED based circuits. Hence, a MC based tool called SIMON 2.0 is exercised
upon for the design and simulation of these digital logic circuits. Further, an efficient functioning of the
logic circuits such as multiplexers, decoders, adders and converters are illustrated and established by
means of circuit simulation using SIMON 2.0 simulator.
DESIGN OF DIFFERENT DIGITAL CIRCUITS USING SINGLE ELECTRON DEVICESmsejjournal
Single Electron transistor (SET) is foreseen as an excellently growing technology. The aim of this paper is
to present in short the fundamentals of SET as well as to realize its application in the design of single
electron device based novel digital logic circuits with the help of a Monte Carlo based simulator. A Single
Electron Transistors (SET) is characterized by two most substantial determinants. One is very low power
dissipation while the other is its small stature that makes it a favorable suitor for the future generation of
very high level integration. With the utilization of SET, technology is moving past CMOS age resulting in
power efficient, high integrity, handy and high speed devices. Conducting a check on the transport of single
electrons is one of the most stirring aspects of SET technologies. Apparently, Monte Carlo technique is in
vogue in terms of simulating SED based circuits. Hence, a MC based tool called SIMON 2.0 is exercised
upon for the design and simulation of these digital logic circuits. Further, an efficient functioning of the
logic circuits such as multiplexers, decoders, adders and converters are illustrated and established by
means of circuit simulation using SIMON 2.0 simulator.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
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Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
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Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
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adversary training.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Gen AI Study Jams _ For the GDSC Leads in India.pdf
Presentation of transistor
1. Presented by:
Md . Sohag
Em@il : sohag.0315@gmail.com
Daffodil international University
2. Transistor Definition
Transistor is an electronic device made
of three layers of semiconductor
material that can act as an insulator
and a conductor.
The three layered transistor is also
known as the bipolar junction
transistor.
3. Let we know about this topics.
1.Evolution of transistor
2.Importance of transistor
3.Definition & transistor types
4.Transistor symbol & operation
5.Advantages of transistor
6.Latest in transistor technology
4. History of transistors
In 1906, an American inventor and physicist,
Lee De Forest, made the vacuum tube triode
or audion as he called it.
Used in radios
Used in early computers
5. The first transistor
In 1947, John
Bardeen and
Walter Brattain
deviced - the first
"point contact"
transistor.
6. Moore’s Law
It’s an observation made by Gordon E. Moore, in
which he predicted that the number of transistors,
inside an Integrated Circuit, could
be doubled every 24 months.
At the density that also
minimized the cost of a transistor.
11. Transistor biasing
The base-emitter (BE) junction is forward biased
The base-collector (BC) junction is reverse biased.
IE=IB+IC
12. Types of transistor
BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
UJT- Unipolar Junction Transistor
FET - Field Effect Transistor
MOS - Metal Oxide Semiconductor
13. The bipolar junction transistor(BJT)
A bipolar junction transistor (bipolar transistor or BJT) is a
type of transistor that uses both electron and hole charge
carriers. In contrast, unipolar transistors, such as field-effect
transistors, only use one kind of charge carrier. For their
operation, BJTs use two junctions between two semiconductor
types, n-type and p-type.
BJTs are manufactured in two types, NPN and PNP, and are
available as individual components, or fabricated in integrated
circuits, often in large numbers. The basic function of a BJT is to
amplify current. This allows BJTs to be used as amplifiers or
switches, giving them wide applicability in electronic
equipment, including, computers, televisions, mobile phones,
audio amplifiers, industrial control, and radio transmitters.
14. Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT’s)
The term bipolar refers to the use of both
holes and electrons as charge carriers in the
transistor structure
There are two types of BJTs, the NPN and
PNP
16. The Unijunction Transistor(UJT)
The Unijunction Transistor or UJT for short, is
another solid state three terminal device that can
be used in gate pulse, timing circuits and trigger
generator applications to switch and control either
thyristors and triacs for AC power control type
applications. Like diodes, unijunction transistors
are constructed from separate P-type and N-type
semiconductor materials forming a single (hence
its name Uni-Junction) PN-junction within the
main conducting N-type channel of the device.
17.
18. The field-effect transistor (FET)
The field-effect transistor (FET) is a transistor that uses
an electric field to control the shape and hence the
electrical conductivity of a channel of one type of charge carrier
in asemiconductor material. FETs are also known as unipolar
transistors as they involve single-carrier-type operation. The
FET has several forms, but all have high inputimpedance. While
the conductivity of a non-FET transistor is regulated by the input
current (the emitter to base current) and so has a low input
impedance, a FET's conductivity is regulated by a voltage applied
to a terminal (the gate) which is insulated from the device. The
applied gate voltage imposes an electric field into the device,
which in turn attracts or repels charge carriers to or from the
region between a source terminal and a drain terminal. The
density of charge carriers in turn influences the conductivity
between the source and drain.
19.
20. Metal Oxide Semiconductor(MOS)
The metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect
transistor (MOSFET, MOS-FET, or MOS FET) is a type
of transistor used for amplifying or switching
electronic signals.
Short for Metal Oxide Semiconductor, MOS is a
method of creating transistors. MOS consists of three
layers, a metal conductor, insulating silicon layer, and
a semiconductor silicon layer.
21.
22. Transistor applications
Transistor as a switch
When used as an electronic switch, the transistor is
normally operated alternately in cut-off and saturation
regions.
23. Transistor as amplifier
Due to the small changes in
base current the collector
current will mimic the input
with greater amplitude
24. Transistor as a Switch
Transistors are commonly used in digital circuits as
electronic switches which can be either in an "on" or
"off" state, both for high-power applications such
as switched-mode power supplies and for low-power
applications such as logic gates. Important parameters
for this application include the current switched, the
voltage handled, and the switching speed, characterised
by the rise and fall times.
25.
26. Future of Transistors
Molecular electronics
Carbon nanotube transistors
Nano inspiration wire transistors
Quantum computing
CMOS devices will add functionality to CMOS non-
volatile memory, opto-electronics, sensing….
CMOS technology will address new markets
macroelectronics, bio-medical devices, …
Biology may provide for new technologies bottom-up
assembly, human intelligence
27. What’s new in transistor
technology?
3D Transistor made using
Tri-Gate transistors on its 22nm logic
technology.
Advantage of Tri-Gate Transistors
·More than 50% power reduction at
constant performance.
·37% performance increase at low voltage
·Improved performance and efficiency.